Introduction: the background and importance of present research work consists on demonstrating how the drug substance digestion changes depending from the media of fluid to be taken. Purpose: consists in comparative study of solution of the diclofenac sodium film coated tablets, produced in various countries, in different solvent media by the in vitro method. Materials and Methods: the solution research of each 50mg total 54 pieces of film coated diclofenac sodium, produced in three different factories such as A, B and C, was conducted in three different medias in juice (pH=3.8); distilled water (pH=6.7) and mineral water (pH=6). The solution was determined in centrifuge and measured 276 nm in spectrophotometer. Result: the solution of 50mg diclofenac sodium film coated tablet, produced in three different countries such as A,B and C: • The amount of drug substance released in the distilled water (pH=6.7) media has been counted in 15 minutes after begin of solution process the A factory-66%, the B factory-58% and the C factory-20%. At continuation of duration of solution had in 30 minutes the A factory-80%, the B factory-86%, the C factory-72%; in 45 minutes the A factory-82%; the B factory-88%; the C factory-66%; in 60 minutes the A factory-82%; the B factory-82%; the C factory-72% each respectively. • The amount of drug substance released in the juice (pH=3.8) media has been counted in 15 minutes after begin of solution process the A factory-50%, the B factory-42% and the C factory-60%. At continuation of duration of solution had in 30 minutes the A factory-82%, the B factory-40%, the C factory-72%; in 45 minutes the A factory-80%; the B factory-44%; the C factory-38%; in 60 minutes the A factory-56%; the B factory-66%; the C factory-58% each respectively. • The amount of drug substance released in the mineral water (pH=6) media has been counted in 15 minutes after begin of solution process the A factory-54%, the B factory-30% and the C factory-10%. At continuation of duration of solution had in 30 minutes the A factory-66%, the B factory-62%, the C factory-36%; in 45 minutes the A factory-82%; the B factory-82%; the C factory-38%; in 60 minutes the A factory-74%; the B factory-84%; the C factory-74% each respectively. Conclusion: from the above-mentioned experiment it is evident that the solution of the diclofenac sodium film coated tablet, produced in different countries, in different solvent media as distilled water, juice and mineral water is relatively different. It has showed how important is to take into account the auxiliary substance quality contained in current drug at choosing the fluid to be taken after the drug. Bibliography: - “Drug analysis” D. Dungerdorj, Z.Anuu 2012 - “Bioformation” A.I. Tikhonov, T.G. Yarnykh, I.A. Zupanets, O.S. Danikevich, E.E. Bogutskaya, N.V. Bezdetko, Yu.N. Azarenko 2003

Mental health team includes a psychiatrist, a psychiatric nurse, psychologist and social workers. Mental health workers are more stressful than other sector’s workers. Mental workers are working with mental patients, who have chronic,severe and poor prognosis disorders for long time, and may have Work Burnout Syndrome (WBS). Worldwide, many researches are used Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) for assessing WBS. Our goal was to detect risk factors of WBS among mental health workers. We conducted the survey among workers mental (doctors, nurses and assistant nurses) and study design was a descriptive cross-sectional. We are used a questionnaire, is including MBI. Our subjects were 103 workers, who were 27 (26,2%) doctors, 32 (31,1%) nursesand 44 (42,75) nurse- assistant. They were 15 (14,6%) male and 88 (85,4%) female and average age was 38.21 (SD = 8.92). The worker’s average professional working year was 13.09 (SD = 9.76). Most of subjects (n=63 61.2%) were shift-workers and they (n=99 96.1%) have high workload. We determined 3 groups by level of MBS among mental workers, such as the group with EE’s high scale (n = 27; 27%), thegroup with DP’s high scale (n = 23; 22.8%) and the group with PA’s high scale (n = 50; 50.5%).MBS was high among NMHC’s workers. However their work time is low, but theyhave risk factors for MBI such as high workloads, shift work, number of patients. Workers of emergency department had termination burnout syndrome more than other acute departments. This was associated with working condition.

Background. The abuse experiences can change the normal development of the child with the consequences being visible after many years even throughout the whole life. The relation between childhood abuse and the psychiatric disorder in adulthood is reported in a great number of epidemiological studies and researches based on the clinical population surveillance. Numerous studies have significantly expressed the relation between childhood abuse and anxiety, the development of anxiety disorders. Limited research has shown a possible association between exposures to child abuse the risk of developing physical parameter changes as an adult.Goal. To study anxiety and some physical parameters among abused adolescentsMaterials and Method. There were selected46 abused children and 48 non abused children aged between 11-16 years old. The Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS; Spence, 1997) is a38-item selfreport questionnaire that assesses multiple symptoms of childhood anxiety disorders based on current diagnosticcriteria. The height, weight, heart rate, breath rate and blood pressure of all participants in the study were measured according to standardized methodology.Results. Average age of all subjects in the study was13.51±1.61 and 60% of them were female and 41% male. All anxiety symptoms of case group was statistically significance higher (p<0.01) than the control group. Significantly more abused children (147.09±10.16) showed stunting compared to 4 sm of non-abused (151.53±10.26).Conclusion. In the present study, abused children were 2.8 times as likely as children with no maltreatment. Also significant stunting was found among abused children identified does differ from the growth of children who are not abused.

Background: In recent years, work-life balance has become a pressing issue for healthcare workers in many developing countries around the world. An imbalance between work and personal life leads to psychological stress, health problems, loss of self-confidence, job dissatisfaction, and decreased work productivity due to an inability to concentrate. It also results in a decline in the quality of treatment and services. Furthermore, it increases the risk of medical errors and con tributes to both physical and mental burnout, ultimately leading to resignation. Aim: The study analyzed the work-life balance and turnover intentions of employees at family health centers. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted using a cross-sectional model and a quantitative survey method. The work-life balance of employees at Family Health Centers was examined using the work-life balance assessment question naire developed by Hayman (2005), and turnover intentions were assessed using the standard questionnaire developed by Auerbach et al. (2014). The research was carried out in 2024. The study included 123 employees from 22 Family Health Centers located in the Bayangol, Bayanzurkh, Sukhbaatar, Songinokhairkhan, Khan-Uul, and Chingeltei districts of Ulaanbaatar. Results: Of the participants, 95.1% were female, with an average age of 35.2±9.5. Among them, 55.3% were doctors, 29.3% were nurses, 9.8% were health social workers, and 5.7% were other non-medical staff. The income of Family Health Center employees was found to be insufficient; 8.9% had incomes below the minimum subsistence level, and their ability to meet basic household needs was very limited. The results show that participants’ work negatively impacted their personal life (WIPL–23.5), and personal life negatively affected their work (PLIW–15), both of which scored high. Meanwhile, the positive interaction between work and personal life (WPLE–10.7) was low, indicating a disruption in their work-life balance. Working overtime was statistically significant in relation to work-life imbalance (p=0.038). As age and years worked at the current organization increased, the negative impact of work on personal life and personal life on work tended to decrease. Conclusion The work-life balance of Family Health Center employees has been disrupted. The level of work negatively affecting personal life and personal life negatively affecting work is high. 65% of Family Health Center employees are considering leaving their current organization, and 41% are considering leaving the healthcare field.

Background: Establishment of quantitative reference intervals of white blood cells and its subpopulations using a high accuracy analytic system is essential for clinical medicine, public health, and anthropology. We are unable to identify peer-reviewed literature sources describing white blood cell counts and their subpopulations using monoclonal antibodies to specific surface antigens in healthy Mongolians. This study aimed to measure the counts of white blood cells and their subpopulations in healthy Mongolians using flowcytometry. Materials and Methods: The absolute number (cell/L) of leukocytes (CD45+), granulocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes were measured by Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting Assay (MACSQuant Analyzer 10) in 287 blood donors (158 males and 129 females) 17-64 years of age (mean age 33.1±12.4). Peripheral blood samples were collected at the time of blood donation at the National Center for Transfusion Medicine. Results The mean values of leukocytes and granulocytes were lower in donors over 30 years of age (ANOVA: F=4.408, p=0.002 and F=5.685, p=0.001) and regression analysis demonstrated indirect correlation between counts of these cells and age of donors (r= - 0.198, p=0.001 and r=-0.221, p=0.001, respectively). Gender-related differences in white blood cell counts were not found.
Mean value of lymphocyte count in donors investigated in spring (May and March, n = 87; 2224.6±775.3) was significantly higher than those in winter (December – February, n=180; 1613.2±454.3, p=0.001) and autumn (October, n=20; 1576.1±438.6, p= 0.001).
Comparing of our findings with the data from available literature shown that healthy Mongolians have lower leukocyte count compared with Koreans, Chinese Han population and lower mean value of lymphocyte count comparing with Korean, Chinese Han population, and Arabian (Saudi Arabia) populations.

BACKGROUND: Toll like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that key role in the innate immune system. TLR7 is expressed on monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells, T cell, B cell and eosinophiles. TLR7, originally identified as recognizing imidaquinoline, loxibrine, broprimine and ssRNA, ssRNA viruses such as vesicular stomatitis virus, influenza A virus and human immunodefiency virus. It is known that virus ssRNA affects signaling molecule of IFN-y. Objective: To determine gene and protein activation of IFN-y signal transduction by TLR7 ligand in the endothelial cells. MATERIAL: In study we used mouse aortic linear endothelial cell which is cultured (END-D) in 5% heat- inactivated fetal calf serum (FCS), medium (DMEM) containing antibiotic mix(penicillin G, streptomycin, amphotericin B) at 37°C (5% CO2). Endothelial cells treated with synthetic IFN-γ and imiquimodligands, then the NO (nitric oxide) concentration in the supernatant is determined by Griess reagent. Endothelial cells are cultured in 6 well cell culture plate and in each well 2*104cells are expected to be grown for 24 hours of culture. Then, the cells are treated with synthetic IFN-γ and имиквимод ligand for 6 hours and the NO signaling gene activation iNOS mRNA expression which is induced by IFN-γ is determined by RT-qPCR. Endothelial cells are cultured in 12 well cell culture plate and in each well 2*104 cells are expected to be grown for 18 hours of culture. Then, the cells are treated with synthetic IFN-γ and imiquimodligands for 24 hours and the NO signaling protein iNOS expression which is induced by IFN-γ is determined by western blotting. The experiment was conducted as representation mean of at least three test results. The difference between statistical probabilities is determined by the “Students” t test. The p<0.01 value is assumed to be statistically different. RESULTS: TLR7 ligand imiquimodaugmented interferon gamma induced nitric oxide production TLR7 ligand imiquimodincreased interferon gamma induced iNOS mRNA gene expression. TLR7 ilgand imiquimodup-regulated interferon gamma induced iNOS protein expression. CONCLUSIONS: TLR7 ligand imiquimod augments IFN-γ signaling in the endothelial cells. This synergistic effect has revealed in the levels of gene and protein expression.

Introduction: Toll like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that key role in the innate immune system. The SOCS1 and SHP2 proteins are negative-feed loop inhibitors of signaling of JAK/STAT and TLRs pathways. Purpose: To determine negative regulator protein activation which is activated through TLR7 ligand/IFN-γ signal transduction in endothelial cells. Methods: We used mouse aortic linear endothelial cell (END-D); protein expressio was detected by western blotting Results: We analyzed a time dependent stimulation effects of negative regulator proteins stimulated by TLR7 ligand/IFN-γ in endothelial cell cultures. Imiquimod of 10 μg/ml treatment of 1 hr was followed by 100 ng/ml IFN-γ stimulation for 1-8hr to analysis of negative regulator SOCS1 and SHP2 protein expression.
In untreated cells, there was low activations of negative regulator SOCS1 and SHP2 proteins. IFN-γ stimulation alone had increased SOCS1 and SHP2 protein expressions, also imiquimod treatment highly elevated SOCS1 and SHP2 expressions. However imiquimod and IFN-γ doubled treatment have decreased activation of negative regulator SOCS1 and SHP2 proteins. These findings suggest SOCS1 and SHP2 proteins are inhibitors in the TLR7 ligand/IFN-γ signaling. Conclusion Negative regulators, SOCS1 and SHP2 strongly suppressed activations of TLR7 ligand/IFN-γ signaling

Introduction: The aim of this research project is to elucidate the crosstalk of innate and adaptive immune reactions against the DNA containing bacteria. : This study held in the Core laboratory, Science Technology Center, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences (MNUMS). Murine aortal endothelial cells, END-D cultured and the cell viability checked by MTT assay. In addition, the NO production, protein and gene expression studied by Griess Reagent assay, R.T-PCR and immunoblotting, respectively. Results: 0.1µM, 1µM and 10µM of TLR9 ligand exhibited no cytotoxic action against the cells by MTT assay. IFN-ү alone induced NO production in END-D cells. In the other hand, TLR9 ligand at 0.1µM, 1µM and 10µM up-regulated IFN-ү induced NO production in dose dependent manner. RTPCR results exhibit that TLR9 ligand up regulates iNOS mRNA. Immunoblotting analysis showed the enhanced iNOS protein expression and phosphorylation of STAT1 in cells pre-treated with TLR9 ligand. Discussion: We have demonstrated CpG DNA, TLR9 ligand, up-regulates IFN-ү induced NO via enhanced IFN-ү signaling. The result of Western Blotting and RT-PCR support the up-regulation of NO. CpG DNA can be used as agent against virus and bacteria. Further research need to be conducted. Conclusion TLR9 ligand, CpG DNA up-regulates IFN-ү induced NO production in time and dose dependent manner. TLR9 ligand augments the expression of iNOS mRNA and STAT1 phosphorylation in response to IFN-ү.

Background: The first confirmed case of COVID-19 in Mongolia was reported on November 11, 2020. In response, the government imposed a nationwide lockdown, which significantly impacted the population’s mental health. Heightened levels of stress, anxiety, loneliness, and depression during the pandemic altered individuals’ psychological stability and behavior. Personality traits—defined as relatively stable patterns of emotion, cognition, and behavior—play a key role in stress responses and emotional regulation under pressure. Emerging evidence suggests that these psychological factors may influence the immune system’s responsiveness, including vaccine-induced antibody production. Aim: To evaluate the association between post-vaccination antibody responses and personality types following two doses of COVID-19 vaccines. Materials and Methods: A total of 738 participants who received two doses of COVID-19 vaccines (AstraZeneca ChAdOx1, n=29; Pfizer-BioNTech, n=119; Sinopharm BBIBP, n=590) and had no prior SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled. Serum samples were collected 21–28 days after the second dose, and SARS-CoV-2 RBD (S) IgG antibodies were measured using ELISA (Proteintech Inc., USA). Personality types were assessed using a 56-item temperament questionnaire developed by A. Belov, categorizing individuals into classical temperament types (choleric, phlegmatic, sanguine, melancholic). Logistic regression and ROC analysis were used to examine associations between personality types and antibody response. Results: The presence of an antibody response was significantly higher among individuals with a melancholic tempera ment, and significantly lower among those with a phlegmatic temperament. Furthermore, antibody titers were higher in participants with melancholic and sanguine temperaments and lower in those with a phlegmatic type. Conclusions 1. During the early period following the second dose of COVID-19 vaccination, the antibody response was higher in individuals with a pure melancholic temperament, while it was lower in those with a phlegmatic temperament. 2. After the second dose of the Sinopharm BBIBP COVID-19 vaccine, antibody titers were higher in individuals with pure melancholic and sanguine temperaments, and lower in those with a phlegmatic temperament.