Objective To investigate the analgesic effect and the in vitro anticoagulation activity of Ento-I, along with its protective effect against the formation of collagen- adrenaline induced thrombus. Methods The threshold of pain in mice was deter mined with the method of hot plate. Mice thrombogenesis induced by collagen-epinephrine mixture injected through tail-vein was adopted for observing the mortality, hemiplegia recovery rates, hemiplegia formation time, survival time and time for hemiplegia recovery in mice to evaluate the protective effects of test drugs against thrombus in vivo. Anticoagulation effects of test drugs were detected by measuring the thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT), and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of rabbits with in vitro clotting model. Results The experiment of hot plate for analgesia showed that compared with those of normal control group Ento-I plastic could significantly prolong pain thresholds in mice at 30, 60 and 90 min after final administration (P<0.01). The mortality of collagen-epinephrine induced thrombotic hemiplegia was reduced while its recovery rates were significantly increased for mice administered Ento-I plastic (P<0.05). Compared with clopidogrel group, Ento-I plastic 2 mg/kg could effectively reduce the time for hemiplegia recovery (P<0.05). In addition, compared with substrate matrix group, Ento-I plastic (4.65 mg/kg) could significantly prolong TT, PT, and APTT in rabbit plasma (P<0.05, P<0.05 and P<0.01). Conclusion The Ento-I plastic possesses analgesic effect, anticoagulability and antithrombotic activity, and it may be a promising medicine for the treatment of thrombotic diseases.

Objective　To explore the risk factors and causes affecting the operative mortality in esophagectomy patients with esophageal can cer. Methods　1400 cases with a curative esophagectomy for neopl asm of esophagus hospitalized from Mar,1973 to June, 2000 were reviewed. There w ere 31 died within 30 d or during hospitalization after esophagectomy as a group , and 1 369 survival cases, after operation, as another group. Sixteen factors t hat may influence the operational mortality were selected. A multi-variate anal ysis of these individual variables was performed by the computer′s logistic reg ression model. Results　The operative mortality was 2.2%(31/1400 ). The causes of death included respiratory complication 17 cases (including res piratory failure caused by pneumonia or atelectasis), 15 cases, and adult respir atory distress syndrome (ARDS) 2 cases, the mortality was 54.8% in the death gro up), anastomotic leak 11 cases (34.5%), Chylothorax 2 cases (6.5%) and postopera tive digestive tract hemorrhage 1 case (3.2%). The results showed that the major risk factors that affected operative mortality in cases with esophageal cancer were history of long-herm heavy smoking, duration of operation and the year of operational (P<0.05). Conclusion　To minimize operative mort ality of esophagectomy, some means must be noticed, including the reinforcemen t of the perioperative care, the improvement of anastomotic methods and surgical skill, reduing operative time as p ossible, disposing pulmonary complications in time and using respirator if neces sary.

Objective:To explore the effect of somatosensory interactive games on lower-limb function after stroke. Methods:Randomized controlled trials (RCT) about the effectiveness of somatosensory interactive games on lower-limb function after stroke were retrieved from domestic and foreign databases, from inception to September, 2018. After literature quality evaluation, a meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.3. Results:A total of 414 patients were included in eleven articles. Compared with routine rehabilitation measures, somatosensory interactive games improved Berg Balance Scale scores (WMD = 1.75, 95%CI 0.95~2.54, P < 0.001), increased stride frequency (SMD = 1.21, 95%CI 0.03~2.38, P = 0.04), decreased the time of Timed Up and Go Test (WMD = -4.21, 95%CI -7.36~-0.89, P = 0.01), and improved the motor function of lower limbs (SMD = 0.66, 95%CI 0.15~1.17, P = 0.01), but worked less in pace (SMD = 0.05, 95%CI -0.98~1.09, P = 0.92) and 10-metre Maximum Walking Speed (WMD = 3.54, 95%CI -1.12~8.20, P = 0.14). Conclusion:Compared with the routine rehabilitation, somatosensory interactive games can improve balance, walking and motor function. However, it is needed to further research on the pace and speed.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy and remains incurable. The marked variation in survival of patients with symptomatic myeloma ranging from few months to more than 15 years can be explained by differences in tumor mass, proliferative activity and, more recently, by cytogenetic and molecular genetic characteristics of the myeloma clone. Oligonucleotide microarray-based gene expression analysis was applied to CD138-enriched plasma cells from newly diagnosed patients with symptomatic or progressive multiple myeloma treated with melphalan-based high-dose therapy. Here we discuss recent progress made in the development of molecular-based diagnostics and prognostics for MM from Myeloma Institute for Research and Therapy of University Arkansas for Medical Sciences, where we treat more patients with myeloma than anywhere else in the world. Seven distinct entities of myeloma were elucidated by genomic profiling. Expression extremes of 70 genes from a high-risk signature profile,30% of which were derived from chromosome 1, were strongly linked to disease-related survival. CKS1B located on chromosome 1q21, responsible for promoting cell cycle progression by inducing the degradation of p27Kip1, represented a strong candidate gene related to rapid patient death and was studied in detail. The data suggest that CKS1B influences myeloma cell growth and survival through SKP2j and P27(Kip1) -dependent and independent mechanisms and that therapeutic strategies aimed at abolishing CKS1B function may hold promise for the treatment of high-risk disease for which effective therapies are currently lacking.
Animals ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Microarray Analysis ; Multiple Myeloma ; genetics ; Plasma Cells ; metabolism ; Risk Factors

BACKGROUNDExposure of adult mice to more than 95% O(2) produces a lethal injury by 72 hours. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of murine hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Osteopontin (OPN) is a phosphorylated glycoprotein produced principally by macrophages. OPN inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which generates large amounts of nitric oxide production. However, the relationship between nitric oxide and endogenous OPN in lung tissue during hyperoxia-induced ALI has not yet been elucidated, thus we examined the role that OPN plays in the hyperoxia-induced lung injury and its relationships with NOS.

METHODSOne hundred and forty-four osteopontin knock-out (KO) mice and their matched wild type background control (WT) were exposed in sealed cages > 95% oxygen or room air for 24- 72 hours, and the severity of lung injury was assessed; expression of OPN, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and iNOS mRNA in lung tissues at 24, 48 and 72 hours of hyperoxia were studied by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed for the detection of iNOS, eNOS, and OPN protein in lung tissues.

RESULTSOPN KO mice developed more severe acute lung injury at 72 hours of hyperoxia. The wet/dry weight ratio increased to 6.85 +/- 0.66 in the KO mice at 72 hours of hyperoxia as compared to 5.31 +/- 0.92 in the WT group (P < 0.05). iNOS mRNA (48 hours: 1.04 +/- 0.08 vs. 0.63 +/- 0.09, P < 0.01; 72 hours: 0.89 +/- 0.08 vs. 0.72 +/- 0.09, P < 0.05) and eNOS mRNA (48 hours: 0.62 +/- 0.08 vs. 0.43 +/- 0.09, P < 0.05; 72 hours: 0.67 +/- 0.08 vs. 0.45 +/- 0.09, P < 0.05) expression was more significantly increased in OPN KO mice than their matched WT mice when exposed to hyperoxia. IHC study showed higher expression of iNOS (20.54 +/- 3.18 vs. 12.52 +/- 2.46, P < 0.05) and eNOS (19.83 +/- 5.64 vs. 9.45 +/- 3.82, P < 0.05) in lung tissues of OPN KO mice at 72 hours of hyperoxia.

CONCLUSIONOPN can protect against hyperoxia-induced lung injury by inhibiting NOS.

Animals ; Hyperoxia ; genetics ; physiopathology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung ; metabolism ; Lung Injury ; etiology ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; genetics ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; genetics ; Osteopontin ; genetics ; physiology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of polyethylene oxide (PEO) on microcirculation of normal rat hindlimb skeletal muscle.

METHODSSixteen male Wistar rats were anesthetized and equally and randomly divided into PEO group (administered with 10 ppm PEO solution) and control group (administered with equal volume of normal saline). The PEO solution or saline was separately injected through the caudal vein at a constant rate of 5 ml/h for 20 minutes. Using short axis view at right mid thigh region, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography was performed before and after the administration of solution. Electrocardiogram, blood pressure, and central venous pressure were also monitored.

RESULTSIn the PEO group, after the administration of PEO, microcirculation capillary volume increased from (20.78±2.63) dB to (22.40±1.94) dB (P=0.023), red blood cell velocity from (0.27±0.08) s-1 to (0.35±0.13) s-1(P=0.010), and capillary blood flow from (5.65±1.81) dB/s to (7.91±3.28) dB/s (P=0.013). In the control group, there were no significant changes in microcirculation capillary volume, red blood cell velocity, and capillary blood flow (all Pþ0.05) after the injection of normal saline. The changes of heart rates, blood pressures and central venous pressure were not significant after the administration of either PEO or saline (all Pþ0.05).

CONCLUSIONPEO can remarkably increase capillary volume, red blood cell velocity, and capillary blood flow in normal rat hindlimb skeletal muscle.

Animals ; Hindlimb ; blood supply ; Male ; Microcirculation ; drug effects ; Muscle, Skeletal ; blood supply ; Polyethylene Glycols ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the pre-clinical effect of YJ-XCC1Z3 on the treatment of depression with the mice mouse.

METHODYJ-XCC1Z3 was administered at the dose of 405 mg x kg(-1) and 135 mg x kg(-1) to observe the locomotor activity with the mouse locomotor activity recorder apparatus, to observe the effect of YJ-XCC1Z3 on the duration of immohility in the mouse forced swimming test and tail suspension test, to observe the effect of YJ-XCC1Z3 on the body temperature and the metabolism of monoamine neurotransmitters in mouse brain in the mouse model of reserpine induced hypothermia, and to observe the effect of YJ-XCC1 Z3 on the times of 5-HTP induced head-twitches in mice.

RESULTThere were no significant changes in the locomotor activity, but a significant reduction in the immobility time was observed in the mice treated with YJ-XCC1Z3 405 mg x kg(-1) and imipramine in the forced swimming test and the tail suspension test. YJ-XCC1Z3 135 mg x kg(-1) and 405 mg x kg(-1) could improve the range of reserpine induced hypothermia in mice, and the latter could also enhance the times of 5-HTP induced head-twitches in mice. YJ-XCC1Z3 405 mg x kg(-1) and 135 mg x kg(-1) could increase the content of 5-HT and NE and decrease the ratio of 5-HIAA/5-HT in mouse brain, but the dose of 405 mg x kg(-1) could decrease the content of DA. The dose of 405 mg x kg(-1) could increase the content of 5-HIAA and had no obvious effect on the content of HVA and DOPAC.

CONCLUSIONYJ-XCC1Z3 shows potent antidepressant effect by improving the behaviour of the mouse in depression and not inducing hyperlocomotion in the mice. This effect results in the increase of the content of 5-HT and NE in the mouse brain. YJ-XCC1Z3 can decrease the metabolism of 5-HT to effect the content of 5-HT.

Animals ; Antidepressive Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Atractylodes ; chemistry ; Brain ; metabolism ; Cyperus ; chemistry ; Depression ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Gardenia ; chemistry ; Immobility Response, Tonic ; drug effects ; Ligusticum ; chemistry ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Motor Activity ; drug effects ; Norepinephrine ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Serotonin ; metabolism

Ziel: Evaluation der Effektivit?t verschiedener Methodiken der TACE im tierexperimentellen Modell des hepatozellul?ren Karzinoms. Material und Methoden: Bei m?nnlichen ACI-Ratten (n=58) erfolgte die Implantation eines soliden Morris Hepatom 3924A (1 mm3) subkapsul?r in den Leberlappen. 12—14 Tage nach Implantation wurden die Tumorvolumina kernspintomographisch bestimmt. Nach Laparotomie und retrograder Katheterisierung der Arteria gastroduodenalis wurden anschlieend unterschiedliche Therapieprotokolle der TACE angewendet: (A) Mitomycin C (n=4), (B) Degradiere St?rke Mikrosph?ren (DSM) (n=4), (C) Mitomycin C+DSM (n=4), (D) Mitomycin C + Ligatur (n=5), (E) Mitomycin C+Lipiodol (n=5), (F) Mitomycin C+Lipiodol+Ligatur (n=4), (G) Mitomycin C+DSM+Ligatur (n=4), (H) Mitomycin C+Poly-Laktide-co-Glykolide (PLcG) (n=4), (I) DSM + Ligatur (n=4), (J) Lipiodol + Ligatur (n=4), (K) Ligatur (n=4), (L) Lipiodol (n=5), (M) 0,9% NaCl (Kontrollgruppe, n=7). Zur Effektivit?tsbeurteilung der verschiedenen Methodiken erfolgte 12—14 Tage nach Therapie eine erneute kernspintomographische Volumenbestimmung der Tumoren. Ergebnisse: Im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe zeigten Gruppe D, E, F, G, H und J eine statistisch signifikant (P<0.05) geringere Tumorvolumenzunahme, w?hrend Gruppe A, B, C, I, K, L keine statistisch signifikanten Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Tumorvolumenzunahme zeigten. Schlufolgerung: Die Effektivit?t der TACE im tierexperimentellen Modell des hepatozellul?ren Karzinoms wird nur bei kombinierter Applikation von Zytostatikum und Carrier/Ligatur signifikant erhoht. Die alleinige Applikation des Zytostatikums/der Carrier/Ligatur hatte keinen signifikanten Effekt bezuglich der Effektivit?t.

Ziel: Evaluation der Effektivit?t verschiedener Methodiken der TACE im tierexperimentellen Modell des hepatozellul?ren Karzinoms. Material und Methoden: Bei m?nnlichen ACI-Ratten (n=58) erfolgte die Implantation eines soliden Morris Hepatom 3924A (1 mm3) subkapsul?r in den Leberlappen. 12—14 Tage nach Implantation wurden die Tumorvolumina kernspintomographisch bestimmt. Nach Laparotomie und retrograder Katheterisierung der Arteria gastroduodenalis wurden anschlieend unterschiedliche Therapieprotokolle der TACE angewendet: (A) Mitomycin C (n=4), (B) Degradiere St?rke Mikrosph?ren (DSM) (n=4), (C) Mitomycin C+DSM (n=4), (D) Mitomycin C + Ligatur (n=5), (E) Mitomycin C+Lipiodol (n=5), (F) Mitomycin C+Lipiodol+Ligatur (n=4), (G) Mitomycin C+DSM+Ligatur (n=4), (H) Mitomycin C+Poly-Laktide-co-Glykolide (PLcG) (n=4), (I) DSM + Ligatur (n=4), (J) Lipiodol + Ligatur (n=4), (K) Ligatur (n=4), (L) Lipiodol (n=5), (M) 0,9% NaCl (Kontrollgruppe, n=7). Zur Effektivit?tsbeurteilung der verschiedenen Methodiken erfolgte 12—14 Tage nach Therapie eine erneute kernspintomographische Volumenbestimmung der Tumoren. Ergebnisse: Im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe zeigten Gruppe D, E, F, G, H und J eine statistisch signifikant (P<0.05) geringere Tumorvolumenzunahme, w?hrend Gruppe A, B, C, I, K, L keine statistisch signifikanten Unterschiede hinsichtlich der Tumorvolumenzunahme zeigten. Schlufolgerung: Die Effektivit?t der TACE im tierexperimentellen Modell des hepatozellul?ren Karzinoms wird nur bei kombinierter Applikation von Zytostatikum und Carrier/Ligatur signifikant erhoht. Die alleinige Applikation des Zytostatikums/der Carrier/Ligatur hatte keinen signifikanten Effekt bezuglich der Effektivit?t.

In China, the control and prevention programs on any disease has always been based on comprehensive strategies. Take influenza as an example, related contents would include: strengthening the surveillance, recommendation and promotion of vaccination, rational use of antiviral drugs, conducting outbreak investigation and control, and publicizing individual protective measures, etc. In terms of the response to challenges, specific proposals would include: adjustment of case reports, optimization of surveillance systems, reinforcement of vaccination recommendation by health care workers, improvement of access to vaccination, development of rapid diagnostic reagents, and rational use of antiviral drugs, etc.
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use* ; China/epidemiology* ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control* ; Health Personnel ; Humans ; Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage* ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control* ; Primary Prevention/organization & administration* ; Program Development ; Seasons ; Vaccination