Objective To investigate the surgical selection of retinal detachment with myopic macular holes. Methods Management strategies were adopted according to the ocular symptoms of patients with high myopia involved in posterior chorioretinal atrophy, the colour showed by the bottom of macular holes and the shape of posterior staphyloma. Seventy-five eyes of 72 patients fulfilled the study criteria. The patients were followed up in an average of eight-month-observation and were divided into three groups: single 16% C2F6 gas tamponade (26 eyes of 26 patients) as group A,vitrectomy combined with 16% C2F6 gas tamponade (26 eyes of 23 patients) as group B and vitrectomy with silicon oil tamponade (23 eyes of 23 patients) as group C. Results 69.2%(18/26) of the macular holes were closed in group A, 73.1%(19/26)in group B and 87.0% (20/23) in group C after the primary surgery. Comparison of postoperative outcomes,macular hole closure rate was not significantly different among three groups (P= 0.3184). Conclusions It suggests that good anatomic retinal reattachment be achieved using any approach. However, the optimal surgical choice regarding of the personality case offered less surgical burden and more rapid visual rehabilitation to patients.

Objective To investigate the risk factors associated with neovascular glaucoma (NVG) after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).Methods Retrospective study.One hundred and thirty-seven patients (137 eyes) with PDR who underwent PPV were recruited.There were 85 males and 52 females.The average age was (60.1 ± 8.8) years old.The duration of diabetes was (10.2 ± 3.6) years.There were 49 patients with ipsilateral carotid artery stenosis.Fifty-three eyes underwent intravitreal ranibizumab or conbercept injection before PPV.All eyes were treated with 23G standard three-port PPV.The average follow-up time after PPV was 11.5 months.Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) was conducted in postoperative 4-6 weeks to observe non-perfused retinal areas.Risk factors,such as ipsilateral carotid artery stenosis,the presence of non-perfusion in retina after PPV and the application of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs before PPV,were identified by logistic regression.Results Twenty of 137 patients (14.6％) developed postoperative NVG after PPV.Ipsilateral carotid artery stenosis [odds ratio (OR) =5.048,95％ confidence interval (CI) 2.057-12.389,P=0.000] and the presence of non-perfusion in retina after PPV (OR=4.274,95％CI 1.426-12.809,P=0.009) were significant risk factors for postoperative NVG,while the application of anti-VEGF drugs was not (OR=1.426,95％CI 0.463-4.395,P=0.536).But the time from PPV to the onset of NVG varies significantly between the two groups of injection of anti-VEGF drugs or not (t=-4.370,P=0.000).Conclusions Risk factors associated with NVG after PPV in eyes with PDR included ipsilateral carotid artery stenosis and the presence of non-perfusion in retina after PPV.The application of anti-VEGF drugs before PPV can delay the onset of NVG in PDR eyes after vitrectomy.

Objective To observe the efficacy ofvitrectomy combined with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling and scleral shortening for myopic foveoschisis (MF).Methods Prospective and non-randomized concurrent control study.A total of 35 MF patients (35 eyes) were enrolled in this study.The patients were divided into 2 groups according to surgery,including group A (18 eyes) and group B (17 eyes),all received vitrectomy combined with ILM peeling,but group A also received scleral shortening.The best corrective visual acuity (BCVA) examination using the Snellen vision chart was converted to the minimum resolution logarithm (logMAR).Ocular axis length (AL) was measured by Zeiss IOL-Master or A-scan ultrasound (Quantel Medical,France).The maximal value of retinal foveoschisis (MxFT) was measured by frequency-domain optical coherence tomography (Heidelberg,Germany).Multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) responses were obtained with the RETIscan system (Roland Consult,Gemany).There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P＞0.05) in age (t=0.460),AL (t=1.520),diopter (t=0.020),logMAR BCVA (t=-2.280),MxFT (Z=-4.179) and b-wave ERG amplitude (Z=-0.198).The changes of BCVA,AL,MxFT and b wave amplitude were followed-up for 3-12 months.Results At the last follow-up,the height of MF was decreased in 18 eyes of group A,and MF was completely disappeared in 4 eyes.The logMAR BCVA (t=7.272,5.951),MxFT (Z=-3.724,-3.622) and b-wave ERG amplitude (Z=-3.223,-3.243) in both groups A and B were statistically improved (P=0.000,0.000,0.000,0.000,0.001,0.001) compared to pre-operational results.There was significant difference of logMAR BCVA (t=-2.280) and MxFT (Z=-4.179) between the two groups (P=0.029,0.000).But there was no significant difference in the amplitude of b-wave (Z=-0.198,P=0.843).The AL in group A was shortened after surgery,the difference was statistically significant (t=10.017,P=0.000).During the follow-up,there was no ocular hemorrhage,endophthalmitis and other complications.Conclusion PPV combined with ILM peeling and scleral shortening can shorten AL significantly for MF patients,and gain relative normal anatomical structure of the fovea,thus improve the vision.

Objective:To observe the changes of the structure and visual function of the retina in patients with or without the ectopic inner foveal layers (EIFL) and to explore the factors influencing the recovery of visual function in patients with idiopathic epimacular membrane (IMEM).Methods:A retrospective clinical study. From March 2015 to June 2019, 90 patients with MEM who were diagnosed by Ophthalmic Center of the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University were enrolled in the study. All patients were examined by best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and frequency domain optical coherence scan. BCVA was recorded by Snellen vision table, and it was converted into the minimum resolution angle logarithm (logMAR) vision. Among 90 eyes, IMEM grade 2-4 was 68 (75.6%, 68/90), 18 (20.0%, 18/90), 4 (4.4%, 4/90), respectively. According to this, the grade 2 was set as group A, and the grade 3 and grade 4 were combined to group B. There was no significant difference in age ( t=0.015), sex composition ratio of patients between two groups ( χ2=0.060) and the average of central macular thickness (CMT) ( F=2.277) ( P=0.904, 0.809, 0.141). The difference of average logMAR and BCVA was statistically significant ( F=35.913, P=0.000). All patients underwent 25G pars plana three channel vitrectomy with simultaneous removal of epiretinal membrane and internal limiting membrane. BCVA, CMT and improvement of IMEM grading were observed at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after operation. BCVA, EIFL thickness and CMT were compared before and after operation by single factor repeated variance analysis; Fisher exact probability method was used to compare the changes of the anatomical structure of the eyes in the two groups at 12 months after operation. Results:1, 3, 6, 12 months after operation, the average eyes of logMAR BCVA in group A were 0.50±0.13, 0.38±0.12, 0.27±0.12, 0.19±0.10. The patients in group B were 0.66±0.14, 0.60±0.13, 0.54±0.14, 0.52±0.14. CMT in group A were 364.82±81.29, 281.65±72.45, 228.55±55.34, 182.84±56.13 μm. The patients in group B were 455.88±69.60, 440.18±68.65, 383.76±65.38, 371.39±66.60 μm. The difference was statistically significant in the two groups (BCVA: F=37.913, 11.479, 24.250, 39.013; P=0.000, 0.002, 0.000, 0.000. CMT: F=10.987, 39.610, 55.789, 79.987; P=0.002, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000). In group A, IMEM was improved to 57 eyes of grade 1 on 12 months after operation. Among the 18 eyes in group B, IMEM was improved to 1 and 3 eyes in level 1 and level 2, respectively, and no improvement was found in 4 eyes in grade 4. The difference was statistically significant ( P=0.000) in the improvement of the number of eyes in the two groups. Conclusions:The patients with IMEM without EIFL have better visual prognosis and reversible anatomical changes. EIFL is an important factor affecting the visual function and anatomical structure recovery after operation.