Brain Injuries ; nursing ; Custodial Care ; methods ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared

A real time monitoring terminal for the empty nest elderly based on extracting fabric type sensor and acceleration sensor combined with Bluetooth wireless communication technology is proposed. When the system detects arrhythmia and falls of the elderly, and then start the wireless bluetooth communication, complete the information interaction with mobile phone gateway device, so as to implement the rescue.
Cell Phone ; Custodial Care ; methods ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Monitoring, Ambulatory ; instrumentation ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; instrumentation ; Telemedicine ; instrumentation

Owing to low contributions and a limited benefits design, the Korean National Health Insurance (NHI) took only 12 years from its establishment to achieve universal population coverage. However, the NHI has been facing critical challenges like high out-of-pocket payment rates and catastrophic health expenditures because of low contributions and a limited benefits design. In response to these challenges, in 2013, as a major move towards universal coverage, the Korean government declared a plan to radically enhance the benefit coverage for four major conditions, including cancers, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and rare diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the benefit enhancement plan for these four major conditions and identify key success factors. Four major strategies were adopted to enhance benefit coverage: 1) covering almost all previously non-covered medical services either as essential or discretionary benefits, except for definite non-essential services such as cosmetic surgery; 2) improving conditions for benefit coverage corresponding to current scientific knowledge; 3) reducing high out-of-pocket payments considering income level; 4) reducing the financial burden from three major non-covered services including physician surcharges, private room charges, and private charges for custodial care. Despite impaired equity in financial protection across conditions, the plan is expected to reduce out-of-pocket payments by 10% in four major conditions. The actual impact of the plan should be evaluated after implementation. For the successful implementation of the plan, we need to strengthen the NHI's strategic purchasing by establishing a new benefit management system, improving claims review processes, and providing financial incentives rewarding quality and efficiency of care.
Custodial Care ; Health Expenditures ; Insurance Claim Review ; Korea ; Motivation ; National Health Programs* ; Patients' Rooms ; Program Evaluation ; Rare Diseases ; Reward ; Surgery, Plastic ; Universal Coverage*

With the number of persons over 60 years of age increasing at a rapid rate, chronic diseases threaten to cause suffering and disability for an increasing segment of the population while bankrupting health-care systems with the costs of therapeutic and custodial care for the elderly. The dietary intakes of more than 50% of the elderly people did not meet 75% of the estimated average requirements for vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin C, calcium and iron in Korea. Low dietary intakes of vitamins have been associated with higher risks of diseases in elderly people. Vitamins and minerals are well known essential nutrients for proper metabolism. Causes of lack of data in Korea, we should make some more precise recommendations for vitamins for aging people. Healthy habit such as regular exercise, balanced diet and avoidance of stresses are important way to maintain good health in elderly. But, micronutrients especially vitamins are one of essential nutrients for good health. So, Frail elderly people need to have well balanced diet for those micronutrients.
Aged* ; Aging ; Ascorbic Acid ; Calcium ; Chronic Disease ; Custodial Care ; Diet ; Frail Elderly ; Humans ; Iron ; Korea ; Metabolism ; Micronutrients ; Minerals ; Riboflavin ; Vitamin A ; Vitamins*