Current ; Kidney Diseases ; Japan

Current ; Tuberculosis ; Child

Current ; trends ; Coronary Arteriosclerosis

No abstract available.
Tinnitus* ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation*

Transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) is a clinically safe and effective method of delivering weak electric current to modulate cortical activities. And based on the cumulating scientific evidences, the method is recommended to treat major depressive disorder (MDD) and other psychiatric disorders. In this paper, we review the development of TDCS in the rising field of neuromodulation. Then with suggested biochemical and physical mechanism of TDCS, we summarize the reported cases of using TDCS to alleviate major neuropsychiatric disorders. And, in particular, the treatment of MDD is highlighted as an illustrative example of using TDCS. We discuss here the therapeutic potentials of this method in psychiatry. And in closing remarks, we evaluate the current technical limitations and suggest the future directions of this method in both the clinical and research aspects.
Depressive Disorder, Major ; Methods ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive neuromodulation technique, has been increasingly used to treat bipolar depression. Researchers recently noticed the risk of tDCS-emergent mania/hypomania in depressed patients and started to evaluate this risk by launching a meta-analysis. Here we present a female with bipolar II depression who rapidly developed hypomanic switching during bifrontal tDCS.
Bipolar Disorder* ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation*

OBJECTIVE: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique increasingly used to relieve symptoms of psychiatric disorders. Electrophysiologic markers, such as electroencephalography (EEG) and event-related potentials (ERP), have high temporal resolution sensitive to detect plastic changes of the brain associated with symptomatic improvement following tDCS application. METHODS: We performed systematic review to identify electrophysiological markers that reflect tDCS effects on plastic brain changes in psychiatric disorders. A total of 638 studies were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, psychINFPO. Of these, 21 full-text articles were assessed eligible and included in the review. RESULTS: Although the reviewed studies were heterogeneous in their choices of tDCS protocols, targeted electrophysiological markers, and disease entities, their results strongly support EEG/ERPs to sensitively reflect plastic brain changes and the associated symptomatic improvement following tDCS. CONCLUSION: EEG/ERPs may serve a potent tool in revealing the mechanisms underlying psychiatric symptoms, as well as in localizing the brain area targeted for stimulation. Future studies in each disease entities employing consistent tDCS protocols and electrophysiological markers would be necessary in order to substantiate and further elaborate the findings of studies included in the present systematic review.
Brain ; Electroencephalography ; Electrophysiology* ; Evoked Potentials ; Plastics ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation*

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the static balance ability of patients with back pain.METHODS: The subjects comprised of 30 males and females in their 20s, who were divided into two groups with and without tDCS. The balance posture ratio score was calculated to determine the changes in balance ability before and after the application of tDCS using balance equipment. A paired t-test was conducted to determine the changes over time, and an independent t-test was performed to determine the changes between the groups. The significance level was set to α=0.05.RESULTS: A significant difference in the changes in the static balance ability of CTDCSG between before and after applying tDCS was observed while the subjects' eyes were open (p<0.05). A comparison between the groups after the experiments revealed significantly increased changes in CTDCSG compared to STDCSE (p<0.05). The changes in static balance ability were not significant when the subjects' eyes were closed (p>0.05).CONCLUSION: The application of tDCS positively changed the static balance ability of patients with back pain. The results of this study showed that tDCS could be used as an intervention to increase the static balance ability of patients with back pain in the clinical field. The study results could be used further as foundational data for future studies on tDCS.
Back Pain ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Posture ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is an emerging non-invasive brain stimulation technique. However, the rehabilitation effect of tDCS on stroke disease is unclear. In this paper, based on electroencephalogram (EEG) and complex network analysis methods, the effect of tDCS on brain function network of stroke patients during rehabilitation was investigated. The resting state EEG signals of 31 stroke rehabilitation patients were collected and divided into stimulation group (16 cases) and control group (15 cases). The Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between the channels, brain functional network of two groups were constructed before and after stimulation, and five characteristic parameters were analyzed and compared such as node degree, clustering coefficient, characteristic path length, global efficiency, and small world attribute. The results showed that node degree, clustering coefficient, global efficiency, and small world attributes of brain functional network in the tDCS group were significantly increased, characteristic path length was significantly reduced, and the difference was statistically significant (
Brain ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Stroke ; Stroke Rehabilitation ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a brain stimulation intervention technique, which has the problem of different criteria for the selection of stimulation parameters. In this study, a four-layer real head model was constructed. Based on this model, the changes of the electric field distribution in the brain with the current intensity, electrode shape, electrode area and electrode spacing were analyzed by using finite element simulation technology, and then the optimal scheme of electrical stimulation parameters was discussed. The results showed that the effective stimulation region decreased and the focusing ability increased with the increase of current intensity. The normal current density of the quadrilateral electrode was obviously larger than that of the circular electrode, which indicated that the quadrilateral electrode was more conducive to current stimulation of neurons. Moreover, the effective stimulation region of the quadrilateral electrode was more concentrated and the focusing ability was stronger. The focusing ability decreased with the increase of electrode area. Specifically, the focusing tended to increase first and then decrease with the increase of electrode spacing and the optimal electrode spacing was 64.0-67.2 mm. These results could provide some basis for the selection of electrical stimulation parameters.
Brain ; Electric Stimulation ; Electrodes ; Head ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation