1.Isolation and identification of plague phage from plague foci in Yulong County, Yunnan Province
Youhong ZHONG ; Cunjuan DUAN ; Ying GUO ; Shanshan DONG ; Yan ZHANG ; Haipeng ZHANG ; Yibo DING ; Hongli TAN ; Liyuan SHI ; Peng WANG
Chinese Journal of Endemiology 2018;37(9):707-710
Objective To investigate whether the host animals of Yulong plague foci carry Yersiniapestis phage,and to identify isolated plague phage.Methods Rodent specimens were collected in 5 villages of Yulong plague foci in spring and autumn of 2016,respectively.Vaccine strain EV76 was used as breeding bacteria.Phage was isolated from the specimens by double-layer plate method and plaque morphology was identified.Results ① Totally 409 samples collected in spring failed in phage isolation.A total of 40 of Yersinia pestis phages were isolated from 444 samples in autumn,and the total isolation rate was 9.01% (40/444).② The Yersinia pestis phages were isolated in all of 5 villages,and the isolation rate was of no significant difference (x2 =5.055,P > 0.05).③ Of the 40 strains of phage,37 strains were isolated from Apodemus chevrieri,2 strains from Eothenomys Miletus and 1 strain from Crocidura Dracula.④Based on the appearance,the plaque of the phage was divided into three:large (diameter 1.5-2.5 mm),middle (0.5-< 1.5 mm) and small (< 0.5 mm).Conclusion There is a higher number of plague phage in the host animals of the plague foci in Yulong County of Yunnan Province,the plaques are diverse in morphology,and their biological characteristics may be polymorphic.
2.A preliminary study on the nature of plague epidemic in Jianchuan County, Yunnan Province
Haipeng ZHANG ; Ying GUO ; Mei YANG ; Deju ZI ; Cunjuan DUAN ; Youhong ZHONG ; Fengyi YANG ; Peng WANG ; Liyuan SHI
Chinese Journal of Endemiology 2021;40(10):790-793
Objective:To explore the biochemical characteristics, virulence factors and other phenotypes of the strains of Yersinia pestis isolated in Jianchuan County Yunnan Province in 2017, and to analyze the nature and source of the new plague epidemic. Methods:Three strains of Yersinia pestis (JC109 rat, JC109 fleas and JC113) isolated from Daqing Village, Jinhua Town, Jianchuan County, Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province in 2017, and 2 associated strains of Yersinia pestis (LJ01 in Yulong County, Lijiang City and LJ04 in Gucheng District of Lijiang City), 5 control strains ( Yersinia pestis JC1332, LJ485, BN2636, EV-76 and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis PST-1), preserved by the Central Laboratory of Yunnan Institute for Endemic Disease Control and Prevention were collected. The biochemical characteristics and ecotypes of Yersinia pestis were analyzed by using arabinose, rhamnose, denbiose, maltose and glycerol fermentation experiments and nitrate reduction experiments. Combining pigmentation factor (pgm), virulence antigen (VW) detection and nutritional requirements test results to determine the virulence of Yersinia pestis. Results:The Yersinia pestis JC109 rat, JC109 fleas and JC113 all fermented arabinose, maltose and glycerol, but didn't ferment rhamnose and denbiose; and the nitrate reduction test was positive. The ecological type belonged to the Himalayan Marmot plague strain of Qinghai-Tibet plateau. The virulence factors pgm and VW tests were positive, the nutritional requirement type was phenylalanine dependent and glutamate independent. It had the same phenotype as the LJ01 strain, but different from the JC1332 strain. Conclusions:The newly isolated strains in Jianchuan County are the same as those in the Lijiang Yulong wild rodent plague foci. This outbreak may have been imported from the Lijiang Yulong wild rodent plague foci to the south.
3. Isolation and epidemiological significance of Yersinia pestis phages in indicator animals from the house mouse plague foci of Yunnan Province
Youhong ZHONG ; Chao SU ; Biao DUAN ; Yibo DING ; Qingchun DU ; Cunjuan DUAN ; Danni ZHAO ; Wei LI ; Peng WANG ; Hesong WU
Chinese Journal of Endemiology 2019;38(11):861-867
Objective:
To investigate whether plague phages were present in the indicator animals of plague foci in Yunnan Province, and to explore their epidemiological significance.
Methods:
Anus swabs were collected from indicator animals (dogs or cats) of the 41 plague affected villages in 26 towns of 10 cities (counties, districts) of Yunnan plague foci from November of 2015 to March of 2018. The