No abstract available.
Encephalitis*

No abstract available.
Encephalitis*

To examine the fate of cryopreserved meniscus used as orthotopic allograft on alternative to total removal of menisci, the authors have performed replacement of medial meniscus with cryopreserved one which had been preserved at −70℃ for 7 days in right side and with fresh autograft without cryopreservation in left side as a control group.Transplanted menisci were sampled at 4, 8, 12 ,16 weeks, postoperatively to observe their gross and histological findings. At 4 weeks, the allograft was healed to the perioheral capsular tissue and meniscal horn attachments of the host by fibrovascular scar tissue retained their normal appearance in gross findings. It showed an increased cellularity immediately adjacent to its peripheral attachment covered by the vascularized synovial tissues. At 8 weeks, it showed even distribution of cellularity in histological finding. At 12 weeks, gross findings of mild shrinkage and degeneration were seen and those were covered by both synovial and connective tissue with regenerated chondrocyte in histological findings. At 16 weeks, a little difference between allograft and normal meniscus was showed in gross and histological findings. There are regenerated chondrocytes in the deep area some degenerative changes were noted in the tibial and femoral cartilage not covered by meniscus. Above results showed cryopreserved meniscal allograft was able to regenerate and clinically suggest good treatment modality in case of unable to reshape to normal structure after total meniscectomy.
Allografts ; Animals ; Autografts ; Cartilage ; Chondrocytes ; Cicatrix ; Connective Tissue ; Cryopreservation ; Horns ; Knee ; Menisci, Tibial

Background: Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) has been widely used as an effective medical treatment for pain and for postoperative analgesia. However, improper dose errors in intravenous (IV) administration of narcotic analgesics from a PCA infusion pump can cause patient harm. Furthermore, opioid overdose is considered one of the highest risk factors for patients receiving pain medications. Therefore, accurate delivery of opioid analgesics is a critical function of PCA infusion pumps. Methods: We designed a microbalance method that consisted of a closed acrylic chamber containing a layer and an oil layer with an electronic balance. A commercially available infusion analyzer (IDA-5, Fluke Co., Everett, WA, USA) was used to measure the accuracy of the infusion flow rate from a commercially available smart PCA infusion pump (PS-1000, UNIMEDICS, Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea) and compared with the results of the microbalance method. We evaluated the uncertainty of the flow rate measurement using the ISO guide (GUM:1995 part3). The battery life, delay time of the occlusion alarm, and bolus function of the PCA pump were also tested. Results: The microbalance method was good in the short-term 2 h measurement, and IDA-5 was good in the long-term 24 h measurement. The two measurement systems can complement each other in the case of the measurement time. Regarding battery performance, PS-1000 lasted approximately 5 days in a 1 ml/hr flow rate condition without recharging the battery. The occlusion pressure alarm delays of PS-1000 satisfied the conventional alarm threshold of occlusion pressure (300-800 mmHg). Average accuracy bolus volume was measured as 63%, 95%, and 98.5% with 0.1 ml, 1 ml, and 2 ml bolus volume presets, respectively. A 1 ml/hr flow rate measurement was evaluated as 2.08% of expanded uncertainty, with a 95% confidence level. Conclusion PS-1000 showed a flow accuracy to be within the infusion pump standard, which is ± 5% of flow accuracy. Occlusion alarm of PS-1000 was quickly transmitted, resulting in better safety for patients receiving IV infusion of opioids. PS-1000 is sufficient for a portable smart PCA infusion pump.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the association between sedentary behavior and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) according to changes in physical activity after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Korean adolescents. Methods: This study included 52,723 South Korean middle and high school students who had obtained a complete Korea youth risk behavior survey, 2021. To identify the association between sitting time and GAD (GAD-7 scale≥10), odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using complex sample logistic regression analysis (p＜0.05). Results: After adjusting for confounding variables, higher sitting time was associated with higher GAD risk (OR [95% CI]: 5–10 hours, 1.15 [1.04–1.27]; 10–15 hours, 1.23 [1.12–1.35]; ≥15 hours, 1.28 [1.15–1.43]). In adolescents whose physical activity has not changed or has increased after COVID-19, as the sitting time increased, the OR (95% CI) of GAD increased (5–10 hours, 1.15 [1.02–1.31]; 10–15 hours, 1.20 [1.07–1.35]; ≥15 hours, 1.35 [1.17–1.54]). But, not in adolescents whose physical activity has decreased after COVID-19. Conclusion We observed the independent associations between sedentary behavior and GAD, and sedentary behavior and GAD are associated by change in physical activity after COVID-19 among adolescents. Therefore, in the pandemic era reducing sedentary behavior and increasing physical activity is necessary for adolescents to enhance mental health and decrease the case of GAD.

No abstract available.
Angioplasty* ; Constriction, Pathologic* ; Veins*

No abstract available.
Anthropology, Cultural ; Female ; Genital Diseases, Female/epidemiology* ; Genital Diseases, Female/etiology ; Genital Diseases, Female/therapy ; Human ; Korea ; Medicine, Traditional*

BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to compare nosocomial infection rates between intensive care units of military and civilian hospitals. METHODS: From July to December 2000, we surveyed the intensive care unit of Armed Forces Capital Hospital (AFCH). We compared device use ratios and device-day infection rates with those of Korean Society for Nosocomial Infection Control (KOSNIC) and National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) system. RESULTS: During the period of study, 185 cases were admitted and 24 nosocomial infections were detected: 7 cases of pneumonia, 6 urinary tract, 3 blood stream, 3 cardiovascular system, 3 surgical site infections, 1 skin and soft tissue, and 1 central nervous system infection. Ventilator, urinary catheter and central venous catheter use ratios were 0.14 (95% confidence interval, 0.12-0.16), 0.58 (0.56-0.60) and 0.33 (0.31-0.35). The ratios of NNIS were 0.41, 0.67 and 0.50. Ventilator-, urinary catheter- and central venous catheter-day infection rates were 18.69(11.36-53.32), 6.65 (3.36-14.20) and 1.95 (1.44-9.92). However, the rates of KOSNIC were 9.93, 5.29 and 3.62. The rates of NNIS were 11.24, 6.14 and 5.55. CONCLUSIONS: In AFCH ventilators were used less frequently than NNIS, but more ventilator-associated pneumonia were developed than KOSNIC and NNIS.
Arm ; Cardiovascular System ; Central Nervous System Infections ; Central Venous Catheters ; Cross Infection* ; Hospitals, Military ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units* ; Critical Care* ; Military Personnel* ; Pneumonia ; Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated ; Rivers ; Skin ; Urinary Catheters ; Urinary Tract ; Ventilators, Mechanical

We developed security function modules based DICOM standard, including Secure Connection of TLS, Digital Signature, and Media Security of CMS. Using DICOM standard security functions, medical equipment, modality, and PACS software are able to communicate and exchange information safely without sacrifice for the compatibility. TLS enables secure connection between modality. Digital Signature guarantees data integrity and authentication based on PKI technology. Lastly, CMS algorithm provides how to encrypt DICOM File based on Media Storage Security. Signed and encrypted images are only to be decrypted by patient or who has authority, and it is to be proved that those images are not changed.
Humans

PURPOSE: Inaccurate femoral canal shaping can result in post-operative complications in hip arthroplasty. We addressed the amount of broach rotation during shaping of the femoral canal and compared it with respect to newly designed broaches which were modified to minimize the rotation. MATERIALS AND METHOD: we designed the broaches that had canal guide which restricts the broach motion such that it is always aligned with the femoral axis while the broach machines the metaphyseal bone. Conventional broaches and the modified broach applied to 5 pair of fresh-frozen cadaver femurs and its spatial motion was measured with motion tracker. Rotations in coronal, saggital and frontal plane during the final 10 mm of broach advance were measured. RESULTS: 2.4..of axial rotation was occurred during final 10 mm advance of broach in the conventional method, which was the largest component of the rotation. Rotation of the broach during machining was decreased to 37% (p=0.075) and 25% (p=0.042) in the sagittal plane and coronal plane, respectively, by proposed method. CONCLUSION: The canal guide in the proposed method significantly reduced the rotation of the broach without any extra incision or measurement devices, resulting in increased accuracy in the femoral canal shaping.
Arthroplasty ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Cadaver ; Femur ; Hip