No abstract available.
6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione* ; Cycloheximide* ; Dizocilpine Maleate*

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of KCl on regulation of circadian gene CLOCK expression, we observed whether induction of CLOCK is influenced by KCl depolarization in B35 rat neuroblastoma cells. METHODS: B35 rat neuroblastoma cells were grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin-streptomycin in a 37 degrees C humidified incubator with 5% CO2. Inhibitors including cycloheximide and actinomycin D were pretreated 1 hour before treatment with 50mM KCl. Immunoblotting with anti-CLOCK antibody was done. RESULTS: CLCOK is induced by 50 mM KCl in B35 Rat Neuroblastoma cells, and a maximal induction in CLOCK level reached peak at 8 to 20 hours. The pretreatment of cycloheximide and actinomycin D prevented the induction of CLOCK by 50 mM KCl. CONCLUSION: We suggest that KCl depolarization may play critical roles in several aspects of the circadian gene CLOCK expression.
Animals ; Circadian Clocks ; Cycloheximide ; Dactinomycin ; Immunoblotting ; Incubators ; Neuroblastoma* ; Rats*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether radiation adaptive response could be induced by high dose I-131 therapy in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Lymphocytes from 21 patients (7 males, 14 females, mean age 55+/-12 years) were collected before and after administration of 5,550 MBq (150 mCi) I-131. They were exposed to a challenge dose of 1 Gy gamma rays using a Cs-137 cell irradiator. The number of ring-form (R) and dicentric (D) chromosomes was counted under the light microscope, and used to calculate the frequency of chromosomal aberration. Ydr, which was defined as the sum of R and D divided by the total number of counted lymphocytes. RESULTS: Ydr in patients before I-131 therapy (0.09+/-0.01) was not different from that of controls (0.08+/-0.01). Ydr was significantly increased to 0.13+/-0.02 (p<0.0001) after I-131 therapy. Increase of Ydr after the challenge irradiation of 1 Gy was significantly lower in patients after I-131 therapy than before I-131 therapy (0.17+/-0.03 vs 0.21+/-0.02, p<0.0001). Cycloheximide (CHM), an inhibitor of protein synthesis, abolished this effect. Ydr after CHM (0.20+/-0.01) was significantly higher than Ydr after I-131 therapy (0.17+/-0.03, p<0.0001), but was not different from Ydr before I-131 therapy (0.21+/-0.02). CONCLUSION: High dose I-131 therapy induces an adaptive response in peripheral lymphocytes of patients with well-differentiated thyroid cancer, which is associated with protein synthesis.
Chromosome Aberrations ; Cycloheximide ; Female ; Gamma Rays ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms*

BACKGROUND: Various kinds of pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi have been isolated from the house dust, the closest environment of human beings. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose is to investigate the distribution of yeasts in house dust. METHODS: House dust was sampled from 22 families in Taegu and 56 in a rural town in Kyungpook province for 2 months from May to June, 1992. It was cultivated for years on the media containing cycloheximide (500mg/L) RESULTS: Among 78 families, 56 (71.8%) showed positive culture for yeasts in house dut;1 species in 24 (30.8%), 2 species in 19 (24.3%), 3 species in 12 (15.4%) and 4 species in 1(1.3%). Rhodotorula(Rh). Ruora was the most frequently isolated one from 36(46.2%) out of 78 families, followed by Tricosporn(T.) cutaneum 25(32.1%). Candida (C.) albicans 16 (20.5%), Pityrosporum pachydermatis 4 (5.1%) and Torulopsis candida, Cryptococcus laurentii, C. rugosa and C. guillermondii 1 (1.3%), each. CONCLUSION: Rh. rubra, T. cutaneum and C. albicans were the most important yeast species in the houst dust of both rural and raban areas.
Candida ; Cryptococcus ; Cycloheximide ; Daegu ; Dust* ; Fungi ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Malassezia ; Sweat ; Yeasts*

BACKGROUND: Although there have been many studies about onychomycosis, the study about onychomycosis with dermatophytoma has not been reported yet in Korea. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical characterictics and treatment strategies of the onychomycosis with dermatophytoma compare with the other onychomycosis. METHODS: In the 5-year period 2007-2011, we reviewed forty five patients with toenail onychomycosis with dermatophytoma, proven by direct potassium hydroxide examination. The etiological agents were identified by cultures on Sabouraud's dextrose agar with and without cycloheximide. To confirm dermatophytoma, we performed histopathologic evaluation of the nail plate by nail clipping. RESULTS: Toenail onychomycosis with dermatophytoma were 2.9% of all onychomycosis. Among the age groups, the incidence rate was highest in the sixties (24.4%). The ratio of male to female patients was 1:1.1. The frequency of associated disease was highest in diabetes mellitus (17.7%). The right great toenail was most common affected nails. Distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis (88.9%) was the most common clinical type. The round lesion was most common clinical features of affected area (66.7%), followed by linear lesion (33.3%). Trichophyton rubrum was most common etiological agent (57.8%). The partial removal of the tonail combined with oral and topical antifungal agent was most common in treatment of onychomycosis with dermatophytoma. CONCLUSION: Because of the increase in onychomycosis with dermatophytoma, and its relative resistance to the conventional treatment of onychomycosis, we suggest the need of a careful mycological examination to diagnose the dermatohpytoma in patients with onychomycosis, and we also propose more aggressive treatment strategy is required to treat dermatophytoma.
Agar ; Cycloheximide ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Female ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hydroxides ; Incidence ; Male ; Nails ; Onychomycosis ; Potassium ; Potassium Compounds ; Trichophyton

BACKGROUND: It is known that slippers, shoes, floor, and clothes of common uses are the sources of infection by dermatophytes but there are few reports of culture of it from these environments, especially in Korea. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to evaluate contamination status of the slippers of adult school use by dermatophytes. METHODS: The samples were gathered from 70 pairs of slippers of adult school use with adhesive tape strip method and they were cultured on the media with cycloheximide (500 mg/L) and chloramphenicol (500 mg/L) to control the growth of nondermatophytic fungi. RESULTS: Dermatophytes were isolated from 33 (47.1%) out of a total of 70 pairs of slippers. Twenty four pairs of slippers (34.3%) were contaminated with Trichophyton (T.) mentagrophytes only; 8 (11.4%) with T. rubrum only; 1 (1.4%) with both of them. Thus, T. mentagrophytes was the most common isolate. The number of colonies of T. mentagrophytes, isolated from 25 pairs of slippers, was 97 (mean 3.88/pair), and that of T. rubrum from 9 pairs was 34 (3.78/pair). CONCLUSION: About forty seven percent of slippers of adult school use were contaminated by dermatophytes so that the control of tinea pedis would necessitate the simultaneous treatment of the infected individual and contaminated areas of the environment such as shoes and floor.
Adhesives ; Adult ; Arthrodermataceae* ; Chloramphenicol ; Cycloheximide ; Fungi ; Humans ; Korea ; Shoes ; Tinea Pedis ; Trichophyton

We report a case of primary cutaneous cryptococcosis in a 63-year-old female, who had a painful deep ulceration on the left forearm for 2 months. Histopathological examination showed numerous encapsulated round spores in the dermis and subcutis. A tissue culture on Sabouraud's media without cycloheximide showed whitish creamy colonies and revealed budding yeast cells in lactophenol cotton blue preparations. The organism was identified as Cryptococcus neoformans. The lesion was successfully treated with oral fluconazole(400 mg/day) for 2 months combined with surgical debridement.
Cryptococcosis* ; Cryptococcus neoformans ; Cycloheximide ; Debridement ; Dermis ; Female ; Fluconazole* ; Forearm ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Saccharomycetales ; Spores ; Ulcer

The Korean sawmills have recently recognized the importance of prevention of fungal discoloration due to increased losses in revenue. Before establishing integrated control strategies of fungal discoloration, more complete knowledge about causal organisms is needed. As a first step, we initiated a through survey of fungi colonizing commercially important softwood (Pinus densiflora, Pinus koraiensis, and Pinus radiata) logs and lumber in Korea. In this paper we report results obtained from Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) log study. In summer 2000, fungi were isolated from Japanese red pine logs in storage, and identified based on their cultural and morphological characteristics. A total of 595 fungi were isolated, representing 21 genera and 30 species. Mold fungi, mostly Trichoderma species, were the most frequently isolating fungi, representing more than half of all isolates. Dematiaceous fungi represented approximately one fifth of the isolates, and Rhinocladiella atorvirens was the most abundant in all samples. Opiostoma species represented 7% of all isolates from cores planted on malt extract agar (MEA) and the incidence of these species doubled with the addition of streptomycin and cycloheximide to MEA. The results indicate that Japanese red pine sapwood is susceptible to colonization by a variety of fungal species. As a result, control strategies that concentrate on one fungus may have limited success because of interference from competing flora.
Agar ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Colon* ; Cycloheximide ; Fungi* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Pinus ; Plants ; Streptomycin ; Trichoderma

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Mucin secretion is regulated by the mucin genes (MUC) in the respiratory, gastrointestinal and reproductive system. Inflammation induces mucin hypersecretion in the human body. This study demonstrates the effects of IL-1beta on the regulation of mucin protein expression as well as the MUC2 gene in cultured airway epithelial cells. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Analysis of MUC2 gene was done by RT-PCR and the protein analysis was done by a flow cytometric analysis and an immunoassay method using cultured human airway epithelial cells, and NCI-H292 cells. RESULTS: The expression of MUC2 mRNA and protein induced by IL-1beta increased in a dose-and time-dependent manner. The maximum mRNA level of the MUC2 gene was approximately 3-fold, compared to that of the control cell. The IL-1beta-mediated MUC2 protein started at 6 hours of exposure to IL-1beta (20 ng/ml) and the maximum level was 12 hours. The MUC2 protein data of flow cytometric analysis corresponded to that of immunoassay analysis. The expression of MUC2 gene was suppressed by actinomycin D, but not attenuated by cycloheximide. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the IL-1beta-mediated MUC2 gene and protein expression were increased in a dose- and time-dependent pattern and regulated by transcriptional step.
Cycloheximide ; Dactinomycin ; Epithelial Cells* ; Human Body ; Humans* ; Immunoassay ; Inflammation ; Mucins* ; RNA, Messenger

T-cell internal antigen-1 (TIA-1) has roles in regulating alternative pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA translation, and stress granule (SG) formation in human cells. As an evolutionarily conserved response to environmental stress, SGs have been reported in various species. However, SG formation in chicken cells and the role of chicken TIA-1 (cTIA-1) in SG assembly has not been elucidated. In the present study, we cloned cTIA-1 and showed that it facilitates the assembly of canonical SGs in both human and chicken cells. Overexpression of the chicken prion-related domain (cPRD) of cTIA-1 that bore an N-terminal green fluorescent protein (GFP) tag (pntGFP-cPRD) or Flag tag (pFlag-cPRD) induced the production of typical SGs. However, C-terminal GFP-tagged cPRD induced notably large cytoplasmic granules that were devoid of endogenous G3BP1 and remained stable when exposed to cycloheximide, indicating that these were not typical SGs, and that the pntGFP tag influences cPRD localization. Finally, endogenous cTIA-1 was recruited to SGs in chicken cells and tissues under environmental stress. Taken together, our study provide evidence that cTIA-1 has a role in canonical SG formation in chicken cells and tissues. Our results also indicate that cPRD is necessary for SG aggregation.
Chickens ; Clone Cells ; Cycloheximide ; Cytoplasmic Granules ; Humans ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA Precursors ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; T-Lymphocytes