Mast cell changes, numbers and degranulations, of 264 cases of skin biopsy lesions were studied. An increase of mast cells was noted in congenital diseases; noninfectious erythematous, papullar, and squamous diseases; vascular diseases; bacterial diseases; fungal diseases; lipidoses; metabolic diseases; connective tissue diseases; tumors and cysts of the epidermis; tumors of epidermal appendages; tumors of fibrous tissue; tumors of vascular tissue; and benign tumors of melanocytes. The increase was noted mainly in the surrounding areas of the lesions rather than within the lesions. In only a few conditions; vascular diseases, connective tissue diseases, and tumors of vascular tissue, an increase of mast cells within the lesion was noted. With regard to the relation between mast cell changes and gross appearance of skin lesions, an increase of mast cells was observed in the surrounding areas of scally, vesicular, nodular or warty, and ulcerated lesions. Relationship between the degree of degranulation to the types of skin disease or gross appearance can not be clearly established. In all conditions, the increase of mast cells was intimately associated with formation of new fibrous connective tissue.
Cytoplasmic Granules/pathology ; Human ; Mast Cells/pathology* ; Skin Diseases/pathology*

Non-nasal T/NK-cell lymphomas(TNKCL) are further subdivided into primary cutaneous and 4 subtypes of secondary cutaneous lymphomas such as nasal type, aggressive, blastic(blastoid), and other specific NK-like T-cell lymphoma. Aggressive T/NK-cell lymphoma/leukemia(ATNKCL) is a rare leukemic variant of nasal type TNKCL. Although ATNKCL invariably exhibits the identical histomorphological, genotypical and immunophenotypical findings with TNKCL, it is distinguishable from the nasal type of TNKCL in that the former reveals atypical cells having large azurophilic cytoplasmic granules in the peripheral blood and bone marrow. We herein report a rare case of ATNKCL with secondary cutaneous lesions.
Bone Marrow ; Cytoplasmic Granules ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, T-Cell

The nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2 has been reported to have a high ability of liquid-liquid phase separation, which enables its incorporation into stress granules (SGs) of host cells. However, whether SG invasion by N protein occurs in the scenario of SARS-CoV-2 infection is unknow, neither do we know its consequence. Here, we used SARS-CoV-2 to infect mammalian cells and observed the incorporation of N protein into SGs, which resulted in markedly impaired self-disassembly but stimulated cell cellular clearance of SGs. NMR experiments further showed that N protein binds to the SG-related amyloid proteins via non-specific transient interactions, which not only expedites the phase transition of these proteins to aberrant amyloid aggregation in vitro, but also promotes the aggregation of FUS with ALS-associated P525L mutation in cells. In addition, we found that ACE2 is not necessary for the infection of SARS-CoV-2 to mammalian cells. Our work indicates that SARS-CoV-2 infection can impair the disassembly of host SGs and promote the aggregation of SG-related amyloid proteins, which may lead to an increased risk of neurodegeneration.
Amyloidogenic Proteins/metabolism* ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/genetics* ; Animals ; COVID-19 ; Cytoplasmic Granules/metabolism* ; Mammals ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Stress Granules

To investigate ultrastructural characteristics of mast cells in urticaria pigmentosa in comparison to mast cells in other conditions and to search for the possible differences of ultrastuctural features amog different types of urticaria pigmentosa as well as those from normal mast cells, 4 cases of urticaria pigmentosa and 1 case of mastocytosis associated with capillary hemangioma were studied by both light and electron microscopic examinations. The cases of urticaria pigmentosa consisted of one case of blister type from a 3 month old ma1e infant, 2 cases of maculo-papular type both from 10 month old male infants, and a case of nodular type from a 14 month old boy. Ultrastructural features of mast cells in urticaria pigmentosa, in general; a) appeared relatively immature; b) mast cells in nodular type of urticaria pigmentosa were mostly round shaped while other types showed spindle or oblong shapes; c) mast cells in the maculo-papular type and those in hemangioma were similar and resembled normal mast cells; and d) marked degranulation of mast cells in the form of expulsion of granules, perigranular vacuole formation and intracellular disolution of granules for the blister type of urticaria pigmentosa.
Adolescent ; Cytoplasmic Granules/ultrastructure ; Human ; Male ; Mast Cells/ultrastructure ; Microscopy, Electron ; Urticaria Pigmentosa/pathology*

We report a case of pseudoxanthomatous mastocytosis that is an uncommon variant of urticaria pigmentosa. A 3 month-old boy visited our hospital with yellowish cutaneous nodules At the age of 2 months, small yellowish macule developed on the posterior neek, and during the following months, lesions spread to trunk, upper extremities, face, and scalp, most of them became gradually to the nodules. Darier's sign could be elicited easily. A biopsy of one. of the nodules or the back showed a very dense oval or cuboidal cells infiltrate in the dermis. Special stain with toluiddine blue showed this to he composed of mast cells. Electron microscopic examination revealed crowded mast. cells which was showing numerous cytoplasmic granules and long, thin villi. The patient: was managed symptomaticvlly and recommended to avoid mechanical or chemical irritation to the lesions.
Biopsy ; Cytoplasmic Granules ; Dermis ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mast Cells ; Mastocytosis* ; Scalp ; Upper Extremity ; Urticaria Pigmentosa

Morphological effects of degranulation upon me-senteric mast cells of albino rats (SPrague-Dawley strain) by means of lipid administration were studied. An evident degranulation of metachromatic granules from mesenteric tissue mast cells was observed in more than half of experimental rats which were intraperitoneally given 10cc of stearic monoglyceride suspension in warm Tyrode solution (5Omg. of stearic monoglyceride in 10cc of Tyrode solution). A fairly light degranulation of metachro-matic granules from mesenteric mast cells was also displayed by the rats fed ad libitum with butter for 6 hours after being deprived of food for 24 hours.
Animals ; Cytoplasmic Granules/*drug effects ; Lipids/*pharmacology ; Mast Cells/*drug effects ; Mesentery/cytology ; Rats

A case of acute biphenotypic leukemia with mixed blast morphology and combined myeloid and T-lymphoid features is reported. The leukemic cells consisted of small to medium sized hand mirror shaped blasts and large blasts with cytoplasmic granules and some cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. The blast cells were found to be immature T-lymphoid cells(CD2+ and CD7+) that also expressed the myeloid antigens such as CD13 and CD33. In the review of the literatures, additional cases of acute mixed leukemia-hand mirror variant show strong expression of adhesion moleules such as CD2, CD7, and CD11b. Cytogenetic studies revealed a trisomy 4 previously described in acute undifferentiated myeloblastic leukemia with hand-mirror cells. This case represents a morphologically and phenotypically distinct subtype of acute biphenotypic leukemia with hand mirror morphologic features. Adult acute leukemia cases with hand mirror morphology should be considered the possibility of mixed lineage leukemia and processed further studies.
Adult* ; Cytogenetics ; Cytoplasmic Granules ; Granulocyte Precursor Cells ; Hand ; Humans ; Inclusion Bodies ; Leukemia ; Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute ; Trisomy

Degranulation of the mast cell has been reported by the injection of histamine liberators and other chemical agents. Chlorpheniramine maleate (1.2mg./kg. and 0.3mg./kg. comprising 1/74and 1/290 of LD50 respectively), which is an antihistamine agent, in physiological saline solution for intravenous injection and in Tyrode solution for intraperitoneal injection were given in single dose. The mesenteric mast cells stained in Pugh solution, as applied by Lee (1968), were counted according to the classification of An (1964) in 4 types; the typical normal mast cell, the Grade I type of mast cell, the Grade II type of mast cell and the Grade III type of mast cell. In the experimental rats given 1.2mg./kg. of chlorpheniramine intravenously, more mesenteric mast cells were s1ightly degranulated than those cells of the rats given 0.3mg./kg. of chlorpheniramine and the control rats. In the experimental rats given 1.2mg./kg. and 0.3 mg./kg. of chlorpheniramine intraperitoneally, more mesenteric mast cells were slightly degranulated than those cells of the control rats. However, in this intraperitoneal study the degree, or severity, of degranulation of the mesenteric mast cell was not in direct proportion to the dosage of this antihistamine. Consequently it is deduced that the experimental dosage of the antihistamine chlorpheniramine maleate, applied 1/74 and l/290 of LD50, caused an evient degranulation of mesenteric mast cells of the albino rats associated with probable histamine liberation.
Animal ; Chlorpheniramine/pharmacology ; Cytoplasmic Granules* ; Female ; Histamine H1 Antagonists/pharmacology* ; Male ; Mast Cells/drug effects* ; Rats

Granular cell tumors (GCTs) can be divided into neural type with S-100 reactivity and non-neural type without that. The latter has not been widely recognized and there are only fewer reports available when compared to conventional GCT. A 65-year-old man was presented with the presence of a painless mass on his back. The mass had developed into a small nodule on the scar developed because of previous surgery carried out 2 years ago. The tumor consisted of large, polygonal cells comprising of an enormous number of faintly eosinophilic small granules in the cytoplasm. The cytoplasmic granules were stained positively for periodic acid-Schiff stain. Immunohistochemical stains for S-100 protein and neuron-specific enolase were found to be negative. Herein, we report the appearance of a very rare case of non neural GCT developed on the surgical scar in support with relevant literature reviews.
Aged ; Cicatrix ; Coloring Agents ; Cytoplasm ; Cytoplasmic Granules ; Eosinophils ; Granular Cell Tumor ; Humans ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; S100 Proteins

Aged ; Cytoplasm ; Cytoplasmic Granules ; Female ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; pathology ; Plasma Cells ; pathology