【Objective】 To explore the effect of massive blood transfusion on inflammatory factors, islet B cell function, incidence and mortality of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in patients with severe traumatic hemorrhage. 【Methods】 214 traumatic hemorrhage patients who received blood transfusion and were hospitalized in the Third People′s Hospital of Xingtai from January 2015 to June 2019 were enrolled and divided into the routine blood transfusion group (n=118) and massive blood transfusion group (n=96) according to the amount and method of blood transfusion. The changes of the inflammatory factors such as TNF α and IL-6, the functional indexes of Islet B cells such as HOMA-B and Δ INS30 / Δ GLU30, and the incidence and mortality of MODS in two groups 3 d after blood transfusion were observed. 【Results】 The level of TNF α(ng/L), IL-6(ng/L), HOMA-B and Δ INS30 / Δ GLU30 were (64.21±8.41) vs (30.75±5.26), (216.52±17.99) vs (152.45±16.26) (58.55±10.23) vs (103.47±17.48) and (2.95±0.69) vs (5.87±1.30) in the massive transfusion group and routine transfusion group, respectively (P<0.01). The incidence of MODS was 63.54%(61/96) vs 40.07%(52/118)(P<0.01) while the mortality of MODS was 46.88%(40/118) vs 33.90% (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 The massive blood transfusion could increase the incidence of MODS in patients with severe traumatic hemorrhage by promoting inflammatory reaction and dysfunction of islet B cells.