Child ; Child, Preschool ; Epilepsy ; complications ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; complications ; diagnosis ; surgery

Objective: To analyze the efficiency of ureteroscope and biopsy in the diagnosis of tumor grade, muscle-invasiveness and multifocality in suspected upper tract urinary carcinoma (UTUC) patients in order to find out whether it can be used in the risk stratification of UTUC patients.Methods: A retrospective study of 76 UTUC patients who underwent preoperative ureteroscope and/or biopsy and received radical nephroureterectomy in Peking University Third Hospital during January 2014 to December 2016 was undertaken.Results: In this study, 76 patients were included.There were 31 males (40.8%), and 45 females (59.2%).The median age was 64.5 years (31-88), and 51 patients had the symptom of hematuresis.The tumor was located in renal pelvis in 39 patients, and in ureter in 37 patients.Post-operative pathology confirmed that all the 76 patients included in this study suffered from UTUC, of whom 21 (21.6%) were of low-grade, 51 (67.1%) were of high-grade, 4 (5.3%) were undetermined, and 47 (61.9%) patients were muscle-invasive, and 27 (35.5%) were not, and 2 (2.6%) were undetermined.Among the 50 patients, in whom the grade of the tumor could be diagnosed by biopsy, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for low-grade tumor was 88.2%, 69.7%, 76.0%, 60.0% and 92.0%, respectively.Among the 27 patients, in whom the muscle-invasiveness could be diagnosed by biopsy, 5 patients were diagnosed with muscle-invasiveness, all confirmed by pathology after surgery and 22 patients were diagnosed with none muscle-invasiveness, turned out to be 50% muscle-invasive and 50% none-muscle invasive after surgery.The accuracy was 59.3%.The accuracy of ureteroscopic biopsy to diagnosis multifocality was 61.0%.On univariate ana-lysis, biopsy grade was associated with postoperative pathology (P=0.001), while gender, age, side, body mass index (BMI), hematuresis, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), hydronephrosis, tumor size, location, multifocality and sessile were not associated with postoperative pathology grade.Biopsy grade (P=0.02), preoperative eGFR<90 mL/(min·1.73 m2)(P=0.025) and tumor located in pelvis (P=0.049) were associated with muscle invasiveness.Gender, age, side, BMI, hematuresis, hydronephrosis, tumor size, multifocality and sessile were not significantly associated with muscle invasiveness.Conclusion: Ureteroscope and biopsy can assist risk stratification in upper tract urothelial carcinoma patients.

To investigate JAK2V617F mutation and its clinical significance in patients with idiopathic myelofibrosis (IMF), genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood cell samples of 12 IMF cases. Allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) was performed to identify JAK2V617F mutation, and the results were confirmed by sequence analysis. A retrospective study was performed to explore the correlation between JAK2V617F mutation and the clinical, hematologic features. The results showed that in follow-up for 2 to 15 months, the occurrence of the positive point mutation in 12 patients with IMF was 50%, and the half of these positive patients had thrombosis. Patients with JAK2V617F point mutation had a higher counts of platelets and megakaryocytes in bone marrow than those in patients without JAK2V617F point mutation. Out of other 6 IMF patients without JAK2V617F point mutation only 1 patient had thrombosis, and lower counts of platelets in peripheral blood and megakaryocytes in bone marrow. It is concluded that majority of IMF patients with positive JAK2V617F point mutation have typical clinical and hematologic features, higher incidence of thrombosis, and higher counts of platelets in peripheral blood and megakaryocytes in bone marrow.
Adult ; Aged ; Base Sequence ; Bone Marrow ; pathology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Janus Kinase 2 ; genetics ; Male ; Megakaryocytes ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Platelet Count ; Point Mutation ; Primary Myelofibrosis ; genetics ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo investigate the value of incidental focal (18)F-FDG uptake in the colon and rectum and characteristics of functional anatomic form for differential diagnosis of colorectal benign or malignant diseases.

METHODSClinical data and images of incidental focal hypermetabolism focus in colon and rectum of 37 individuals undergoing (18)F-FDG PET-CT were analyzed retrospectively. According to the eventual outcomes of pathological examination and clinical follow-up, these cases were divided into four subgroups: malignant disease, benign tumor (including precancerous change), inflammation and physiological uptake. Radioactive uptake level (SUVmax) and change of delayed imaging (RI) of focal hypermetabolism focus were compared between groups. The data analysis was performed using variance analysis.

RESULTSThe average SUVmax was 6.3±3.7, 8.8±6.5, 5.2±1.4, and 3.8±0.9 in malignant disease (n=11), benign (precancerous) tumor (n=9), inflammation (n=9) and physiological uptaking (n=8) respectively. The average SUVmax was 7.6±5.6 in benign and malignant tumor, and 4.7±1.5 in inflammation and physiological uptake. The distinction of average SUVmax was not statistically significant between benign and malignant tumor or inflammation and physiological uptake. But it was higher in tumors as compared to inflammation or physiological uptake with a statistically difference (P<0.05). The RI was 0.3±0.2, 0.4±0.1, 0.3±0.2, 0.4±0.2 in above 4 groups respectively, and the differences were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONSThe incidental focal hypermetabolism focus in the colon the rectum during (18)F-FDG PET-CT may indicate potential colorectal malignant diseases and precancerous lesions. SUVmax value in focal hypermetabolism focus in the colon and rectum can help to distinguish tumor from inflammation or physiological uptake. But there is no diagnostic value for distinguishing malignant disease from benign tumor.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Colonic Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; methods ; Rectal Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo investigate the histopathological features of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, and to explore the ways of its diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment.

METHODSThe clinical data and pathological features of 23 cases of esophageal basaloid squamous cell carcinoma were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSThe tumors were mainly located at the middle third segment of the esophagus. The 1-,2- and 3-year survival rates were 60.9%, 21.7% and 0, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus is highly malignant with poor prognosis. Radical resection combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy is required.

Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Basosquamous ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnosis ; Cisplatin ; administration & dosage ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Esophagectomy ; methods ; Esophagus ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Fluorouracil ; administration & dosage ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; secondary ; Lung Neoplasms ; secondary ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiotherapy, High-Energy ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of water extracts of Coptidis Rhizoma and Evodiae Fructus (CREF) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human gastric carcinoma cells (SGC-7901) and determine the optimal proportion of Coptidis rhizoma to Evodiae fructus.

METHODSThe growth inhibition of SGC-7901 cells treated with the water extracts of CREF of varying proportions was tested with MTT assay. The cell apoptotic rate and mitochondrial membrane potential were analyzed with flow cytometry.

RESULTSThe water extract of CREF with Coptidis Rhizoma: Evodiae Fructus proportions at 1:6, 2:5, 3:4, 4:3, 5:2, and 6:1 all significantly inhibited the growth of SGC-7901 cells after a 24-h or 48-h treatment (P<0.05). The growth inhibition and cell death ratio both exhibited a dose-dependent pattern of Coptidis Rhizoma. Flow cytometry analysis showed that, after treatment of the cells with CREF at the proportions of 1:6, 2:5, 3:4, 4:3, 5:2, and 6:1, the apoptotic rate were (8.50 ∓ 1.59)%, (9.90 ∓ 1.01)%, (17.15∓1.68)%, (21.55 ∓ 1.97)%, (34.10 ∓ 1.06)% and (34.40 ∓ 1.02)%, respectively, all significantly higher than that in the control group [(1.69 ∓ 1.91)%, P<0.05]. JC-1 Kit staining showed that mitochondrial membrane potential of SGC-7901 cells was decreased and the ratio of green to red fluorescence increased significantly after incubation with CREF.

CONCLUSIONCREF can inhibit the growth and induce apoptosis of SGC-7901 cells, and the strongest effect is achieved at the optimal proportion of Coptidis Rhizoma and Evodiae Fructus at 6:1.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Drug Compounding ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Evodia ; chemistry ; Humans ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology

Objective To investigate the relationship between trytophan hydroxylase (TPH) gene A218C in intren 7 and 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter (5-HTT) gene variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) in intron 2 and gene-linked polymorphic region (LPR) deletion/iusertion polymorphism and essential hypertension (EH) in Chinese northern Han population.Methods A total of 280 EH patients and 200 normoteusive controls were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique.Results There were no significant differences in the frequencies of the genotypes and alleles of TPH gene A218C and 5-HTTVNTR between EH patents and controls (all P > 0.05).The genotype frequencies of SS,LS and LL in the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was 68%,29% and 3% in EH patients,53% ,37% and 10% in the controls respectively (P <0.01).The frequencies of allele S and L of the 5-HTTLPR were 82% and 18% in EH patients,72% and 28% in the controls respectively (P < 0.01).Compared with the carriers of L allele (LS + LL),the EH risk was significantly higher in the SS hmnozygote (OR = 1.90,95 % CI = 1.31 - 2.77,P = 0.001).After adjustment of age,gender,body mass index,blood lipids,fasting blood glucose and blood uric acid level,the binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that SS genotype in the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was significantly related to occurrence of EH (OR = 1.47,95%CI=1.06-2.04,P=0.021).Conclusions The SS genotype Of the 5-HTTLPR might be a susceptible gene to EH,while the TPH gene A218C and 5-HTrVNTR polymorphism is not associated with EH in Chinese northern Han population.

Objective To analyse the clinical features of children with obstructive sleep apneahypopnea syndrome(OSAHS),accompanying with risk factors.Methods The clinic data of 19 patients treated in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of Guangzhou Children's Hospital between January 2005 to January 2008 were investigated retrospectively.Among them,5 were＜2 years old,6 with craniofacial deformity:small mandible and(or)mandibular retrusion(5 cases),transverse facial cleft(1 case),Down's syndrome(2 cases),cerebral palsy(2 cases),chronic bronchitis(3 cases)and mucopolysaccharidoses(1 case).Nineteen patients with symptoms of snoring, mouth breathing,were diagnosised as OSAHS by polysemnography(PSG)and treated by tonsillectomy and(or)adenoidectomy in hospital.All patients were closely followed-up.Results Fourteen patients underwent PSG 6 months to 1 year after operation,11 patients recovered,the median [percentiles 25;percentiles 75]apnea-hypopnea index(AHI)decreased from the pre-operative 22.5[16.5;24.3]times/h to 2.0[1.5;4.3]times/h,and the lowest oxygen saturation(LSaO2)before operation was 0.63,and was higher than 0.92 after operation,1 case accompanying with chronic bronchitis,the pulmonary hypertension was improved after operation.One case with Down's syndrome wag not significantly impmved,preoperative AHI and LSaO2 was 22.4 times/h and 0.67,and after operation was 14.2 and 0.84;2 cases accepted adenoidectomy only,snoring,mouth breathing reappeared 3 mornths after operation.pre-operative PSG results showed AHI 24.6 times/h and 26.6 times/h,LSaO2 was 0.69 and 0.73,after operation the AHI was 10.6 times/h and 8.5 times/h,LSaO2 was 0.90 and 0.88,the symptoms disappeared after adenotonsillectomy.Five cases did not have PSG because they lived far away in the other cities,their pre-operative PSG showed AHI 16.4 to 26.2 times/h,LSaO2 was 0.65 to 0.76.One year after operation,these patients were followed-up by telephone,4 children were significantly improved,1 case with mandibular symptoms showed no improvement.Conclusions For OSAHS children accompanying with risk factors,if they have adenoid and tonsil hypertrophy,adenotonsillectomy is the major treatment.Because of the existence of risk factors,perioperative risk increased,even the failure of operation.so these patients must be comprehensively assessed before operation.Satisfied results Can be achieved by close observation after operation and management of complications as soon as possible.

Objective To analyze the similarities and differences of the clinical manifestations between the children with upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), and to explore the clinical features and characteristics of sleep respiratory parameters. Methods Using the double-blind method, all children were diagnosed as UARS or OSAHS through the polysomnography test and the results of all children were analyzed by a sleep technician and an otolaryngologist. Another ENT doctor recorded their clinical and physical examination in detail. Results Polysomnography showed that the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and the lowest oxygen in 253 children with OSAHS were 3.60 [ 2. 00 ;7. 55 ] times/h and 0. 90 [ 0. 85 ;0. 91 ], and were 0. 90 [ 0. 50; 1.10 ] times/h and 0. 95 [ 0. 92 ;0. 96 ] in 102 children with UARS, the difference of the two groups by rank test was statistically significant. The proportion of UARS and OSAHS was more common during preschool period than during school-age period. The chief complaint in two groups was sleep snoring, and the main symptoms were sleep restless, attention deficit/hyperactivity and breath with mouth open. The incidence rate of above symptoms were as follows, 94. 1% ,72. 5% ,62. 7% and 37. 3% in children with UARS, 92. 9% ,78. 7% ,57. 7% and 45. 5% in children with OSAHS. The difference was not significant by chi-square test (P >0. 05). Tonsil and adenoid hypertrophy were also observed in the two groups, the difference was not significant ( x2 = 0. 27, P =0. 87). However, the children with OSAHS were more apt to have the sleep apnea than with UARS, the difference was statistically significant (x2 =34.07,P<0.001). Conclusions The clinical manifestations of two groups are similar, the difference between UARS and OSAHS can not be determined by the patient's clinical performance. Sleep apnea can be more easily observed in children with OSAHS than that in UARS, the final diagnosis is based on polysomnography.

Objective To explore the correlation between periodic limb movement index (PLMI) and the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), apnea index (AI), hypopnea index (HI) and lowest oxygen saturation (LSaO_2) in sixty-four children with sleep-disordered breathing(SDB).Methods Between March 2008 and May 2009, sixty-four children suspected of OSAHS underwent overnight polysomnogram monitoring in our medicine sleep center.OSAHS was diagnosed according to the general criterion.Sixty-four children were divided into two groups.Thirty children were diagnosed as OSAHS and 34 children were diagnosed as primary snoring (PS, 32 children) or upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS, 2 children).The difference of PLMI and periodic limb movement index during sleep associated with arousals (PLMl-arousal) were compared between the two groups.Besides this, the correlation between PLMI, periodic limb movement index during sleep associated with arousals and AHI, AI, HI and LSaO_2 were also analyzed in all SDB children.Furthermore, all SDB children were divided into two groups according to PLMI (< 5 events/h vs ≥5 events/h).AHI, AI, HI, LSaO_2 and sleep structure were compared between the two groups.Results ①The difference of PLMI and PLMI-arousal between the children with OSAHS and children with other SDB types(PS and UARS) were not significant (z value, - 1.279, - 1.490; P value, 0.201,0.136, respectively).② The increased sleep stage I was significant as being compared between the two groups (<5 events/h vs ≥5 events/h, t = -2.16, P <0.05).However, other sleep stages and sleep efficiency were not significantly different (P value, all > 0.05).③ The difference of HI, AI, AHI, arousals index (ArI) and LSaO_2 were not significant between the two groups(<5 events/h vs ≥5 events/h, P value, all > 0.05).④ PLMI and PLMI-arousal were not correlated with AHI, HI, AI, AHI and LSaO_2 (Spearman rank correlation analysis).Conclusions PLMS may be independent of SDB and PLMS had a little influce on sleep structure.