OBJECTIVE: The brain TXA(2) and PGI(2) levels in a new rodent model of impact acceleration diffuse brain injury alone and with hypotention and hyperthermia in combination were observed to look into the relationship between TXA(2), PGI(2) levels and different types of head injury. METHODS: Thirty-two SD rats were randomized into sham, head injury alone, secondary insult alone and head injury with secondary insult groups. At 4 hours after injury or experiment, all the rats were decapitated and their brains were sampled for radioimmunoassay (RIA) measurement. RESULTS: Compared with that of sham group there were no changes in TXA(2) and PGI(2) levels in injury alone group while there was a significant augmentation in PGI(2) level in insult alone group. Both TXA(2) and PGI(2) level in injury with secondary insult group increased significantly in comparison with that of sham at 4 hours postimpact. CONCLUSIONS: PGI(2) providing energy and precursors to the injured tissue and producing some vasoactive arachidonic products, especially TXA(2), is closely connected to the severity of brain damage.

Cesarean hysterectomy is associated with high risks of severe blood loss, postoperative complication, and maternal morbidity. This study was undertaken to identify the risk factors of cesarean hysterectomy and to reduce the postoperative complications and maternal morbidity. There were 6,362 deliveries between January 1992 and December 1996 at department of obstetrics and gynecology, Inchon Christian Hospital. 1'he results of this study were as follows, 15 cases of cesarean hysterectomy were performed during this period. Cesarean hysterectomy was performed in 10 cases (0.32 %) among 3178 cesarean deliveries and in 5 cases (0.16 %) among 3184 vaginal deliveries. The incidence of cesarean hysterectomy was 0.24 % (15/6,362). The age of patients ranged from 24 to 38 years old. The maternal mortality and morbidity were 0 % (0/15) and 86.7% (13/15), respectively. Indications for cesarean hysterectomy were uterine atony (53.3 %), uterine myoma with pregnancy (20.0 %), placenta accreta and/or increta(20.0 %), and placenta previa (6.7 %) in orders. The associated risk factors of cesarean hysterectomy were prior cesarean delivery (46.7 %) and placenta previa (6.7 %). The postoperative complications were anemia (60.0%), febrile morbidity (13.3 %), paralytic ileus (6.7 %), and wound disruption (6.7 %). We concluded that risk factors of cesarean hysterectomy were cesarean delivery, prior cesarean delivery, uterine myoma with pregnancy, placenta accreta and/or increta, and placenta previa and that sufficient fresh blood and careful prenatal care were needed in risk group of postpartum bleeding.
Adult ; Anemia ; Gynecology ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hysterectomy* ; Incheon ; Incidence ; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction ; Leiomyoma ; Maternal Mortality ; Obstetrics ; Placenta Accreta ; Placenta Previa ; Postoperative Complications ; Postoperative Hemorrhage ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Care ; Risk Factors ; Uterine Inertia ; Wounds and Injuries

OBJECTIVEFurther studies have been conducted to evaluate the roles of Ngn3 in adult islet maintenance and renewal.

METHODSIslets were isolated from 6 - 8 week old male C57BL/6 mice. After common bile duct cannulation, the pancreas was resected and digested in collagenase V (2.5 mg/ml). Islets were then handpicked and 10 - 12 islets were plated in 60 mm culture dish and cultivated with RPMI-1640, which contained 12.5 mmol/L HEPES, 5.2 mmol/L glucose and 2% fetal bovine serum (FBS). Islet cells were analyzed by immunocytochemistry methods for A6, insulin, glucagon, nestin, Ngn3 and 5-bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine (BrdU).

RESULTSThe results of these studies indicated that less than 15 percent of proliferated islet cells were Ngn3 expressing cells, in which about one third of the Ngn3 positive cells co-expressed A6. The existence of Ngn3 in cultured islet cells is consistent with the results from other's findings both in embryogenesis and adult islet studies. A significant finding of our study is that the existence of A6 and Ngn3 co-expressing cells in the cultured islet. A6 is a marker for identifying bile duct epithelial cell oriented hepatic progenitor cells. Islet-derived A6 cells are possibly born in the adult pancreatic duct and migrate into islets. A6 cells co-express Ngn3 when these cells commit to endocrine lineage within the islets. More interestingly, islet-derived A6 positive cells have the potential to transdifferentiate into hepatic cells.

CONCLUSIONThe presence of Ngn3(+) and A6(+) cells in the cultured islets suggests that the four established islet cell types arise from a common endocrine lineage residing within the adult islets. A6 and Ngn3 are useful markers for understanding intra-islet adult stem cell lineages in our future studies. This approach may allow for significant advances in understanding the IPC proliferation and differentiation, and open the possibility of using intra-islet adult stem cells for diabetes treatment.

Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Lineage ; Cells, Cultured ; Islets of Langerhans ; cytology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microfilament Proteins ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; biosynthesis ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; metabolism

Objective: To describe the situation of insufficient sleep and the association between insufficient sleep and physical exercise, among Chinese Han students aged 9-18 years. Methods: We selected 172 197 Chinese Han students aged 9-18 years from the project 2014 Chinese National Survey on Students Constitution and Health. The average sleep duration per day of less than 9 h for children aged 9-12 years and of less than 8 h for adolescents aged 13-18 years, were defined as insufficient sleep. We described the distribution of sleep duration and the prevalence rates of insufficient sleep for each subgroup. Logistic regression models were established to assess the association between insufficient sleep and physical exercise. Results: In 2014, 6.6%, 30.8%, 26.3%, 20.8%, 13.8% and 1.8% of the Chinese Han students self-reported sleep duration were <6, 6-, 7-, 8- and ≥10 h, respectively. The overall prevalence rate of insufficient sleep was 77.2%, with 75.8% for boys and 78.6% for girls. No gender disparity was found at each 9-11 age groups. However, in the 12-18 age groups, the prevalence rates for girls were significantly higher than that for boys. The prevalence rates of insufficient sleep for primary school, middle school and high school students were66.6%, 74.1% and 93.8%, respectively. Rates were increasing with age for children aged 9-12 years and adolescents aged 13-18 years respectively. The three provinces with the lowest prevalence rates of insufficient sleep were Zhejiang (68.8%), Jiangsu (66.7%) and Shaanxi (65.2%). Data from the logistic regression models revealed that, when comparing to those students with only exercise of <0.5 h per day, the exercise hours of 0.5-1 h (OR=0.72, 95%CI: 0.69-0.74) or ≥1 h (OR=0.46, 95%CI: 0.44-0.47) per day seemed as protective factors for insufficient sleep. When compared with physical exercise frequency <2 times per week, the 2 times (OR=0.82, 95%CI: 0.78-0.86) or >2 times (OR=0.65, 95%CI: 0.62-0.68) frequencies also appeared as protective. Conclusions: The prevalence rate of insufficient sleep prevailing among students aged 9-18 years was high, in China. Our data called for setting up effective measures to deal with this situation.
Adolescent ; Asian People/statistics & numerical data* ; Child ; China ; Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Schools ; Sleep ; Sleep Deprivation ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Identification of prognosis-related risk factors and accurate assessment of risk stratification in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is of great significance not only for establishing a reliable prognostic model and developing a follow-up plan but also for selecting potential populations benefiting from neoadjuvant therapies. Although several risk stratification models have been established, it is still challenging to accurately assess patients' risk of recurrence, and the performance of these prediction models still needs to be improved. This review focused on the latest studies in recurrence risk assessment for GIST patients, and summarized potential predictive markers and recurrence risk models related to tumor-related characteristic parameters, novel laboratory examinations, radiological imaging signatures and molecular pathological features, which could provide a reference for accurate risk stratification and individualized targeted therapies for GIST patients.
Humans ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/surgery* ; Risk Assessment ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo characterize the incidence, epidemiologic features, etiologic agents and sequelae of bacterial meningitis in children under 5 years of age in Nanning, Guangxi.

METHODSA population-based surveillance was conducted to evaluate children with signs and symptoms of meningitis. All hospitals, township health centers and village clinics in the surveillance area were structured to participate in the case referral and evaluation. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood specimens were obtained and processed using standardized microbiologic methods.

RESULTSDuring the 26-month surveillance period, among the children under 5 years old, a total of 1272 cases who met the screening criteria of meningitis were studied. 265 of 1272 cases were identified as clinically diagnosed meningitis, with an incidence rate of 86.36 per 100 000 population. The annual incidence rate under the 38 cases of confirmed bacterial meningitis appeared to be 12.38/100 000. Staphylococcus species accounted for the largest proportion of laboratory-confirmed bacterial meningitis, followed by E. coli and S. pneumoniae. The highest attack rate occurred in neonates < 1 month, followed by children aged 1 - 12 months in the confirmed patients. Meningitis caused by Sp and Hi mainly occurred in children aged 1 - 12 months. All cases of meningitis due to Hi and Sp were children aged 1 - 24 months. 13.16% and 0.00% of the cases survived with complications and sequelae, and the case-fatality rate was 18.42%. 40 bacterial isolates were identified from 1193 blood cultures and 23 from 1211 cerebrospinal fluid samples, but no Neisseria meningitidis was found.

CONCLUSIONMeningitis due to Hi was first confirmed in Guangxi with the incidence of 0.98 per 100 000 population. The annual incidence rate of confirmed bacterial meningitis was 12.38 per 100 000, which was considered an important public health problem in children. Staphylococci was the predominant pathogen in confirmed bacterial meningitis.

Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Meningitis, Bacterial ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Meningitis, Escherichia coli ; epidemiology ; Meningitis, Haemophilus ; epidemiology ; Population Surveillance ; Staphylococcal Infections ; epidemiology

The process of globalization increases the risk of global transmission of infectious diseases, resulting in pressure for country's prevention and control of imported infectious disease. Based on the risk assessment of disease importation and local transmission, a strategy that conducting importation prevention and routine prevention and control before the importation of disease and taking emergency control measures after the importation of disease was developed. In addition, it is important to take part in global infectious disease response action, aid the countries with outbreak or epidemic to actively decrease the risk of disease importation.
Communicable Diseases ; Communicable Diseases, Imported/transmission* ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control* ; Epidemics ; Global Health ; Humans ; Risk Assessment ; Travel

Objective: To investigate the distribution patterns of mosquitoes, midges and related arboviruses in Sichuan province. Methods: Blood-sucking insects were collected from houses and pens, using the ultraviolet lights. Mosquito samples were classified according to morphologic characteristics and then stored at liquid nitrogen. All samples were incubated with BHK-21 and C6/36 cells for virus isolation and then detected for their viral genes. Sequences of the virus were identified and analyzed by molecular biological software, such as BioEdit 7.0.5.3, MEGA 6.0. Results: In total, 17 019 mosquitoes from 3 genera and 4 species and 12 700 midges were collected from the southeast regions of Sichuan province in 2016 and 2017. Among them, 79.4% (13 519/17 019) belonged to Culex tritaeniorhynchus with 11.1% (1 897/17 019) as Armigeres subalbatus, 5.5% (930/17 019) were Anopheles sinensis and 4.0% (673/17 019) were Anopheles sinensis 3 virus strains that isolated from Culex tritaeniorhynchus were identified as typeⅠ Japanese encephalitis virus. Seven pools of mosquitoes isolated from Hejiang county were identified Japanese encephalitis virus gene positive through PCR amplification. With 4 pool midges were detected positive for Akabane virus through PCR gene amplification while midges samples didn't have virus isolates. Conclusions: Culex tritaeniorhynchus appeared the predominant species in the southeast regions of Sichuan. Japanese encephalitis virus transmitted by mosquitoes and Akabane virus by midges were prevalent in southeast Sichuan province.
Animals ; Arboviruses ; Culicidae ; Encephalitis Virus, Japanese/isolation & purification* ; Encephalitis, Japanese/diagnosis* ; Genes, Viral ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

Objective: To explore the application of manual screening collaborated with the Artificial Intelligence TPS-Assisted Cytologic Screening System in urinary exfoliative cytology and its clinical values. Methods: A total of 3 033 urine exfoliated cytology samples were collected at the Henan People's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Liquid-based thin-layer cytology was prepared. The slides were manually read under the microscope and digitally presented using a scanner. The intelligent identification and analysis were carried out using an artificial intelligence TPS assisted screening system. The Paris Report Classification System of Urinary Exfoliated Cytology 2022 was used as the evaluation standard. Atypical urothelial cells and even higher grade lesions were considered as positive when evaluating the recognition sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence-assisted screening systems and human-machine collaborative cytologic screening methods in urine exfoliative cytology. Among the collected cases, there were also 1 100 pathological tissue controls. Results: The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the AI-assisted cytologic screening system were 77.18%, 90.79% and 69.49%; those of human-machine coordination method were 92.89%, 99.63% and 89.09%, respectively. Compared with the histopathological results, the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of manual reading were 79.82%, 74.20% and 95.80%, respectively, while those of AI-assisted cytologic screening system were 93.45%, 93.73% and 92.66%, respectively. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of human-machine coordination method were 95.36%, 95.21% and 95.80%, respectively. Both cytological and histological controls showed that human-machine coordination review method had higher diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity, and lower false negative rates. Conclusions: The artificial intelligence TPS assisted cytologic screening system has achieved acceptable accuracy in urine exfoliation cytologic screening. The combination of manual screening and artificial intelligence TPS assisted screening system can effectively improve the sensitivity and accuracy of cytologic screening and reduce the risk of misdiagnosis.
Humans ; Artificial Intelligence ; Urothelium/pathology* ; Cytodiagnosis ; Epithelial Cells/pathology* ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Urologic Neoplasms/urine*