Humans ; Cyclin D1 ; Melanoma ; Skin Neoplasms ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the expression of cyclin B1, D1 and the various prognostic factors in ovarian carcinoma. METHODS: In this study, fresh ovarian tissue samples were obtained from 41 patients treated surgically at our institute from March of 2002 to February of 2005. These included 36 ovarian carcinomas and 5 normal ovarian tissues that were served as the control. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were used in detecting the expression of mRNA and protein of cyclin B1, D1, respectively. RESULTS: The mean 2(-delta delta CT) values of cyclin B1 and D1 mRNA in ovarian carcinoma tissues obtained through quantitative real-time RT-PCR were 5.83+/-12.03, 17.60+/-22.20, respectively, and the mean values in the control were 0.55+/-0.35, 0.50+/-0.26, respectively. The results showed difference in the expression, but were not statistically significant (p=0.67, 0.07, respectively). If the mean densitometer value of cyclin B1 and D1 protein in the control obtained by Western blot analysis was 1, the mean values in ovarian carcinoma tissues were higher, but were not statistically significant (1.30+/-0.73, 1.81+/-1.28, respectively) (p=0.76, 0.06, respectively). The expression of cyclin B1, D1 and various prognostic factors was not statistically related. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that the expression of cyclin B1 and D1 in ovarian carcinoma tissues was higher than in the normal control. This suggested that cyclin B1, D1 and the tumorigenesis and the degree of malignancy was closely related. But the expression of cyclin B1, D1 and various prognostic factors was not statistically related. Further studies based on the correlation between cyclin and response to treatment or survival rate are needed to support cyclin as a prognostic factor of ovarian carcinoma.
Blotting, Western ; Carcinogenesis ; Cyclin A ; Cyclin B1* ; Cyclin D1 ; Cyclins* ; Humans ; RNA, Messenger ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of five kinds of cyclins in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and their association with degree of tumor differentiation, metastasis and infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV).

METHODSThe HCC tissue microarrays were composed of those from 273 cases of HCC tissues, 144 surrounding-tumor liver tissues and 10 normal liver tissues obtained from autopsy. The diameter of each specimens on tissue microarrays was 2.0 mm. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of cyclin A, cyclin B, cyclin D1, cyclin D3 and cyclin E on HCC tissue microarrays. The association of the expression of these cyclins with the infection rate of HBV was also analyzed.

RESULTSThree paraffin-embedded HCC tissue microarrays were successfully constructed, including 136, 143 and 148 tissue spots, respectively. The positive rates of cyclins in 273 cases of HCC were cyclin A 52.7%, cyclin B 45.4%, cyclin D1 35.9%, cyclin D3 44.3% and cyclin E 23.1%; while the figures in 144 surrounding-tumor tissues were 8.3%, 5.6%, 4.9%, 6.3% and 1.4%, respectively. In 10 normal liver tissues these cyclins exhibited negative staining, with the exception that cyclin D1 was positive in one case of normal liver tissue. The positive rate of cyclins in HCC were significant higher than those in surrounding-tumor liver tissues (P < 0.01), in HCC tissues with histological grade II and III, the cyclins expression were stronger than that in grade I (P < 0.05). The positive rates of cyclins, except cyclin A in HCC with portal vein invasion were higher than those without portal vein invasion (P < 0.01). Infection of HBV did not have significant relationship with the expression of cyclins (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCyclins in different cell cycles overexpressed at varied levels in hepatocellular carcinoma, and the increased expression of cyclins may shorten the tumor cell cycle phase, accelerate cell proliferation, and have a close relationship with HCC aggressiveness.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; chemistry ; Cyclin A ; analysis ; Cyclin B ; analysis ; Cyclin D1 ; analysis ; Cyclin D3 ; Cyclin E ; analysis ; Cyclins ; analysis ; Hepatitis B ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liver Neoplasms ; chemistry

PURPOSE: Cyclins, and their associated cyclin dependent kinases, regulate progression of the cell cycle through the G1 phase and into the S-phase during the DNA replication process. Cyclin E regulation is an important event in cell proliferation. Despite its importance, abnormalities of these genes and their protein products have yet to be found in lits asoociation with lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The relationships between expression of cyclin A, cyclin B1, cyclin D1, cyclin D3, and cyclin E and clinicopathologic factors were investigated in 103 cases with non-small cell carcinomas, using immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS: The positive immunoreactivity was observed in 51 cases (50%) for cyclin A, 33 cases (32%) for cyclin B1, 83 cases (81%) for cyclin D1, 19 cases (18%) for cyclin D3, and 11 cases (11%) for cyclin E. Expression of cyclin E was significant for lymph node metastasis (p=0.004, Chi-square test). There was no relationship between cyclin A, B1, D1, and E and histological typing, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, or pathological tumor, node and metastasis staging. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the expression of cyclin E played a role, to some degree, in the lymph node metastasis.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Proliferation ; Cyclin A ; Cyclin B1 ; Cyclin D1 ; Cyclin D3 ; Cyclin E ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases ; Cyclins ; DNA Replication ; G1 Phase ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of human telomerase reverse transcripase (hTERT), cyclin D1 mRNA, p16(INK4), p21(WAF1) mRNA and p27(KIP1) protein in human ameloblastoma (ABs).

METHODSThe expression of hTERT, cyclin D1, p16(INK4), p21(WAF1) mRNA and p27(KIP1) protein in 54 cases of human ABs were detected by in situ hybridization or immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSThe positive cases of hTERT mRNA, cyclin D1 mRNA was 51, 23, respectively. The positive cases of p16(INK4), p21(WAF1) mRNA and p27(KIP1) protein was 17, 12, 9. Comparing with recurred and transformed malignantly, the expression of hTERT mRNA, cyclin D1 mRNA increased, and the expression of p16(INK4), p21(WAF1) mRNA and p27(KIP1) protein decreased or lost. The expression of hTERT mRNA and pl6(INK4), p21(WAF1) mRNA and p27(KIP1) protein in ABs had middle to high negative relation (r(k) = -0.587, r(k) = -0.652, r(k) = -0.783, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONThe hTERT mRNA expression in ABs is related to the reguation of pl6(INK4), p21(WAF1) mRNA and p27(KIP1) protein.

Ameloblastoma ; Cyclin D1 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 ; Cyclins ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; RNA, Messenger ; Telomerase

Cell growth characterized by cell cycle progression is regulated by cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK). CDKs are activated by binding cyclins such as cyclin A, cyclin B, cyclin D1, and cyclin E. Proliferative indices such as Ki-67 and proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) are known to be correlated with the mitotic index and were reported to have increased in the lesional psoriatic skin in previous reports. In this study, we investigated the expression of cyclins and proliferative indices (cyclin A, cyclin B, cyclin D1, cyclin E, Ki-67, and PCNA) in the psoriatic epidermis before and after cyclosporin therapy (3mg/kg/day 12 wks). Cyclin A, Ki-67, and PCNA were 1+ to 2+ positive before treatment but showed positive staining in only a few cells after treatment. Cyclin B and cyclin E were also moderate-to-strongly positive before treatment and became only weakly positive after treatment. Cyclin D1 was expressed only in a few cells and was negative after treatment. Taken together, cyclosporin may have an anti-proliferative effect on keratinocytes which was demonstrated by reduction of the proliferative indices such as Ki-67 and PCNA. The mechanism of the anti-proliferative effect may be through the inhibition of the cell cycle progression. Cyclin A, cyclin B and cyclin E are amongst the targeted cell cycle modulators, whereas cyclin D1 seems to be less induced in the lesional psoriatic epidermis, both before and after cyclosporin therapy.
Cell Cycle ; Cyclin A ; Cyclin B ; Cyclin D1 ; Cyclin E ; Cyclins* ; Cyclosporine* ; Epidermis* ; Keratinocytes ; Mitotic Index ; Phosphotransferases ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; Psoriasis ; Skin

No abstract available.
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16* ; Porokeratosis*

OBJECTIVE: Cyclin is a family of regulatory proteins that play a key role in controlling the cell cycle. Abnormalities of cell cycle regulators, including cyclins and cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs), have been reported in malignant tumors. This study was undertaken to quantitatively detect cyclin B1 and D1 in cervical cancer. METHODS: A quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis were used to analyze the expression of cyclin B1, D1 mRNA and proteins, respectively, in fresh invasive cervical cancer (n=41) and normal cervix tissue (n=10). RESULTS: There was significantly greater cyclin B1 expression in invasive cervical cancer than in normal cervix tissue (p=0.019). However, cyclin D1 expression was not significantly different (p=0.967). A Western blot analysis yielded similar results. CONCLUSION: Our results were consistent with the concept that up-regulation of cyclin B1 expression occurred in cervical cancer and an aberrant expression of cyclin B1 might play an important role in cervical carcinogenesis.
Blotting, Western ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell Cycle ; Cervix Uteri ; Cyclin B1* ; Cyclin D1 ; Cyclin I ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases ; Cyclins* ; Female ; Humans ; RNA, Messenger ; Up-Regulation ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical impact of the altered expression of cell cycle regulators in stage I and II breast cancers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The interaction between cyclin D1/E and p27Kip1 expressions were analyzed using tissue microarray (TMA) technology in 133 breast cancers. Data from the immunohistochemical assays of 3 molecules were merged, and analyzed, with a Ki67 labeling index of the same tumors. RESULTS: Cyclin D1 was expressed in 72 breast carcinomas (54.1%) and cyclin E in 60 (45.1%) out of the 133 breast carcinomas. Expressions of cyclin D1 and cyclin E were inversely related to each other, and significantly associated with the estrogen receptor (ER) expression and differentiation of the breast carcinoma. The expression of cyclin E was significantly decreased in tumors expressing cyclin D1 (p=0.022). There was a trend for cyclin D1 expression to increase in tumors expressing p27Kip1 (p=0.053), but the expression of cyclin E did not correlate with p27Kip1 expression. The Ki67 labeling index was markedly increased in tumors expressing cyclin E, whereas it was significantly decreased in the cyclin D1 or p27Kip1 expressing-tumors. From survival analysis, cyclin E expression was the only significant variable for the prediction of poor survival. CONCLUSION: The abnormal expressions of cell cycle regulatory molecules are prevalent, and interrelated with each other in breast cancer. Integration of TMA technology allowed a high-throughput analysis for correlating molecular the in situ findings, with the clinico-pathologic information. Among the three molecules studied, the cyclin E had a prognostic implication for stage I and II breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cell Cycle ; Cyclin D1* ; Cyclin E* ; Cyclins* ; Estrogens ; Prognosis

Recently, many natural medicines, whose advantages are less side effects and possibility of long-term use, have been studied for their capacity, their anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects and regenerative potential of periodontal tissues. Cervi Parvum Cornu(CPC) have been traditionally used as an hale, growth, hematogenous, anti-aging, back pain in Eastern medicine. The purpose of present study was to investigate the effects of CPC extract on cell cycle progression and its molecular mechanism in human fetal osteoblasts. CPC extracts (10 microgram/ml) increased cell proliferation in the human fetal osteoblasts as compared to non-supplemented control. There was no significant change in the G1 and S phase, but a increase in the G2/M phase in 10 microgram/ml and 100 microgram/ml of CPC extracts group as compared to non-supplemented control. The protein expression of cyclin E, cdk 2, cyclin D, cdk 4, and cdk 6 was higher than that of control group. The level of p21 was lower than that of control. But that of pRb and p16 was not distinguished from control. These results indicate that the increase of cell proliferation by CPC extracts may be due to the increased expression of cyclin E , cdk 2, cyclin D, cdk 4 and cdk 6, and the decreased expression of p21 in human fetal osteoblasts .
Back Pain ; Cell Cycle* ; Cell Proliferation ; Cyclin D ; Cyclin E ; Cyclins ; Humans* ; Osteoblasts* ; S Phase