OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of octyl-a-cyanoacrylate upon bone healing and its degradation in vitro after middle tibial transverse fracture in rabbitsì and to establish treatment of higher efficacy with the application of octyl-a-cyanoacrylate.

METHODSMiddle tibial transverse fracture model of New Zealand rabbits was established. In the experimental group, internal fixation with 2 mm Kirschner wires was performed and the broken ends were fixed with octyl-a-cyanoacrylate. In the control group, only internal fixation with 2 mm Kirschner wires was conducted. Animals were killed at preset time intervals of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks postoperatively and samples were harvested.

RESULTSTwo weeks after operation, clear fracture lines were observed in both the experimental and the control groups. Fibrous soft tissue connection was noted between the broken ends and there was soft tissue adhesion around the fracture site. There was no callus formation and the broken ends were surrounded by adhesive soft tissues. Obvious external callus formation was confirmed at 8 weeks after operation in both groups with partial disappearance of fracture lines. Ten and twelve weeks after the operation, fracture lines disappeared completely and there was obvious external callus formation and bone union. In the fourth week, fibrous cells and chondrocytes were found to grow into the colloid and surround it at the 6th week. The adhesive material was degraded and gradually absorbed at the 8th week. Chondrification was observed.

CONCLUSIONSTwo weeks after fixation for tibial fracture in rabbits, octyl-a-cyanoacrylate begins in vivo degradation. Chondrocytes and fibrocytes gradually grow into the degradation area and surround the adhesive material, which broke into pieces at 8 weeks. Complete degradation and disappearance of the adhesive material is present between 10 and 12 weeks. No barrier effect hampering fracture healing is noted.

Adhesives ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Cyanoacrylates ; therapeutic use ; Rabbits ; Radiography ; Tibial Fractures ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; therapy

BACKGROUNDSelf and mutual-aiding occlusive dressing is a novel method to treat with the wounds in special circumstances. This study aims to prepare a new antimicrobial adhesive for the dressing and evaluate the application effects of the adhesive.

METHODSThe main component of the new antimicrobial adhesive was 5% triclosan / cyanoacrylate (CA) antimicrobial adhesive. The adhesive was modified with carboxylic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-COOH), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), hydrophobic nano-silica, nitrile rubber, epoxy resin and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) respectively. The bond strength, toughness and viscosity of the modified adhesive in different concentrations were examined to select the optimal modifying material and the best ratio to prepare the new antimicrobial adhesive according to the results. After that, the antimicrobial property of the new antimicrobial adhesive was tested by filter paper method. At last, we disposed the injury models in rats using the new antimicrobial adhesive to examine the application effects.

RESULTSIn individual tests, the bond strength modification performance of 0.064% MWCNTS-COOH is the best, the bond strength is (14.71 ± 1.48) Mpa. 8% nano-silica shows the best toughness modification performance, the Tg is (1.10 ± 0.24)°C. The viscosity modification performance of 8% nano-silica is the best, the viscosity is (15 536.68 ± 28.4) cP. However, consolidating three test results, 6% nano-silica/antimicrobial adhesive has the balanced bond strength, toughness and viscosity. Its bond strength is (14.03±1.92) Mpa, the Tg is (3.60 ± 0.68)°C, and the viscosity is (5 278.87 ± 31.68) cP. The inhibition zone diameter of 6% nano-silica/antimicrobial adhesive and antimicrobial adhesive group in Day 5 is (28.61 ± 0.91) mm versus (28.24 ± 2.69) mm (P > 0.05). In animal studies, both in blood routine test and pathological section, 6% nano-silica/antimicrobial adhesive group shows lower white blood cells count than gauze bandage group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS6% nano-silica has the optimal effect of bond strength modification, toughness modification and viscosity modification, and the antimicrobial adhesive modified with it has a good antimicrobial property (resistant staphylococcus aureus).

Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Cyanoacrylates ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Nanostructures ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Occlusive Dressings ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Triclosan ; chemistry ; therapeutic use

BACKGROUNDCurrently, adhesive technique is popular in vascular repair but not widely used for defective vessels. This study aimed to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of repairing defective vessels with 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate and a homemade prosthetic component.

METHODSHomemade prosthetic component consisting of expanded polytetrofluoroethylene (ePTFE), terylene film, and homemade soluble hollow stent mixed with adhesive can replace autologous graft and suture in repairing defective vessels, can fix vessels better using the stent without occlusive bleeding. Forty male mongrel dogs were used, 20 for biomechanical tests and 20 for animal experiments. In the biomechanical test, dogs were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10 each), one group repaired on the two sides of the carotid arteries with 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate and homemade component and another group repaired with suture and ePTFE. Of the 40 specimens, 10 were used for adhesive and 10 for suture specimens for tension strength test, whereas the remaining specimens were used for bursting pressure test. In animal experiments, dogs were also divided into adhesive and suture groups (n = 10), only of the left carotid artery. Recording the operational time, bleeding or not. Vessels were tested using color Doppler ultrasound, the inner diameter was measured, and the degree of stenosis at 8 weeks was evaluated digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were also performed. Specimens were then analyzed histologically.

RESULTSIn the adhesive and suture groups, the specimens could afford atension strength of (23.80 ± 1.51) N versus (24.60 ± 1.08) N (P > 0.05), the bursting pressure was (52.03 ± 2.43) kPa versus (50.04 ± 3.51) kPa (P > 0.05), and the mean time of anastomosis was (15.20 ± 0.55) minutes versus (25.97 ± 0.58) minutes (P < 0.05). One dog in the adhesive group was bleeding from the suture. One dog from each group presented with thrombosis at 1 week. After measuring using ultrasound, the stenosis degree of all dogs were no more than 30% except the two thromboses. DSA and histological observation showed no obvious difference between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONDefective vascular anastomosis with 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate and our homemade prosthetic component is feasible, effective, timesaving, and easy to master.

Anastomosis, Surgical ; methods ; Animals ; Carotid Arteries ; surgery ; Cyanoacrylates ; therapeutic use ; Dogs ; Male ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Vascular Surgical Procedures ; methods

Here, we report a case of scalp pseudoaneurysm which was treated by direct puncture embolization using n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate. The patient had a history of blunt trauma in the previous two months. Ultrasound-guided manual compression was initially attempted, but the results were unsatisfactory. Direct puncture embolization was then performed, and the pseudoaneurysm was completely obliterated. Non-surgical treatment options for pseudoaneurysm are briefly discussed.
Accidental Falls ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aneurysm, False/diagnosis/etiology/*therapy ; Cyanoacrylates/*therapeutic use ; Embolization, Therapeutic/*methods ; Female ; Humans ; Punctures ; Scalp/*injuries ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography, Doppler

During clinical operation, the repeated bonding of octyl-a-cyanoacrylate adhesive is necessary for satisfactory reduction and fixation. This is because the repeated bonding will change the morphologic characteristics of the bone surface in biomechanical study. The influence of repeated bonding of octyl-a-cyanoacrylate on fresh human tibia cortical bone was assessed in this experiment. First, we made the transverse fracture model on the anterior part of cortical bone of fresh human tibia shaft. After 24 hours of bonding, the tensile strength, shear strength and angular strength were tested; then we made the bonding for the second time and third time, tested the tensile strength, shear strength and angular strength respectively, and observed the change of tensile strength, shear strength and angular strength. We found the shear strength of the primary bonding being greater than that of the second bonding and the third bonding (P<0.05). The shear strength of the second bonding and the third bonding showed no statistically significant difference. The tensile strength, elastic modulus, rigidity coefficient and moment of area inertia exhibited no statistically difference between the first, second and third bonding. The repeated bonding of octyl-a-cyanoacrylate adhesive will change the morphologic characteristics of the bone surface, this will decrease the shear strength during the experiment. When the shear strength test is to be repeated, the residue of the adhesive on the surface of the bone bonded area should be removed. During clinical application, bonding should be performed only once in the area for resisting the shear strength.
Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Cements ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Cyanoacrylates ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Elastic Modulus ; Fracture Healing ; Humans ; Shear Strength ; Tensile Strength ; Tibia ; Tibial Fractures ; therapy ; Tissue Adhesives ; chemistry ; therapeutic use

A medical hard tissue adhesive, octyl-a-cyanoacrylate, was tested in 6 fresh human tibiae. A 90 degrees butter-fly fracture fragment was made in the middle part of tibia by bandsaw. The compressive stress, torsional stress and angular deflection were assessed before and after osteoectomy respectively. After adhesive bonding, the compressive stress, torsional stress and angular deflection were tested again. The butterfly fracture fagment decreased the bending strength, torsion strength, yielding strength of tibia bone. In torsion test, the torque of tibia before osteoectomy is greater than bonded tibia, the bonded tibia is greater than that of the unbonded tibia. In compression test, before adhesive bonding broken, the compressive curve slope of tibia before osteoectomy is greater than that of bonded tibia, the bonded tibia is greater than that of the unbonded tibia. In angular deflection test before adhesive bonding of broken,the curve slope of tibia before osteoectomy is not different from that of bonded tibia (P>0.05), the slope the bonded tibia is greater than the slope of unbonded tibia(P<0.05). The elastic modulus, rigidity coefficient and moment of area inertia show no statistical difference between the bonded tibia and intact tibia. The used of medical hard tissue adhesive to bond the fracture fragment could improve the bending strength, torsion strength, yielding strength of tibia bone. In operation, it can reduce the soft tissue injury when the fracture fragment is being fixed, and this will benefit bone healing.
Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Cements ; therapeutic use ; Cyanoacrylates ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fracture Healing ; Fractures, Comminuted ; surgery ; Humans ; Materials Testing ; Tensile Strength ; Tibia ; surgery ; Tibial Fractures ; surgery ; Tissue Adhesives ; chemistry ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical efficacy of TH glue (cyanoacrylate) obliteration of esophageal varices and partial spleen embolization (PSE) in the treatment of esophageal varices bleeding.

METHODSTH glue was injected into the gastroesophageal varices and their feeder veins in 84 patients. According to the size of the varices and their blood flow, the TH glue was injected alone or after a steel coil was placed at the ostium of the feeder vein. Sometimes absolute alcohol was also injected into the varices. PSE was performed after the TH glue obliteration in all patients.

RESULTS(1) The TH glue obliteration was performed on 81 patients with a success rate of 96.4%. Three patients died from the procedure. (2) The left gastric vein coronary, gastric varices, pericardial varices, and lower esophageal veins were obliterated in 38 patients (group 1). Left gastric vein, gastric varices, and pericardial veins were obliterated in 31 patients (group 2). Only the main gastric coronary vein was obliterated in 9 patients (group 3). The disappearance rate of the esophageal varices was 71.1% (27/38), 35.5% (11/31) and 0% (0/9) in the three groups. (3) During a follow-up of 6-49 months, rebleeding occurred in 13 of all 78 (16.7%) patients, and it was 7.9% (3/38), 12.9% (4/31) and 66.7% (6/9) respectively in the three groups.

CONCLUSIONOur results suggest percutaneous transhepatic TH glue obliteration of esophageal varices and PSE are safe and effective in treating gastroesophageal varicose bleeding.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Cyanoacrylates ; therapeutic use ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; methods ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spleen ; Tissue Adhesives ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult

Duodenal varices result from retroperitoneal portosystemic shunts that usually come from the pancreaticoduodenal vein and drain into the inferior vena cava. Because they are a rare but fatal cause of gastrointestinal bleeding, a prompt hemostatic intervention is mandatory. A 62-year-old man who had a history of excessive alcohol consumption presented with massive hematemesis and melena. Emergent endoscopy revealed ruptured varices with an adhering whitish fibrin clot on the postbulbar portion of the duodenum. Abdominal computed tomography demonstrated a cirrhotic liver with venous collaterals around the duodenum and extravasated contrast in the second and third portions. The collaterals originated from the main portal vein and drained via the right renal vein into the inferior vena cava. Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy with cyanoacrylate was successful in achieving hemostasis, and resulted in the near eradication of duodenal varices at a 6-month follow-up.
Cyanoacrylates/therapeutic use ; Duodenal Diseases/diagnosis/etiology/*therapy ; Duodenum/*blood supply ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology/*therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Portal Vein ; Rupture ; Sclerosing Solutions/therapeutic use ; *Sclerotherapy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Varicose Veins/complications/*therapy

We herein report the use of endoscopic n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate injections to obliterate a gastric varix, which led to cyanoacrylate embolisation in the splenic and portal veins in a single patient. Cyanoacrylate embolisation is a known but uncommonly reported complication of endoscopic sclerotherapy. This case report illustrates the successful management of this complication (i.e. cyanoacrylate embolisation in the splenic and portal veins) with anticoagulation and analyses the presentation and management of other cases of cyanoacrylate embolisation reported in the literature.
Aged ; Anticoagulants ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Blood Pressure ; Cyanoacrylates ; chemistry ; Embolism ; chemically induced ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Injections ; Male ; Portal Vein ; pathology ; Sclerotherapy ; Splenic Vein ; pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography, Doppler

Intravariceal injection of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate is widely used for the hemostasis of bleeding gastric varices, but not routinely for esophageal variceal hemorrhage because of various complications such as pyrexia, bacteremia, deep ulceration, and pulmonary embolization. We report a rare case of esophageal sinus formation after cyanoacrylate obliteration therapy for uncontrolled bleeding from post-endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) ulcer. A 50-year-old man with alcoholic liver cirrhosis presented with hematemesis. Emergent esophagogastroscopy revealed bleeding from large esophageal varices with ruptured erosion, and bleeding was initially controlled by EVL, but rebleeding from the post-EVL ulcer occurred at 17th day later. Although we tried again EVL and the injections of 5% ethanolamine oleate at paraesophageal varices, bleeding was not controlled. Therefore, we administered 1 mL cyanoacrylate diluted with lipiodol and bleeding was controlled. Three months after the endoscopic therapy, follow-up endoscopy showed medium to large-sized esophageal varices and sinus at lower esophagus. Barium esophagography revealed an outpouching in esophageal wall and endoscopic ultrasonography demonstrated an ostium with sinus. It is noteworthy that esophageal sinus can be developed as a rare late complication of endoscopic cyanoacrylate obliteration therapy.
Cyanoacrylates/administration & dosage/*adverse effects ; *Embolization, Therapeutic ; Endoscopy, Digestive System ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices/complications/*diagnosis/therapy ; Esophagus/radiography/ultrasonography ; Ethiodized Oil/therapeutic use ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/surgery/*therapy ; Humans ; Ligation ; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic/*complications/diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tissue Adhesives/administration & dosage/*adverse effects ; Ulcer/*complications