Alpinia conchigera (small ginger) is a herbaceous plant that is usually used as an alternative treatment in the fi eld of traditional medicine. This study was conducted to evaluate the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mode of cell death of hexane extract of A. conchigera towards Chang liver cells. The 24 hours MTT assay as carried out to determine the viability percentage of Chang liver cells after being treated with hexane extract of A. conchigera. The results showed that there was a signifi cant decrease in cell viability (p < 0.05) and IC50 value of hexane extract of A. conchigera was 8.6 μg/ml compared to negative control. Based on this IC50 value, AO/PI staining was done to determine the mode of cell death in liver Chang cells by means of apoptosis or necrosis. The results showed that there was a signifi cant change (p < 0.05) for mode of Chang liver cells death through apoptosis compared to negative control. In this study, the evaluation of DNA damage was also done using alkaline comet assay. The IC10 and IC25 values of 4 μg/ml and 6 μg/ml respectively that were obtained in MTT assay were used. Chang liver cells were treated with A. conchigera hexane extract for 2 hours. There was a signifi cant change (p < 0.05) for percentage of DNA damage in treated group compared to negative control. As a conclusion, hexane extract of A. conchigera gave cytotoxic and genotoxic effect towards Chang liver cells as well as to induce cell death through apoptosis.
Cytotoxins

Genus of aspergilli are ubiquitous saprophytic molds in nature, which are recognized about 700 species, at least eight are pathologic for human. Pulmonary aspergillosis is rare disease, most frequent presenting as secondary invasion, and aspergillosis of the nasal cavity is the most common sites of the extrapulmonary aspergillosis. Predisposing factors for pulmonary aspergillosis are chronic lung disease, tuberculosis, antibiotics, cytotoxins and neoplasia, hematologic disorders, and histoplasmosis etc. Authors have experienced 10 cases of pulmonary aspergillosis and a case of aspergillosis of nasal cavity in Dept. of Pathol. Chosun univ. hospital and christian hospital from Feb. 1981 to July 1984. Patient of pulmonary aspergillosis are received surgical resection and survived well without complications.
Humans ; Cytotoxins

In the past decade, the median duration of survival among patients with advanced colorectal cancer has increased from 12 months to about 18 months, primarily as a results of the introduction of irinotecan and oxaliplatin. Advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of cancer have resulted in the discovery of new therapeutic interventions that target specific molecular abnormalities. Their specificity, and therefore their potential to bind preferentially and modify tumor-specific targets, sparing normal tissues and causing fewer side-effects compared to conventional cytotoxic agents, makes them an attractive therapeutic option. The future of this approach for the treatment of solid tumors is promising
Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Cytotoxins ; Humans

In the past decade, the median duration of survival among patients with advanced colorectal cancer has increased from 12 months to about 18 months, primarily as a results of the introduction of irinotecan and oxaliplatin. Advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of cancer have resulted in the discovery of new therapeutic interventions that target specific molecular abnormalities. Their specificity, and therefore their potential to bind preferentially and modify tumor-specific targets, sparing normal tissues and causing fewer side-effects compared to conventional cytotoxic agents, makes them an attractive therapeutic option. The future of this approach for the treatment of solid tumors is promising
Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Cytotoxins ; Humans

No Abstract Available.
Cytotoxins* ; Gram-Positive Bacteria* ; Perforin*

No Abstract Available.
Cytotoxins* ; Gram-Positive Bacteria* ; Perforin*

Investigation on anti-microorganism and cytotoxic properties of alkaloids from Crinum latigolium L. and Crinu asiaticum L. (Amaryllidaceae) growing in Vietnam and seven pure alkaloids from these plants. The total alkaloids from C.latifolium L. and C. asiaticum L/ showed a strong effect against Sarcina lutea while pratorinine was found to be active against Staphylococcus aureus. Among the evaluated alkaloids, lycorine showed a very strong cytotoxic activity on Hep-G2, RD and Fi and 1-O-acetyl – lycorine exhibited a moderate activity on Hep-G2. The remaining alkaloids were found not to be cytotoxic in all tested cell lines.
Alkaloids ; Cytotoxins ; Crinum ; Anti-Bacterial Agents

Pancreatic cancer has a high mortality rate and short survival as a result of the high incidence of metastatic disease at diagnosis, the fatal clinical course, and the lack of successful therapeutic strategies. Gemcitabine remains the only standard of care for this disease. Increasing combination therapies containing gemcitabine have been tested or are undergoing investigation. In the last decade, despite a number of clinical trials assessing novel cytotoxic agents and cell signaling inhibitors, the overall survival has reached a plateau that remains difficult to improve on. This review presents recent developments involving newer chemotherapeutic and molecular targeted agents, and identifies efforts for individualized treatment strategies.
Cytotoxins ; Deoxycytidine ; Incidence ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; Standard of Care

Pancreatic cancer has a high mortality rate and short survival as a result of the high incidence of metastatic disease at diagnosis, the fatal clinical course, and the lack of successful therapeutic strategies. Gemcitabine remains the only standard of care for this disease. Increasing combination therapies containing gemcitabine have been tested or are undergoing investigation. In the last decade, despite a number of clinical trials assessing novel cytotoxic agents and cell signaling inhibitors, the overall survival has reached a plateau that remains difficult to improve on. This review presents recent developments involving newer chemotherapeutic and molecular targeted agents, and identifies efforts for individualized treatment strategies.
Cytotoxins ; Deoxycytidine ; Incidence ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; Standard of Care

A 22-year old female patient with systemic lupus erythematosus presenting microangiopathic hemolytic anemia was treated with therapeutic plasma exchange 23 times. The patient's condition and laboratory findings (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, ferritin, total bilirubin, and lactate dehydrogenase) did not improve despite the initial 18 therapeutic plasma exchange treatments. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura was ruled out due to normal ADAMTS-13 activity test result; hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis was diagnosed based on fever, splenomegaly, pancytopenia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperferritinemia, and hemophagocytosis in bone marrow aspiration. The patient's condition improved rapidly upon treatment with a combination of immunosuppressants and cytotoxic agents, and more therapeutic plasma exchanges were performed five consecutive times with prolonged intervals in between. We observed that therapeutic plasma exchange treatment alone was not effective enough to treat hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, unlike thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Therefore, it is necessary to determine and start drug administration promptly in the treatment of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with thrombotic microangiopathy.
Alanine Transaminase ; Anemia, Hemolytic ; Bilirubin ; Bone Marrow ; Cytotoxins ; Female ; Ferritins ; Fever ; Humans ; Hypertriglyceridemia ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Lactic Acid ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic ; Pancytopenia ; Plasma Exchange ; Plasma ; Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic ; Splenomegaly ; Thrombotic Microangiopathies