No abstract available.
Cyclins*

No abstract available.
Cyclins* ; Hematologic Neoplasms* ; Phosphotransferases*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Gastric carcinoma is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Korea. It evolves through dysplasia to an invasive adenocarcinoma. The carcinogenesis of dysplasia and adenocarcinoma in the stomach was investigated by examining the levels of mutant p53 protein, p21(waf1/cip1), and cyclin D1 expression in gastric dysplasia and invasive adenocarcinoma. METHODS: Formalin- fixed paraffin-embedded tumors were examined immunohistochemically using the monoclonal antibodies to the 53 protein, p21(waf1/cip1) and cyclin D1. RESULTS: Mutant p53 protein, p21(waf1/cip1) and cyclin D1 expression were found in 66.6% (12/18), 72.2% (13/18) and 33.8% (6/18) of dysplasia, and 45.0% (9/20), 15.0% (3/20) and 30.0% (6/20) of invasive adenocarcinoma, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that p21(waf1/cip1), which is controlled by the p53 protein, plays a more important role in the carcinogenesis of the stomach than cyclin D1.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Carcinogenesis ; Cyclin D1* ; Cyclins* ; Korea ; Mortality ; Stomach*

BACKGROUND: Aberrations of cell cycle-related genes have been reported to contribute to the formation and development of various human tumors. To investigate the gastric carcinogenesis, the expression of cell cycle-related genes (p53, p21wafl/cipl, cyclin D1 and Rb protein) compared to the morphological changes of gastric epithelial lesions were studied. METHODS: The expression of p53, p21wafl/cipl, cyclin D1 and Rb protein was immunohistochemically studied in a series of surgical specimens including the 36 normal/regenerating lesions and the 127 gastric epithelial proliferative lesions (GEPLs). The gastric epithelial proliferative lesions consisted of 25 regenerating epithelia with atypias (REAs), 27 low grade gastric dysplasias (LGDs), 17 high grade dysplasias (HGDs), 24 early gastrc carcinomas (EGCs), and 34 advanced gastric carcinomas (AGCs). RESULTS:The frequency of p53 protein overexpression was significantly associated with histologic grades of GEPLs (p=0.031); occurring in 4% of REAs, in 14.8% of LGDs, in 23.5% of HGDs, in 41.7% of EGCs and 58.9% of AGCs. The p21 wafl/cipl immunohistochemical reaction showed superficial eccentric positivity, representing an inverse correlation with histologic grades of GEPLs (p=0.04); occurring in 83.4% of normal/regenerating lesions, in 80% of REAs, in 74.1% of LGDs, in 29.4% of HGDs, 20.8% of EGCs and 8.8% of AGCs. Although Cyclin D1 and Rb proteins were expressed highly in the GEPLs, the frequency of both proteins were insignificantly associated with histologic grades of GEPLs (p=0.092). However, cases with both the Rb and cyclin D1 positivity were increased with statistical significance along histologic grades of GEPLs (p=0.044). CONCLUSIONS: The altered expression of p53, p21, Rb, and cyclin D1 was considered to be related to dysplastic progression and advancement of malignancy in GEPLs. Therefore, immunohistochemical studies of cell cycle related proteins and a combined analysis may be useful for estimating and following up cases of GEPLs.
Carcinogenesis ; Cell Cycle ; Cyclin D1* ; Cyclins* ; Humans ; Retinoblastoma Protein

No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cyclin D1* ; Cyclins* ; Survival Rate*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The p16, cyclin D1, their partners Cdk4/Cdk6, and pRb constitute a G1 regulatory pathway commomly targeted in tumorigenesis. Genetical, immunochemical, and functional analyses show abnormalities of this pathway in various tumors including head and neck squmaous cell carcinoma. To investigate the clinicopathologic meanings of p16 protein and the relationship between p16 and cyclin D1 in head and neck squmous cell carcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embeded tumor materials that were obtained from 37 patient with head and neck squmaous cell carcinoma were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining method using antiserum that were directed against p16 and cyclin D1. RESULTS: 1) Deletion of p16 was found in 67.6% (25/37) of the patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The deletion was not associated with the clinicopathologic parameters (eg. T and N stages, cell differentiation). 2) Deletion of p16 protein and overexpression of cyclin D1 were identified in 76% (28/37) of the patients with head and neck squmaous cell carcinoma. But deletion of p16 was not affected by the overexpression of cyclin D1 in head and neck squmaous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSION: Deletion of p16 and overexpression of cyclin D1 were identified in head and neck squmaous cell carcinoma. These may abrogate the G1 regulatory pathway. These data suggested that combination of these abnormalities may be important in head and neck turmorigenesis.
Carcinogenesis ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cyclin D1* ; Cyclins* ; Head* ; Humans ; Neck*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical impact of the altered expression of cell cycle regulators in stage I and II breast cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The interaction between cyclin D1/E and p27Kip1 expressions were analyzed using tissue microarray (TMA) technology in 133 breast cancers. Data from the immunohistochemical assays of 3 molecules were merged, and analyzed, with a Ki67 labeling index of the same tumors. RESULTS: Cyclin D1 was expressed in 72 breast carcinomas (54.1%) and cyclin E in 60 (45.1%) out of the 133 breast carcinomas. Expressions of cyclin D1 and cyclin E were inversely related to each other, and significantly associated with the estrogen receptor (ER) expression and differentiation of the breast carcinoma. The expression of cyclin E was significantly decreased in tumors expressing cyclin D1 (p=0.022). There was a trend for cyclin D1 expression to increase in tumors expressing p27Kip1 (p=0.053), but the expression of cyclin E did not correlate with p27Kip1 expression. The Ki67 labeling index was markedly increased in tumors expressing cyclin E, whereas it was significantly decreased in the cyclin D1 or p27Kip1 expressing-tumors. From survival analysis, cyclin E expression was the only significant variable for the prediction of poor survival. CONCLUSION: The abnormal expressions of cell cycle regulatory molecules are prevalent, and interrelated with each other in breast cancer. Integration of TMA technology allowed a high-throughput analysis for correlating molecular the in situ findings, with the clinico-pathologic information. Among the three molecules studied, the cyclin E had a prognostic implication for stage I and II breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cell Cycle ; Cyclin D1* ; Cyclin E* ; Cyclins* ; Estrogens ; Prognosis

PURPOSE: To determine the relationship between expression pattern of E-cadherin, Beta-catenin and cyclin D1, and clinicopathologic parameters in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors evaluated the immunohistochemical expression pattern of E-cadherin, Beta-catenin in relationship with cyclin D1 overexpression, degree of histologic differentiation, clinical stage, and nodal status in 146 head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). The authors also evaluated the expression of E-cadherin/Beta-catenin complex, E-cadherin/cyclin D1, and Beta-catenin/cyclin D1 double staining with confocal laser scanning microscope. RESULTS: Aberrant expressions in 78% of E-cadherin, 77% of Beta-catenin, and 69% of cyclin D1 in the HNSCC were observed. There was correlation of aberrant expression of E-cadherin and nodal status. Cyclin D1 overexpression was also correlated to clinical stage and nodal status. Significant relation was observed between E- cadherin and Beta-catenin expression patterns. Co-expression of E-cadherin and Beta-catenin was significantly detected. However, there was no correlation of cyclin D1 overexpression with E-cadherin or Beta-catenin expression patterns. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that aberrant expression of E-cadherin, E-cadherin/Beta-catenin complex, and cyclin D1 may be involved in clinical stage and/or nodal status, and analysis of the pattern of E-cadherin, cyclin D1, and E-cadherin/Beta-catenin complex may be good prognostic marker of HNSCC.
beta Catenin ; Cadherins ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cyclin D1* ; Cyclins* ; Head* ; Humans ; Neck* ; Prognosis

OBJECTIVES: There are only a limited number of studies on cyclin D1 and p63 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and leukoplakia. This study compared cyclin D1 and p63 expression in leukoplakia and OSCC to investigate the possible correlation of both markers with grade of dysplasia and histological grade of OSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included a total of 60 cases, of which 30 were diagnosed with OSCC and 30 with leukoplakia, that were evaluated immunohistochemically for p63 and cyclin D1 expression. Protein expression was correlated based on grades of dysplasia and OSCC. RESULTS: Out of 30 cases of OSCC, 23 cases (76.7%) were cyclin D1 positive and 30 cases (100%) were p63 positive. Out of 30 cases of leukoplakia, 21 cases (70.0%) were cyclin D1 positive and 30 (100%) were p63 positive (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The overall expression of cyclin D1 and p63 correlated with tumor differentiation, and increases were correlated with poor histological grades, from well-differentiated to poorly-differentiated SCC. Increased cyclin D1 and p63 expression was associated with the severity of leukoplakia. Based on these results cyclin D1 and p63 products can be a useful tool for improved leukoplakia prognosis.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cyclin D1* ; Cyclins* ; Epithelial Cells* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Leukoplakia* ; Prognosis

OBJECTIVES: There are only a limited number of studies on cyclin D1 and p63 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and leukoplakia. This study compared cyclin D1 and p63 expression in leukoplakia and OSCC to investigate the possible correlation of both markers with grade of dysplasia and histological grade of OSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included a total of 60 cases, of which 30 were diagnosed with OSCC and 30 with leukoplakia, that were evaluated immunohistochemically for p63 and cyclin D1 expression. Protein expression was correlated based on grades of dysplasia and OSCC. RESULTS: Out of 30 cases of OSCC, 23 cases (76.7%) were cyclin D1 positive and 30 cases (100%) were p63 positive. Out of 30 cases of leukoplakia, 21 cases (70.0%) were cyclin D1 positive and 30 (100%) were p63 positive (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The overall expression of cyclin D1 and p63 correlated with tumor differentiation, and increases were correlated with poor histological grades, from well-differentiated to poorly-differentiated SCC. Increased cyclin D1 and p63 expression was associated with the severity of leukoplakia. Based on these results cyclin D1 and p63 products can be a useful tool for improved leukoplakia prognosis.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cyclin D1* ; Cyclins* ; Epithelial Cells* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Leukoplakia* ; Prognosis