OBJECTIVETo purify polyphenols from Sabina vulgaris and to investigate its antioxidant properties.

METHODSPolyphenols were purified from Sabina vulgaris Antoine with macroporous resin HPD-700, and the quantity of polyphenols was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetry. The antioxidant properties of polyphenols were evaluated by total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and its activities of scavenging DPPH (1,1 diphenyl-2-picry-hydrazyl) radicals, superoxide anion (O2·-), hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP).

RESULTSAfter purification, the purity of polyphenols increased from 0.053% to 0.995%.The antioxidant properties study showed that its inhibition rate of scavenging DPPH radicals and FRAP was 151.83 U/ml and 204.59 U/ml. Its scavenging capacity for superoxide anion (O2·-) and hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) was 151.83 U/ml and 204.59 U/ml. The total antioxidant capacity was 72.68 U/ml.

CONCLUSIONPolyphenols from Sabina vulgaris Antoine have high antioxidant properties, suggesting that it worth further study of its pharmacological effects.

Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; Cupressaceae ; chemistry ; Polyphenols ; isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo determine the contents of total saponin in the unprocessed Semen Platycladi and defatted powder of Semen Platycladi.

METHODThrough contrasting different coloration, proper condition was selected by using orthogonal test design. Spectrophotometry was established to determine the contents of total saponin in the unprocessed Semen Platycladi and defatted powder of Semen Platycladi.

RESULTColoration system of vanillin-acetic acid-sulfuric acid was determined. The proper condition of coloration was that sulfuric acid was 80%, water bathed 85 and heated for 10 minutes. The contents of total saponin in unprocessed Semen Platycladi was 0.142% the content of total saponin in the defatted powder of Semen Platycladi was 0. 319%.

CONCLUSIONThis method, stable, simple and quick, is applicable to the determination of total saponin in Semen Platycladi. A Little of total saponin is lost in the processing course of Semen Platycladi.

Cupressaceae ; chemistry ; Fatty Acids ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Powders ; Saponins ; analysis ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Temperature ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo establish a baking method of Platycladi Cacumen Carbonisatum for providing a new idea to Carbonic Herbs' research.

METHODSamples were prepared in an oven for different time at different temperatures separately. Then the fingerprints of the samples were determined by UPLC. According to the standard fingerprint, the similarities of the samples' fingerprints were compared.

RESULTThe similarities of 3 samples, which were baked at 230 degrees C for 20 min, 30 min and at 240 degrees C for 20 min, were above 0.96.

CONCLUSIONAccording to the similarities of the fingerprints and in view of the appearances, Platycladi Cacumen Carbonizing should be baked at 230 degrees C for 20 min.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Cupressaceae ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

OBJECTIVETo investigate the flavonoids in Platycladi Cacumen.

METHODThe constituents in Platycladi Cacumen were determined by UPLC-MS. A Waters BEH C18 column (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 1.7 microm) was used with a gradient elution of methanol-water containing 0.2% formic acid. The mass spectrometer equipped with electrospay ionization source was used as defector and operated in data was collected under the negative ion modes.

RESULTEleven constituents were identified.

CONCLUSIONIn this study, the main flavonoids in Platycladi Cacumen were separated by UPLC, and identified through the information of mass number and UV spectra. With the information of MS/MS from flavonoids, the modes of breaking up flavonoids were discussed. It is an accurate and effective method which can be applied for the constituent identification of Platycladi Cacumen.

Chromatography, Liquid ; methods ; Cupressaceae ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry

OBJECTIVEThe optimum conditions of SFE-CO2 extraction of Plantaginis Semen oil (SPO), the composition of SPO and its antioxidant activities of SPO were all investigated in this paper.

METHODResponse surface method (RSM) was used to establish the mathematical model of SFE-CO2 extraction of SPO to obtain the optimum conditions based on Single factor experiments. Fatty acid compositions and contents of SPO were tested by GC-MS, and antioxidant activities of SPO were studied by DPPH and ABTS free radical elimination method.

RESULTThe optimum conditions obtained through RSM analysis were as follows: extraction tempreture 70 degrees C, extraction pressure 30 MPa, extraction time 120 min and flow rate 30 L x h(-1). Under the optimal condition, predicted value was 35.91%, while the experimental value was 35.07%. The experimental values agree with the predicted from the regression model with a relative error less than 5%. The main components of SPO were 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, 8,11-octadecadienoic acid, octadecanoic acid and hexadecanoic acid. Most of the fatty acids were polyunsaturated fatty ones, whose quantities were obtained more than 88%. The IC50DPPH and IC50ABTS were 1.13, 3.57 g x L(-1) respectively in DPPH and ABTS assay.

CONCLUSIONOptimization of the extraction process by RSM of SPO is convenient and feasible. SPO has good antioxidant activity and is worth to develop for application.

Antioxidants ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Carbon Dioxide ; chemistry ; Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid ; methods ; Cupressaceae ; chemistry ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Plant Oils ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

In a large number of a1lergic cases, inhalant allergens, particularly airborne pollens and mo1ds am important causative, triggering agents in respiratory, even in skinanergy. It is essential for diagnosis and treatment of airborne allergy to survey the airborne pollen and mo1d in the patient's living area. Rotorod samp1er was installed on the well-ventilated rooftop of Hanyang Kuri Hospital in Kuri-shi, Kyunggi-do as the vicinity of Seoul. Airborne allergens were collected from October 1, 1995 to September 30, 1996 daily and were stained with Calberla`s fuchsin and were identified, counted under the light microscope (400Xfor pollen, 1000Xfor mold). The data were compared with the local daily weather report. The airborne pollen was found from 12th February to 22nd December. The maximal period for pollen collection was 7th-25th May (Maximal count:492 grains/ August. There were Alnus, Betula, Pinus, Quercus, Acer, Ulmus, PopuluS, Cupressaceae, Ginkgo, Corylus, Salk in the tree season from middle of February to middle of July. The grass season ranged from middle of March to end of November. There were Artemisia, Ambrosia, HumuluS, Chenopodium-Amaranthus, rumex, Plantago, Trifoium, Humulus, Chrysanthemum, Cyperus in the weed season ranged from middle of July to end of December. Airborne molds were collected all through the year except JanuaIgamma but, counted maximally from the middle of June to end l August. There were CladosPorium, Alternaria, ascospore of Leptospheria, Periconia, Myxomycete, Drechs1era, Rust urediniospores, Basidiospore, ToruIa, Xylariaceae, IOidimn, Nigrospom, Stempi1y1ium, Amphispheda, Fusarium, Aspergil1us. In Korea, there are great number of the allergic patients, but we have had a little records and data about study of relationship between the allergic diseases and airborne environmental allergens. we will reported those results completely in future.
Acer ; Allergens ; Alnus ; Alternaria ; Ambrosia ; Artemisia ; Betula ; Chrysanthemum ; Cladosporium ; Corylus ; Cupressaceae ; Cyperus ; Diagnosis ; Fungi* ; Fusarium ; Ginkgo biloba ; Gyeonggi-do* ; Humans ; Humulus ; Hypersensitivity ; Korea ; Myxomycetes ; Pinus ; Plantago ; Poaceae ; Pollen ; Populus ; Quercus ; Rosaniline Dyes ; Rumex ; Seasons ; Seoul ; Trees ; Ulmus ; Weather

OBJECTIVETo establish the quality control standard for Xueyakang capsule.

METHODRadix Rehmanniae, Cacumen Platycladi, Folium Artemisiae Argyi, Folium Nelumbinis were identified by TLC, and the content of quercitrin was determined by HPLC.

RESULTThe TLC sports developed was fairly clear, the HPLC method showed good repeatability, and the average recovery of quercitrin was 100.7% with RSD 2.0%.

CONCLUSIONThe method is simple, accurate and can effectively control quality of Xueyakang capsule.

Antihypertensive Agents ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Artemisia ; chemistry ; Capsules ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Cupressaceae ; chemistry ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Nelumbo ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Quercetin ; analysis ; Rehmannia ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo discuss the hemostasis of the different polarities of Platycladi Cacumen Carbonisatum (PCC) on the blood heat and hemorrhage syndrome rat model induced by dry yeast.

METHODThe SD rats were divided into seven groups. Yunnan Baiyao was taken as the positive control drug. The rats in the control group and model group were fed with CMC-Na for 7 days, and the rats in other groups were fed with corresponding drugs simultaneously. On day 7, the blood heat and hemorrhage syndrome rat model was established. Indexes including the whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, thrombin time (TT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen content (FIB), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), blood platelet count (PLT), thrombocytocrit (PCT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW) and the rate of platelet aggregation induced by ADP were detected. Additionally, the pathological examinations of lungs among each group were compared.

RESULTCompared with the control group, the RBC, HGB and HCT of rats in the model group increased significantly, with distinct increase in high, middle and low whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity of rats in the model group; TT and APTT were notably prolonged, while PT was notably shortened, with significant increase in FIB content; PLT, PCT, MPV and PDW remarkably increased; Additionally, the rate of platelet aggregation induced by ADP significantly decreased. After ig administration of the ethyl acetate extract of PCC, the low whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity remarkably decreased; TT and APTT were significantly shortened, with notable reduction in PDW and in FIB content Additionally, the rate of platelet aggregation induced by ADP significantly increased. The injury of lungs was also improved in ethyl acetate extract group. The rate of platelet aggregation induced by ADP of n-butanol extract group notablly increased. Plasma viscosity of water extract group remarkably decreased, with TT being significantly shortened. But the effects of n-butanol extract or water extract were weaker than that of ethyl acetate extract. And the effect of petroleum ether extract was the weakest.

CONCLUSIONEthyl acetate extract is the active part of PCC, showing the effect of hemostasis by reducing the low whole blood and plasma viscosity, improving coagulation function mainly by acting on the endogenous coagulation, and ameliorating the function of platelet aggregation.

Animals ; Blood Coagulation ; drug effects ; Blood Viscosity ; drug effects ; Cupressaceae ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Filtration ; Hemostatics ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Male ; Platelet Aggregation ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Thrombin Time

OBJECTIVETo discuss the effect and mechanism of Platycladi Cacumen Carbonisatum (PCC) on rats with blood heat and hemorrhage syndromes.

METHODRats were fed with 15 g x kg(-1) water decoctions of Zingiberis Rhizoma and 5% alcohol for 15 days to establish the blood-heat and hemorrhage syndrome model. Yunnan Baiyao was taken as the positive control drug, and PCC decoctions (5.0, 10.0 g x kg(-1)) were given simultaneously, in order to detect changes in general physical signs of rats, such as body weight, daily diet, volume of daily drinking and urine and stool, and rectal temperature. Automatic hematology analyzers was used to determine white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), and hematocrit (HCT), blood time by docking (BT). Blood rheometers was used to detect whole blood and plasma viscosities, thrombin time (TT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and fibrinogen content (FIB). Indexes related to thyroid functions, such as triiodothyronine (T3), tetraiodothyronine (T4), reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured by radio-immunoassay, and changes in lung tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) stain.

RESULTAfter modeling, rats witnessed slow-down in weight growth rate, significant increase in daily diet, volume of daily drinking, urine and temperature, significant decrease in stools and their water content (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), rise in plasma T4 level, notable growth in T3 and rT3 concentrations (P < 0.05), decline in TSH concentration. Additionally, their WBC, RBC, HGB and HCT remarkably increased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), with significant increase in high, middle and low whole blood viscosities and plasma viscosity (P < 0.01); their BT, TT, APTT were notably prolonged (P < 0.01), with significant increase in FIB content (P < 0.01). After oral administration of Yunnan Baiyao or PCC, rats of all groups showed significant improvement in blood heat syndromes (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and their blood coagulation indexes including BT, TT, APTT, FIB, thyroid function indexes including T4, T3, rT3, TSH, WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity were getting normal (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONPCC can ameliorate blood heat symptoms and pathologic hemorrhage among rats with blood heat and hemorrhage syndromes by inhibiting thyroid functions and correcting hemorheological and coagulation disorders.

Animals ; Blood Cell Count ; Blood Coagulation ; drug effects ; Blood Viscosity ; drug effects ; Body Weight ; drug effects ; Cupressaceae ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Hemorrhage ; blood ; drug therapy ; Hot Temperature ; Lung ; drug effects ; pathology ; Male ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; Plant Shoots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ; Syndrome ; Thyroid Hormones ; blood

OBJECTIVES: Tree pollen causes allergic rhinitis and asthma. We investigated children who diagnosed as rhinitis or asthma, living in Busan, for tree allergen sensitization, component allergen, oral allergy syndrome, and the relationship between pollen counts and allergen sensitization.METHODS: Pollen were collected in Busan, from January 1 to December 31, 2017, using a Rotorod sampler and enumerated using a microscope. We conducted a study of children with rhinitis or asthma at Busan St. Mary's Hospital in 2017, administered an ISAAC questionnaire, and an oral allergy syndrome survey. Serum specific Ig E tests were performed.RESULTS: Among the 57 patients, the mean age was 9.3 years. The pollen counts in decreasing order were as follows: pine, alder, oak, juniper, beech, ginkgo, and birch. For sensitization, birch and alder 35.1%, Japanese cedar 19.3%, juniper 17.5%, pine 10.5%, and Japanese cypress 8.2%. The component Ig E was tested in 27 patients. Bet v 1 had a high correlation with birch, alder, and peach. Bet v 2 showed a statistically significant correlation with all tree pollen except cypress. Bet v 4 did not have any apparent correlation. Bet v 6 had the same pattern as Bet v 2, but correlation coefficient was higher than that of Bet v 2. Oral allergy syndrome was noted in 7 patients, including peach, peanut, apple, tomato, kiwi, and sesame.CONCLUSIONS: Alder and juniper are clinically important tree pollens in Busan. These pollens cause sensitization to birch and Japanese cedar by cross-reaction.
Alnus ; Arachis ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Asthma ; Betula ; Busan ; Child ; Cryptomeria ; Cupressus ; Fagus ; Ginkgo biloba ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Juniperus ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; Pollen ; Prunus persica ; Rhinitis ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; Sesamum ; Trees