In order to study the association between lower urinary tract infection and cystitis glandularis (CG), 120 cases of CG were diagnosed by cystoscopic biopsy in the suspicious foci of the bladder. Among them, 72 cases were subjected to bacterial counting culture of urine and microscopic examination of urinary sediment, and 60 cases to fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) assay to detect HPV, CMV and HSV DNA in urine samples. In the 72 cases of CG, the positive rate of bacterial counting culture of urine was 15.3% (11/72), and gray zone rate was 18.1% (13/72). 31.9% (23/72) patients were positive in bacterioscopy of urinary sediment. There was statistically significant difference as compared with the control group (P<0.01). Only 4 of 60 urine samples were positive by FQ-PCR in detection of the three viruses mentioned above with the positive rate being 6.67%. Compared with the control group, there was no significant difference (P>0.05). It was concluded that the genesis of CG was closely correlated with the chronic lower urinary tract infection, especially caused by Esch coli.
Cystitis/etiology ; Cystitis/microbiology ; Cystitis/*pathology ; *Escherichia coli Infections ; Metaplasia ; Urinary Bladder/microbiology ; Urinary Bladder/*pathology ; Urinary Tract Infections/complications ; Urinary Tract Infections/*microbiology ; Urinary Tract Infections/pathology

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is characterized by bladder discomfort, urinary frequency, urgency, and pelvic pain. The etiology and pathogenesis of this condition is still unknown and remains diagnosed by exclusion. The histologic findings are also neither specific for diagnosis nor correlated with symptoms. However, the definition and diagnostic criteria for the condition was established in the last decade. In this paper, we review the changes in the definition, terminology, and diagnostic scheme of IC/BPS, and summarize the histologic findings. We also briefly discuss some new pathologic suggestions and new urinary markers, focusing on the most promising ones.
Cystitis, Interstitial ; Diagnosis* ; Pathology* ; Pelvic Pain ; Urinary Bladder

Eosinophilic cystitis is a rare inflammatory disease of urinary bladder with unknown etiology. The disease is known to be associated with several different processes such as allergy or injury. Eosinophilic cystitis is similar to interstitial cystitis, vesical tuberculosis and bladder neoplasm in clinical manifestations and should be differentiated from them. A 75 years old male patient underwent TUR-P for benign prostatic hyperplasia. After 2 months, he complained of irritative voiding symptoms. Cystoscopy revealed a polypoid mass, measuring 3 cm in diameter in the right lateral wall of bladder. Pathology of the lesion that was transurethrally resected revealed the diffuse eosinophilic infiltration of the bladder wall without evidence of malignancy.
Aged ; Cystitis* ; Cystitis, Interstitial ; Cystoscopy ; Eosinophils* ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Male ; Pathology ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Tuberculosis ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

OBJECTIVE: To establish a model of bladder pain syndrome in SD rats by cyclophosphamide intraperitoneal injection, to evaluate the effectiveness of the model from the urodynamic and histological levels, to lay a zoological foundation for the clinical study of bladder pain syndrome, and to further guide clinical treatment. METHODS: Thirty-two 8-week-old SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups, including acute test group, acute control group, chronic test group, and chronic control group, with 8 rats in each group. The acute test group received intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide 150 mg/kg immediately after the measurement of urodynamic data on the first day, and urodynamic examination was performed again 2 days later. After that, the rats were sacrificed to obtain bladder tissue. In the chronic test group, after measuring the baseline data of urodynamics on the first day, cyclophosphamide 75 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected on the first, fourth, and seventh days, and the rats were sacrificed after measuring the urodynamic data again on the eighth day to obtain bladder tissue. The acute control group and the chronic control group were injected with the same amount of normal saline during intraperitoneal injection, and the urodynamic testing time point were consistent with the corresponding test groups. Histopathological changes of the bladder were assessed by HE staining. RESULTS: In each acute and chronic group, there were no intragroup differences in baseline urodynamic levels between the test and control groups. The urodynamic maximum bladder volume was significantly reduced in the acute test group after administration(t=-2.961, P < 0.05), histologically, severe interstitial edema, obvious inflammatory cell infiltration, mucosal edema and submucosal hemorrhage, and partial urothelium were absent could be seen, which were consistent with acute cystitis performance. The urodynamic maximum bladder capacity was significantly reduced in the chronic test group after administration (t=-3.886, P < 0.05), and the bladder compliance was lower than that in the control group, but not significant, the histological manifestations were urothelial exfoliation, interstitial edema, submucosal hemorrhage, infiltration of inflammatory cells such as lymphocytes, and dense vascular distribution. CONCLUSION In the acute test group, a single intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide could induce acute bladder inflammation in the rats. In the chronic test group, repeated injections of cyclophosphamide could induce histological changes in chronic inflammation of chronic bladder pain syndrome in the rats. But the bladder function was not significantly impaired.
Animals ; Cyclophosphamide/therapeutic use* ; Cystitis/pathology* ; Cystitis, Interstitial/drug therapy* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hemorrhage ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Urodynamics

To study the relationship between bacterial infection and the etiology of cystitis glandularis, 36 female Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups. No intervention was given to the rats in the blank group. NS was infused into the bladder of the rats of the control group, and solution containing E. coli was injected into the bladder of experimental group. Three months later, tissue samples of bladder were collected and observed visually and under light microscope. The results showed that tissues of the blank group were normal; one sample in the control group showed Brunn's nests and cystitis cystica, and 10 in the experimental group had the change of cystitis glandularis. Compared to the blank and control group, samples in the experimental group showed significant change (P<0.05). There were no significant difference between blank group and control group (P>0.05). It is concluded that bladder instillation of E. coli can induce cystitis glandularis, which confirms that infection is the cause of cystitis glandularis.
Cystitis/etiology ; Cystitis/*microbiology ; Cystitis/*pathology ; Escherichia coli Infections/*pathology ; Rats, Wistar ; Urinary Bladder/microbiology ; Urinary Bladder/*pathology ; Urinary Tract Infections/complications ; Urinary Tract Infections/*microbiology ; Urinary Tract Infections/pathology

Bladder interstitial cell (IC) is a cell, which lacks thick filaments and dense bodies but with incomplete basement membrane, rough endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus. IC is divided into 4 subtypes: lamina propria IC, intramuscular IC, IC between the detrusor bundles and perivascular IC. There are different ion currents and related activation pathways in the lamina propria IC and intramuscular IC. Ca2+ signaling pathways play an important role in the communication between IC and detrusor. Any bladder lesions affecting the ion current and Ca2+ signaling pathways can lead to bladder dysfunction. The bladder lesions include bladder outlet obstruction, bladder pain syndrome, interstitial cystitis, neurogenic bladder and diabetes. Imatinib mesylate is currently an available treatment target in IC, and electrical stimulation of acupuncture therapy is a new direction.
Benzamides ; Cystitis, Interstitial ; pathology ; Electric Stimulation ; Humans ; Imatinib Mesylate ; Mucous Membrane ; pathology ; Piperazines ; Pyrimidines ; Signal Transduction

Eosinophilic cystitis is a rare inflammatory disease of bladder with unknown etiology. The disease is known to be associated with several different processes such as allergy or injury. Eosinophilic cystitis is similar to interstitial cystitis, tuberculosis and bladder neoplasms in the clinical manifestations and should be differentiated from them. A 42-year-old male patient presented with gross hematuria, frequency and dysuria. Urinalysis showed hematopyuria. Cystoscopy revealed a hemorrhagic and necrotic polypoid mass, measuring 3cm in diameter on the dome of the bladder. Pathology of the lesion revealed the diffuse eosinophilic infiltration of the bladder wall without evidence of malignancy. The patient was treated with a 2-month course of 10mg prednisolone 3 times a day. The symptoms improved. After 3 months, followup cystoscopy and cystography showed normal findings.
Adult ; Cystitis* ; Cystitis, Interstitial ; Cystoscopy ; Dysuria ; Eosinophils* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Male ; Pathology ; Prednisolone ; Tuberculosis ; Urinalysis ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms

OBJECTIVE: To improve the understanding of lupus cystitis. METHODS: Clinical manifestations, laboratory Results , and image information of 2 cases of lupus cystitis were analysed retrospectively, and another 6 cases in the literature were reviewed. RESULTS: Two patients were female. The urinary symptoms followed the gastrointestinal symptoms. Ureterectasia and hydronephrosis were detected in both patients, and intestinal pseudo-obstruction was detected in one patient. In the 6 cases from the literature, ureterectasia and hydronephrosis were detected in all patients, and intestinal pseudo-obstruction was detected in 4. CONCLUSION The possibility of lupus cystitis should be considered when lupus patients complain of urinary or bowel symptoms. Glucocorticoid and immunodepressant are effective for lupus cystitis.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Cystitis ; complications ; diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; etiology ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; complications ; diagnosis ; Ureter ; pathology

PURPOSE: There have been numerous researches on urine beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)-M) concerned with primary nephrotic syndrome and other glomerular diseases, but not much has been done in relation to pediatric age groups. Thus, our hospital decided to study the relations between the analysis of the test results we have conducted on pediatric patients and renal functions. METHODS: Retrospective data analysis was done to 102 patients of ages 0 to 4 with renal diseases with symptoms such as hematuria, edema, and proteinuria who were admitted to Chung-Ang Yongsan Hospital and who participated in 24-hour urine and urine beta(2)-M excretion test between January of 2003 and January of 2006. Each disease was differentiated as independent variables, and the statistical difference of the results of urine beta(2)-M excretion of several groups of renal diseases was analyzed with student T-test by using test results as dependent variables. RESULTS: Levels of urine beta(2)-M excretion of the 102 patients were as follows:52 had primary nephrotic syndrome [MCNS (n=45, 72+/-45 microgram/g creatinine, microgram/g-Cr), MPGN (n=3, 154+/-415 microgram/g-Cr), FSGS (n=4, 188+/-46 microgram/-Cr)], six had APSGN (93+/-404 microgram/g-Cr), seven had IgA nephropathy (3,414+/-106 microgram/g-Cr), 9 had APN (742+/-160 microgram/g-Cr), 16 had cystitis (179+/-168 microgram/g-Cr), and 12 had HSP nephritis (109+/-898 microgram/g-Cr). IgA nephropathy (P<0.05) and APN (P<0.05) were significantly higher than in other renal diseases. Among primary nephrotic syndrome, FSGS with higher results of beta(2)-microglobulin test had longer treatment period (P<0.01) when compared to the lower groups, but no significant differences in Ccr, BUN, or Cr were observed. CONCLUSIONS: IgA nephropathy and APN groups showed significantly higher level of beta(2)-M excretion value than other groups. Although beta(2)-microglobulin value is not appropriate as an indicator of general renal function and pathology, it seems to be sufficient in the differential diagnosis of the UTI and in the prediction of the treat-ment period of nephrotic syndrome patients.
Creatinine ; Cystitis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Edema ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Nephritis ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Pathology ; Proteinuria ; Retrospective Studies ; Statistics as Topic

Adenoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Cystadenocarcinoma ; pathology ; Cystitis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Endometriosis ; immunology ; pathology ; Fallopian Tube Neoplasms ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Intestines ; pathology ; Keratin-7 ; metabolism ; Male ; Metaplasia ; pathology ; Racemases and Epimerases ; metabolism ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Uterine Diseases ; immunology ; pathology