ISO 15189 standard quality management system developed by the International Organi-zation for Standardization (ISO) embodies the international medical laboratory's latest quality management concept, and puts forward the quality improvement method of the standard. In this research, ISO 15189, as an important content in practice teaching for laboratory medicine, was designed according to the elements of this system. Students were requested to participate in every linkage of laboratory quality management by writing system document, taking part in quality activity, and practicing the key and difficult points of tech-nique in quality system in order not only to cultivate their basic idea of ISO 15189 standard, but also to make them familiar with the basic patterns of laboratory accreditation system and process, which could make them become the backbone of the laboratory quality management quickly in their vocational positions in the future.

Objective To understand the drug resistance status of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase(ESBLs)-producing Esche-richia coli (E.coli)and Klebsiella pneumonia (KPN ),and the prevalence situation of TEM and SHV genotype in Wusu city.Meth-ods E.coli and KPN isolated in two hospitals of Wusu city from July 2011 to June 2013 were collected and the drug sensitivity test was performed by the disk diffusion method (K-B method),the ESBLs preliminary screening and the phenotypic confirmatory test were carried according to the guideline of CLSI,and at the same time DNA of ESBLs producing strains was extracted and the TEM and SHV genes among them were tested by PCR and the electrophoresis method.Results Totally 221 strains of E.coli and 153 strains of KPN were collected,among them ESBLs producing strains were 37 strains and 43 strains respectively,and the detec-tion rate of ESBLs in KPN was higher than that in E.coli(χ2 =6.942,P <0.01).The drug resistance of two kinds of bacteria were similar,the resistance rate of ESBLs producing strains to beta lactam antibacterial drugs was obviously higher than that in non-en-zyme producing strains,which was mostly more than 90%;the resistance rate to penicillin and the first or second generation cepha-losporins was almost 100%;which to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin was above 50%;while which to carbapenem was lower,less than 5%.The detection rates of TEM and SHV genes were 72.9% and 54% in ESBLs producing E.coli and 81.4% and 65.1% in KPN respectively,the detection rates were basically consistent without statistically significant differences between them (P >0.05).Conclusion The detection rate of ESBLs producing E.coli and KPN in Wusu city is higher,the drug resistance situation is severe,and TEM,SHV are the important genotypes of ESBLs.

Objective To evaluate the significance of cytometric beads array(CBA)in the detection of Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods The levels of 7 cytokines (IL-2,IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,TNF,IFN-γ and IL-17A) were detected by CBA according to the instruction of BD CBA Human Th1/Th2/Th17 Cytokine Kit(BD Biosciences,USA)in the serum of 98 patients with tuberculosis(38 sputum-smear positive and 60 sputum-smear negative)and 79 healthy individuals.Then analyze the relationship and differences among these groups.Results Except IL-17A,the level of IL-2,IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,TNF,IFN-γwas higher in the patients group than control group;As to IL-2,IL-4,IL-10 and IFN-γ,the sputum-smear positive group had a higher level than control group,but the sputum-smear positive group had no difference with sputum-smear negative group.Com-pared with sputum-smear negative group,the sputum-smear positive group have a higher level of IL-6 and TNF.Conclusion IL-6 and TNF can be used to monitor the prognosis of tuberculosis.Meanwhile,CBA is sensitive,could detect several cytokines once with less sample consumption and time,thus could be applied for the monitor of tuberculosis progress.

Objective To investigate the genotyping characteristics of Han and Uygur patients with hepatitis C virus(HCV) in Urumqi and other area of Xinjiang ,and provide information for diagnosis and treatment .Methods Totally 380 samples of Han and Uygur patients virus load were detected by real - time PCR ,with the load greater than 1 × 103 copies/mL ,HCV genotyping was carried out by PCR - reverse dot blot hybridization .Results A total of 355 samples(93 .4% ) was genotyped successful .Type 1b of Han and Uygun were 59 .91% ,69 .92% ,type 2a were 30 .17% ,12 .20% ,type 3a were 5 .60% ,8 .13% and type 3b were 3 .88% , 8 .94% .In Urumqi and other areas ,significant difference of patient distribution ,male and female were found between Han and Uygur patients(all P< 0 .05) ,In Urumqi ,type 2a had significant difference between Uygur and Han male patients ,type 1b ,3b had significant difference in female patients(P< 0 .05) .In other areas except Urumqi ,type 2a had significant difference between Uygur and Han man(P< 0 .05) ,other genotypes were not found difference(P> 0 .05) .Conclusion HCV genotyping of Uygur and Han patients in Xinjiang is different with the majority areas in China ,type 1b and 2a are the main infectious virus in Han ,and type 1b is the main infectious virus in Uygur ,followed by type 2a ,3a ,3b .

Objective To study the association between serum free fatty acid (FFA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS).Methods According to the classification criteria,a total of 90 newly diagnosed AS patients,223 healthy individuals and 82 patients with non-inflammatory diseases were divided into three groups,and biochemistry and immunology biomarks were measured in all individuals.One-Way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to compare the difference between the three groups in the serum indexes,and Logistic regression analysis was used to identify AS risk factors associated with AS.Results There were no significant differences in gender,age,body mass index (BMI),white blood cells (WBC),high-level data link control (HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein control (LDL-C),lipoproteins [Lp (a)],alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and TG in the three groups,and our results showed that serum FFA was statistical different between the three groups (F=24.191,P＜0.01),the serum level of FFA in patients with AS was higher compared with patients with noninflammatory diseases and healthy controls [(0.48 ±0.18) mmol/L,(0.28 ±0.09) mmol/L,(0.29±0.16) mmol/L;t=-5.969,P＜0.01;t=5.106,P＜0.01].Seral IgA,IgG,IgM levels,ESR and CRP were statistically different between the three groups (F=14.870,P＜0.01;F=16.464,P＜0.01;F=4.124,P=0.018;F=97.002,P＜0.01;F=22.069,P＜0.01).Gender,age,BMI,serum IgA,IgM,ALP,HDL-C,LDL-C,Lp(a) and TG levels were not associated with AS by logistic regression analysis.However,serum IgG level,ESR and CRP were associated with AS [OR05％CI):1.659(1.032,2.660),P=0.037;OR05％CI):1.340(1.005,1.787),P=0.046;OR05％CI):1.820 (1.025,3.232),P=0.041],and there is an association between FFA and AS was observed in logistic regression analysis (OR=1.132,95％CI:1.014-1.421,P=0.033).Conclusion We suggest that incre-ased FFA is closely associated with AS,and may be an underlying risk factor for AS.

Objective: To find the differential expression profiles of circRNA in whole blood and predict its target genes in blood of patients with tuberculosis in Xinjiang, and explore the relationship between circRNA and the development of tuberculosis. Methods: The circRNAs expression in peripheral blood from 3 pulmonary tuberculosis patients and 3 healthy individuals were tested by using circRNA microarray assay. The whole blood from 43 patients with tuberculosis, 40 healthy individuals and 43 patients with pneumonia were collected to verify the results by real-time quantitative PCR system. The possibility of differentially expressed circRNA target genes were predicted by circRNA target gene prediction database. Results: In the results of microarray assay 835 circRNAs were found to be expressed differentially in whole blood between the tuberculosis patients and healthy controls of Xinjiang area, of which 249 circRNAs were up-regulated and 586 circRNAs were down-regulated in the patients. The expressions of four significantly different circRNA were verified by real time quantitative PCR and the results showed that hsa_circ_0008276, hsa_circ_0003452, hsa_circ_0001846 and hsa_circ_0090508 were down-regulated (P＜0.05), and hsa_circ_0090508 was the more specific than the other three circRNAs. The results of circRNA target genes prediction suggested that has-miR-1294, has-miR-604, has-miR-616, has-miR-663b and has-miR-486-3p may be the potential target genes of hsa_circ_0090508. Conclusion The differentially expressed circRNA hsa_circ_0090508 was significantly downregulated in the patients with tuberculosis and may affect the regulation mechanism of tuberculosis through target genes.