Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is characterized by bladder discomfort, urinary frequency, urgency, and pelvic pain. The etiology and pathogenesis of this condition is still unknown and remains diagnosed by exclusion. The histologic findings are also neither specific for diagnosis nor correlated with symptoms. However, the definition and diagnostic criteria for the condition was established in the last decade. In this paper, we review the changes in the definition, terminology, and diagnostic scheme of IC/BPS, and summarize the histologic findings. We also briefly discuss some new pathologic suggestions and new urinary markers, focusing on the most promising ones.
Cystitis, Interstitial ; Diagnosis* ; Pathology* ; Pelvic Pain ; Urinary Bladder

Interstitial cystitis has been thought to result from autoimmune phenomenon and its ocurrence in systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)has rarely been reported. We report a case of female patient with SLE whose initial urinary symptoms were caused by intersitial cystitis. Radiography showed the reduced bladder capacity, irregularity of bladder wall, hydronephrosis and hydroureter. Deep bladder wall biopsy was performed and a diagnosis of interstitial cystitis with SLE was made. She was treated with steroid and stent insertion and showed symptomatic improvement. We consider the recognition of bladder involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus is important because it may be a reversible cause of renal failure in a patient with lupus erythematosus and adequate therapy may preserve bladder size and function.
Biopsy ; Cystitis ; Cystitis, Interstitial* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Radiography ; Renal Insufficiency ; Stents ; Urinary Bladder

OBJECTIVETo investigate the differential diagnosis of type III prostatitis and interstitial cystitis so as to improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment of the two diseases.

METHODSBased on the clinical data of 4 cases of type III prostatitis and 3 cases of interstitial cystitis, we analyzed the characteristics of the two diseases in such aspects as clinical symptomatology, urodynamics, prostatic fluid microscopy, microbiology and treatment.

RESULTSThe common clinical characteristics of type III prostatitis and interstitial cystitis were indisposition or pain in the subabdomen and/or pelvic floor, but their differences were quite obvious. In interstitial cystitis, longer urine accumulation could cause worse pain in the subabdomen, which could be relieved after micturation, and the bladder capacity was obviously decreased, but with normal prostatic fluid and negative result of microbial culture. It responded to behavior therapy, resiniferatoxin, sodium hyaluronate and water dilation of the bladder under anaesthesia. While type III prostatitis, with white blood cells > 10/HP or < or = 10/HP in the prostatic fluid and negative result of microbial culture, did not respond to the above therapeutic methods that were effective for interstitial cystitis.

CONCLUSIONType III prostatitis and interstitial cystitis, although clinically confusable, can be definitely differentiated from each other according to their characteristic causes and locations.

Adult ; Aged ; Cystitis, Interstitial ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatitis ; complications ; diagnosis

Cystitis ; diagnosis ; Cystoscopy ; methods ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Xanthomatosis ; diagnosis

OBJECTIVE: To improve the understanding of lupus cystitis. METHODS: Clinical manifestations, laboratory Results , and image information of 2 cases of lupus cystitis were analysed retrospectively, and another 6 cases in the literature were reviewed. RESULTS: Two patients were female. The urinary symptoms followed the gastrointestinal symptoms. Ureterectasia and hydronephrosis were detected in both patients, and intestinal pseudo-obstruction was detected in one patient. In the 6 cases from the literature, ureterectasia and hydronephrosis were detected in all patients, and intestinal pseudo-obstruction was detected in 4. CONCLUSION The possibility of lupus cystitis should be considered when lupus patients complain of urinary or bowel symptoms. Glucocorticoid and immunodepressant are effective for lupus cystitis.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Cystitis ; complications ; diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; etiology ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; complications ; diagnosis ; Ureter ; pathology

PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate that men with prostatodynia have petechiae in the bladder and improvement of symptoms after hydrodistension. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 14 men with the diagnosis of prostatodynia underwent cystoscopy and hydrodistension under a general or regional anesthetic. Their charts were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Of the 14 men 5(36%) had moderate to severe petechiae similar in appearance to women with interstitial cystitis after hydrodistension. Men with moderate to severe bladder petechiae had fewer leukocytes in expressed prostatic secretions and smaller bladder capacities than men with more normal appearing bladders after hydrodistension. Symptomatic improvement 2 to 6 weeks after hydrodistension was more common in men with moderate to severe petechiae than in those with fewer petechiae. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that bladder petechiae after hydrodistension may be a diagnostic finding in men with prostatodynia as well as women with interstitial cystitis. Therefore, the diagnosis of interstitial cystitis should be considered in patients with prostatodynia.
Cystitis, Interstitial ; Cystoscopy ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Leukocytes ; Male ; Purpura ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Bladder

The symptoms of Interstitial cystitis and painful bladder syndrome (IC and PBS) usually provocated after gynecologic disease or treatment, but gynecologist could not notice these disease because there are no diagnostic findings in urine analysis and radiologic study. IC and PBS should be diagnosed with their clinical symptoms, and exclusion steps for differential diagnosis of other confusable diseases are essential. These diseases are characterized by periods of exacerbation followed by variable periods of remission. The therapy for IC and PBS begins with extensive patient education and the goal of the treatment is not cure, but the remission of the symptoms.
Cystitis, Interstitial ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Genital Diseases, Female ; Patient Education as Topic

Acute hemorrhagic cystitis characterized by gross hematuria and bladder irritation symptoms of sudden onset occurs in children as a self-limited disease that must be differentiated from serious renal or bladder disorders. In our study, it occurred frequently in male and spontaneously subsided approximately 10 days later. Ultrasonography or IVP is thought necessary as an initial diagnostic work up. Reviewing the diagnostic steps and course of our own cases, we have reached a conclusion : ultrasonography or excretory urography is thought to be performed as a follow up study rather than as an initial study. If there is no improvement of symptoms during conservative treatment period, radiological study is valid. If bladder malignancy is suspected on the radiological study, we better do follow up ultrasonography or voiding cystourethrogram 2 weeks later and not do cystoscopy and biopsy immediately.
Biopsy ; Child ; Cystitis* ; Cystoscopy ; Diagnosis* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Male ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Bladder ; Urography

Perforation of the appendix into the neighboring viscera is an uncommon sequel to acute appendicitis, and the persistence of the fistula between the appendix and a viscus is even rarer. Although a variety of causes such as foreign body ingestion and regional enteritis may be responsible for persistent appendiceal enteric fistula, the cause for these unusual lesions in our experience appeared to be antecedent appendicitis. Generally, the incidence of persistent appendiceal enteric fistula is very rare and the progress of disease is quite different from the so-called 'usual' acute appendicitis. The diagnosis might lean the wrong way such as towards colitis or cystitis, and so surgical intervention is delayed. Treatments of perforation are diversion (colostomy), as is shown above or conservative treatment such as drainage only.
Appendicitis ; Appendix ; Colitis ; Crohn Disease ; Cystitis ; Diagnosis ; Drainage ; Eating ; Fistula* ; Foreign Bodies ; Incidence ; Viscera

Cystitis glandularis is a benign metaplastic proliferative lesion of the urinary bladder which usually occurs in the setting of chronic irritation and infection or in some cases as a congenital process. Sometimes it presents as a tumor mass-like florid lesion, grossly mimicking malignancy. We report a case of 59-year-old man with multiple mass lesions around the trigone and the neck portion, which suggested the possibility of malignancy in clinical and radiological evaluations. Final diagnosis was confirmed by transurethral resection. The surface urothelial lining was intact. The submucosa showed von Brunn's nests, cystitis glandularis and cystitis cystica in the edematous lamina propria. There were numerous glands lined by tall columnar, mucin producing epithelium without atypia, conforming to the appearance of the intestinal variant of cystitis glandularis. The cystitis glandularis may mimic a neoplasm on gross evaluation. The intestinal variant of cystitis glandularis is particularly likely to be problematic when florid.
Cystitis* ; Diagnosis ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Mucins ; Mucous Membrane ; Neck ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder*