Objective: To understand the incidence and mortality of drowning and secular trend among children aged 0-14 from 1990 to 2019 in China, so as to provide reference for drowning intervention among children in China. Methods: Based on data of drowning incidence and death in 0-14 years old children in China in 1990-2019 years Global Burden of Disease (GBD 2019) database, the standardized rate was calculated by the world standard population, and the trend of incidence rate and mortality rate was fitted by Joinpoint regression model respectively. Results: From 1990 to 2019, the overall incidence of drowning among children aged 0-14 years in China decreased from 37.17/100 000 to 12.54/100 000, a relative decrease of 66.26%; the standardized incidence rate decreased from 21.78/100 000 to 14.98/100 000, a relative decrease of 31.22%. The incidence rate and standardized incidence rate of drowning in children showed an increasing after decreasing trend, with decreasing mortality and standardized mortality rate. Joinpoint regression showed that the incidence rate of standardized AAPC for child drowning was -1.3, -2.5 for males and 0 for females. The overall standardized mortality rate of drowning was -3.9, male was -3.6, female was about -4.5 , the trend changes were statistically significant ( P <0.05). The incidence rate and mortality rate of male were higher than that of female, and there was significant difference between male and female groups ( P <0.05). Conclusion Significant progress has been made in child drowning prevention and control, with substantial decreasing in the incidence rate of child drowning. However, considering recent slight increase in drowning incidence, effective measures should be developmed including risk factors, vulnerable population to further control the incidence and mortality of child drowning.

Objective: To understand pneumonia mortality in children aged 0-14 years in China in recent 15 years, and to provide reference for child pneumonia prevention and treatment. Methods: Based on the death data from China Statistical Yearbook 2005-2019, pneumonia mortality in urban and rural children aged 0-14 was extracted and the standardized mortality was calculated, and the trend of mortality was fitted by Joinpoint regression model. Results: The crude mortality rate of child pneumonia in urban and rural areas showed an increasing trend, while the standardized mortality rate showed a fluctuating downward trend. Joinpoint regression showed that the mortality rate of pneumonia in urban and rural children showed a monotonous downward trend, and there was no turning point. The overall APC of pneumonia mortality of urban children was -3.4, that of boys and girls were both -3.5. Trend for annual changes in urban areas were found significant among total sample and boys (both P <0.05). The overall APC of pneumonia mortality in rural children was -7.8, that of boys and girls were -7.1 and -7.8, respectively. Trend for annual changes in rural areas were found significant among total sample and boys(both P <0.05). There was no significant differences in the trend of mortality between urban and rural groups. Conclusion During 2005 to 2019, child pneumonia mortality in urban and rural areas in China shows a downward trend, which is relatively balanced in urban and rural areas. Further strengthened pediatric pneumonia treatment and management are expected to reduce the pneumonia mortality.