OBJECTIVE: To make a summary of the quality control, chemical constituents, pharmacology and clinical applications of Dendrobium officinale Kimura. et Migo, thus to provide scientific and theoretical basis for expanding the application of Dendrobium officinale. METHODS: Recent literatures were reviewed, and the key information was extracted, classified and summarized. RESULTS: The quality control should be improved, the research of chemical constituents and pharmacology was relatively thorough and that of clinical applications was insufficient. CONCLUSION: The mechanism and the chemical substances should be researched further so that the application of Dendrobium officinale can be expanded.

In this article, 2 IHE integration profiles-RID integration profile and XDS integration profile, which are adopted widely in the applications of healthcare information exchange, are introduced and compared with each other in applicable occasions. In addition, their current developing status and prospects are give from the technical view.
Informatics ; instrumentation ; methods ; Systems Integration

This paper briefly introduces the history, definitions of some important words, working process, key concepts, connectathon testing, implementation of IHE, which can be regarded as an entry guide of IHE.
Informatics ; instrumentation ; methods ; Systems Integration

Introduction: None of the quantitative scale for public attitudes toward epilepsy was translated to Chinese language. This study aimed to translate and test the validity and reliability of a Chinese version of the Public Attitudes Toward Epilepsy (PATE) scale. Methods: The translation was performed according to standard principles and tested in 140 Chinese-speaking adults aged more than 18 years for psychometric validation. Results: The items in each domain had similar standard deviations (equal item variance), ranged from 0.85-0.95 in personal domain and 0.75-1.04 in general domain. The correlation between an item and its domain was 0.4 and above for all, and higher than the correlation with the other domain. Multitrait analysis showed the Chinese PATE had a similar variance, floor and ceiling effects, and relative relationship between the domains, as the original PATE. The Chinese PATE scale showed a similar correlation with almost all demographic variable except age. Item means were generally clustered in the factor analysis as hypothesized. The Cronbach’s α values was within acceptable range (0.773) in the personal domain and satisfactory range (0.693) in the general domain. Conclusion: The Chinese PATE scale is a validated and reliable translated version in measuring the public attitudes toward epilepsy.

OBJECTIVE: To study bioavailability of puerarin (Pue) in rats and learn the biodistribution of pue in mice, the different size range of puerarin (Pue) nanoemulsion (NE) were prepared. METHODS: Rats were fed five different particle sizes Pue NE, mice were fed three different particle sizes Pue NE, respectively. The RP-HPLC method was established to determine the pue levels in the plasma and other tissues. The tissues distribution and targeting efficiency were evaluated by pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC, MRT) and targeting parameters. RESULTS: The pharmacokinetic parameters from the known, the particle size are (10.3 ± 1.7), (24.8 ± 2.3), (38.7 ± 3.0), (54.6 ± 6.0), (98.4 ± 9.8) nm, AUC values were (16.79 ± 3.67), (20.20 ± 4.23), (30.16 ± 5.78), (36.77 ± 3.98), (32.69 ± 4.041) μg · h · mL-1. In contrast to pue suspension group, NE showed a higher targeting efficiency in the Kidney and lung. The AUC of Pue in the liver and spleen were 5-6 times and the MRT were 2-3 times, respectively. CONCLUSION: In a certain size range (10-60 nm), the smaller the particle size, the smaller bioavailability. NE shows a higher targeting efficiency in the lung and kidney.

OBJECTIVETo explore the changes of metabolites in brain after treatment by analysis on 1H-MRS examination of the hippocampus and prefrontal lobe in the healthy volunteers and the depression patients.

METHODSSeventy-five cases of mild and moderate depression were randomly divided into groups A, B and C, 25 cases in each group. The group A was treated with oral administration of Prozac capsule, 20 mg/d; the group B by electroacupuncture for 30-40 min and the needle was retained for 1 h, once each day, with main points Baihui (GV 20), Yin-tang (GV 29) and adjuvant acupoints selected; the group C by combination of the treatment methods in the groups A and B. They were treated for 6 weeks. Use PROBE-J sequence at the MRI system on Single Voxel of ROI of each lateral of hippocampus and frontal lobe in the depression patients of the 3 groups. Compare the differences of N-acetylasp artate/creatine (NAA/Cr) and choline/creatine (Cho/Cr) between the healthy volunteers and the patients before and after treatment.

RESULTSBefore treatment, NAA/Cr in the bilateral hippocampus decreased in the 3 groups as compared with the control group, and after treatment, NAA/Cr in the bilateral hippocampus of the group B and in the right hippocampus of the group C increased compared with that before treatment (P < 0.05), and NAA/Cr in the left hippocampus of the group C significantly increased as compared with that before treatment (P < 0.01). Before treatment, Cho/Cr in the bilateral prefrontal lobe in the 3 groups increased as compared with that in the control group (P < 0.05), after treatment, Cho/Cr in the bilateral prefrontal lobes of the groups A, B and C significantly decreased as compared with that before treatment (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThere are differences in contents of metabolites in corresponding parts in bilateral frontal lobes and hippocampus between the depression patient and healthy person.

Adult ; Choline ; metabolism ; Creatine ; metabolism ; Depression ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; therapy ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Frontal Lobe ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radiography ; Young Adult

Objective: To study the relations between neck/shoulder or low back pain and their daily behavioral habits among middle school students in Shenzhen. Methods: We randomly chose 3 952 students from 10 high schools in Shenzhen to complete the questionnaires. Data was gathered and analyzed, using the IBM SPSS 23.0. Results: Of the 3 952 participants, 20.3% had neck/shoulder pain and 15.2% had low back pain. Among students experienced neck/shoulder pain, female (25.3%), high school (24.5%) and boarding students (24.4%) experienced higher rates of neck/shoulder pain (P<0.05). Female students (17.9%) also had higher rate of low back pain (P<0.05). Results from logistic regression analysis showed that factors as: gender, type of school, taking naps on the desk, staying up late, self-perceived stress from learning, overloading homework, time spent on mobile phone and TV, spending long time on computer etc. were related to the neck/shoulder pain (P<0.05). Factors as: gender, naps on the desk, stay up late, self-perceived stress, overloading homework, time spent on mobile phone and TV etc., were related to low back pain (P<0.05). Conclusion: Neck/shoulder pain and low back pain were both commonly seen while high self-perceived stress, sedentary behaviors and poor sleeping habits were associated with both neck/shoulder and low back pain in high school students in Shenzhen.
Female ; Habits ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; Neck Pain ; Risk Factors ; Schools ; Shoulder ; Shoulder Pain ; Sleep ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE：To investigate the contents of 5 kinds of heavy metal as copper （Cu），arsenic（As），cadmium （Cd），mercury（Hg）and lead （Pb）in Yougui pills ，and to evaluate its safety risk. METHODS ：Using yttrium （89Y），indium （115In）and bismuth （209bi）as internal standard ，the contents of each element were determined by ICP-MS. ICP-MS condition included that atomization gas flow rate was 0.95 L/min，auxiliary gas flow rate was 1.2 L/min，plasma gas （argon）flow rate was 18 L/min，pump speed was 30 r/min. RF power of inductively coupled plasma was 1 200 W，the voltage in simulation stage was 1 750 V，the voltage in pulse stage was 1 300 V，the voltage of deflection device was －12 V，and the detector was in analog and pulse dual-mode. The determination methods of various elements were investigated ，and 45 batches of marketed Yougui pills were determined. Hazard index （HI）was used to analyze the non-carcinogenic risk of each element and calculate the maximum residual limit（MRL）of each element. RESULTS ：The linear range of Cu ，As，Cd，Hg and Pb ranged from 10-200，1-50，0.4-30，0.2-6 and 2-100 μg/L（all r＞0.999 0），respectively. The limits of quantitation were 0.67，0.23，0.20，0.07，0.27 μg/L. The limits of detection were 0.20，0.07，0.06，0.02，0.08 μg/L. RSDs of precision，stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 3.5％ （n＝6 or n＝5）. Average recoveries were 92.96％-100.89％（RSD＝2.23％-3.62％，n＝3）. Average contents of Cu ，As，Cd，Hg and Pb in 45 batches of Yougui pills were 2.72，0.28，0.07，0.05，0.62 mg/kg，and superimposed HI of each element was less than 1. The contents of 5 kinds of heavy metals in Yougui pills were lower than the proposed MRL （MRL of Cu ，As，Cd，Hg and Pb were 20，2，1，0.2，5 mg/kg or 111.11，4.44，2.22，1.48，8.89 mg/kg respectively ）. CONCLUSIONS ：Established method can be used for the determination of content of 5 kinds of heavy metal in Yougui pills ；the heavy metal pollution rate of marketed Yougui pills is low and the safety risk is small.

Based on the approaches of TLC identification, HPLC for assaying managiferin, and of the determination of water, total ash and acid-insoluble ash in 12 samples, collected from southwest of China, the quality standard of Gentiana rhodantha has been established. The results show the reference materia medica and mangiferin can be both well used as reference substances for TLC identification; the mass fractions of mangiferin is 0.7%-4.4% (average 2.8%), water 6.1%-8.6% (average 7.2%), total ash 3.7%-10.8% (average 6.6%) and acid-insoluble ash 0.2%-2.7% (average 1.3%). The recommended standards of quantitative indexes are that the mass fractions of mangiferin is not less than 2.0%, and the water, total ash and acid-insoluble ash are not more than 9.0%, 8.0% and 3.0% respectively.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Gentiana ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children with congenital micrognathia using mandibular distraction osteogenesis and to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this approach.

METHODS6 patients (4 males, 2 females) had undergone mandibular distraction osteogenesis, 12 distraction devices were placed through extraoral incision for bilateral distraction. The mean age of treatment was 1 year and 9 months (range 4 months to 9 years). Every patient had been evaluated pre and postoperatively with cephalometry. The period of consolidation was 4 - 11 weeks. The period of follow-up was from 2 to 10 months.

RESULTSThe average distraction distance was 19.2 mm (range 15 to 25 mm). The osteotomy and distraction processes were smooth in all the cases, the osteogenesis was good, without infection and other complications. The posterior airway space was increased from averaged 4.5 mm preoperatively to 10. 1mm after surgery. Five children had normal respiration and sleep restored with naso-pharyngeal airway removal or tracheostomy decannulation. One patient is to receive a planned second stage of distraction with a horizontal vector. The results were stable without relapse during a follow-up period of 2 to 10 months.

CONCLUSIONSApplication of mandibular distraction osteogenesis is an important component and effective in the treatment of OSAS and permits mandibular advancement in the younger child. As more experience is gained with distraction osteogenesis in the treatment of children with OSAS, the role of distraction will become better defined.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Micrognathism ; complications ; surgery ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; methods ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; complications ; surgery