OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of endostatin and doxycycline on microcirculation patterns in melanoma and their molecular mechanisms.

METHODSTo establish mouse B16 melanoma model by subcutaneous injection of B16 melanoma cell suspension. The mice were divided into 3 experimental groups and 1 control group. To treat the mice in the 3 experimental groups with endostatin, doxycycline, endostatin and doxycycline, respectively, and the control group without any treatment. The tumor volume was measured and recorded to make comparison of their growth rate. To assess the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-2 by immunohistochemical staining. The three microcirculation patterns of endothelium-dependent vessels, mosaic vessels and vasculogenic mimicry were counted. The activity of MMP-2, MMP-9 between different groups was examined by gelatin zymography.

RESULTSTumor growth in the three experimental groups was statistically significantly slower than that in the control group. The expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-2 in each treated group was significantly different with that in the control group. The amount of three microcirculation patterns in three experimental groups was less than that of the control group, and the amount of MV and VM in each experimental group was significantly less than that in the control group. By gelatin zymography, the enzyme activity of MMP-9, actived-MMP-2 and MMP-2/proMMP-2 in ES, DOX and ES + DOX group was lower than that in the control group, but the enzyme activity of pro-MMP-2 among the four groups was not significantly different.

CONCLUSIONThe combined use of doxycycline and endostatin in melanoma can inhibit the expression of MMPs, influencing the formation of different microcirculation patterns in melanoma.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Doxycycline ; pharmacology ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Synergism ; Endostatins ; pharmacology ; Female ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Melanoma, Experimental ; blood supply ; enzymology ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microcirculation ; drug effects ; Microvessels ; pathology ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 ; metabolism ; Tumor Burden ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo investigate the molecular mechanism of endostatin and doxycycline effect on melanoma growth.

METHODSA B16 melanoma mice model was established by intracutaneous injection of B16 cell suspension. The mice were treated with endostatin, doxycycline, endostatin and doxycycline respectively, the control group received no treatment. A time course study of tumor volume was performed to observe the antitumor effect. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9), MMP-2, TIMP-2 were examined by immunohistochemistry staining.

RESULTSTumors in endostatin treatment group, doxycycline treatment group, endostatin and doxycycline treatment group grew slower than in the control group. The difference of the average tumor volume in the doxycycline group and control group, in the doxycycline with endostatin treatment group and control group were statistically different. The positive expression ratio of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-2 in each treatment group were statistically different from their control groups (F = 12.79, F = 5.56, F = 4.64; P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONDoxycycline and endostatin are able to inhibit the expression of MMPs and promote expression of TIMP, which ultimately inhibits the growth of B16 melonoma.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Doxycycline ; pharmacology ; Drug Synergism ; Endostatins ; pharmacology ; Female ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; metabolism ; Melanoma, Experimental ; metabolism ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 ; metabolism ; Tumor Burden ; drug effects

The purposes of the present study were to investigate the inhibitory effect of quercetin (QUE) preconditioning on endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) inducer tunicamycin (TM)-induced apoptosis in RAW264.7 macrophages and the underlying molecular mechanisms. RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with different concentrations (20, 40, and 80 μmol/L) of QUE for 30 min and then treated with TM (5 mg/L) for 12 h. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined using MTT assay and Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection kit, respectively. The nuclear translocation of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) in cells was detected by immunofluorescence analysis and Western blot. Protein and mRNA expressions of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and Bcl-2 were examined by Western blot and real-time PCR, respectively. The results showed that TM reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis in RAW264.7 macrophages. The cytotoxic effects of TM were significantly inhibited by QUE pretreatment at the concentrations of 40 and 80 μmol/L. Interestingly, we found that QUE also significantly suppressed the TM-induced translocation of ATF6, an ERS sensor, from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. In addition, exposure of RAW264.7 macrophages to TM resulted in a significant increase of the expression of CHOP, a transcription factor regulated by ATF6 under conditions of ERS, as well as a decrease of Bcl-2 at transcript and protein levels. QUE blocked these effects in a dose-dependent manner. These data indicate that QUE can protect RAW264.7 cells from TM-induced apoptosis and that the mechanism at least partially involves its ability to inhibit the ATF6-CHOP signaling pathway.
Activating Transcription Factor 6 ; metabolism ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Survival ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ; Macrophages ; cytology ; drug effects ; Mice ; Quercetin ; pharmacology ; Transcription Factor CHOP ; metabolism ; Tunicamycin ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of ligustrazine on cell proliferation in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and dentate gyrus (DG) and nNOS expression in rat brain after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.

METHODSMale SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group, sham operation group, model group and ligustrazine treatment group. The latter two groups were further divided into 5 subgroups for observation at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after reperfusion following a 2-hour middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The cells in S phase were labeled with BrdU, and immunohistochemistry was employed to detect BrdU- and nNOS-positive cells. The numbers of BrdU-positive cells in the SVZ and DG were measured. The expression of nNOS was detected by Western blotting.

RESULTSnNOS expression increased significantly in the model group as compared to the sham operation group (P<0.05), and ligustrazine treatment significantly lowered the expression level in comparison with the model group (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, a significant increase in BrdU-positive cells occurred in the SVZ of rats 1 and 3 days after igustrazine treatment (P<0.05), along with an increase of DG BrdU-positive cells.

CONCLUSIONLigustrazine significantly restrains ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced nNOS activity enhancement and promotes cell proliferation in the SVZ and DG of adult rats after ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; pharmacology ; Blotting, Western ; Brain ; blood supply ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Brain Ischemia ; complications ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cerebral Ventricles ; blood supply ; drug effects ; pathology ; Dentate Gyrus ; blood supply ; drug effects ; pathology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Nerve Regeneration ; drug effects ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I ; biosynthesis ; Pyrazines ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; etiology ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of ligustrazine on cell proliferation in subventricular zone (SVZ) in rat brain with focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. METHODS: Male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group,a sham operation group,a ligustrazine treatment group, and a control group. The ligustrazine treatment group and the control group were further divided into 5 subgroups: 1d, 3d, 7d, 14d, and 21d reperfusion after 2h middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was made by MCAO. S phase cells were labelled with BrdU. Immunohistochemistry method was conducted to detect the BrdU positive cells. The total number of BrdU positive cells in the SVZ was measured. The expression of neuro nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) was detected with Western blot method. RESULTS: There was a significant increase of BrdU positive cells in SVZ of ligustrazine treatment in the 1d and 3d group compared with that of the control group (P<0.01). The total number of BrdU positive cells reached a peak in 7d group and declined afterwards. Cells proliferated also in SVZ on the contralateral side, and peaked at 7d. The nNOS expression of ligustrazine administration after the focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion decreased at 1d and 3d after the reperfusion compared with that of the control group (P<0.05), and increased at 7d, but with no significant difference compared with that of the control group. CONCLUSION Ligustrazine may promote the cell proliferation in SVZ of adult rats with ischemia-reperfusion injury by decreasing the nNOS expression.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Brain Ischemia ; physiopathology ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cerebral Ventricles ; metabolism ; pathology ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; physiopathology ; Male ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I ; metabolism ; Pyrazines ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; physiopathology ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of ligustrazine on cell proliferation in hippocampal dentate gyrus subgranular zone (SGZ) after focal cerebral ischemia in adult rats.

METHODSMiddle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established in adult rats by placement of an intraluminal filament at the origin of the MCA. Ligustrazine was administered intraperitoneally at a daily dose of 80 mg/kg starting at 2 h after MCAO, and BrdU (50 mg/kg daily) was also injected intraperitoneally starting at 4 h after MCAO. BrdU-positive cells in the SGZ were counted 7, 14 and 24 days after MCAO, respectively.

RESULTSCompared with sham operation group, ischemic ipsilateral BrdU-positive cells in the ischemic model group increased 7 days after MCAO, reaching the peak on day 14, and decreased on day 21 (P<0.01). The number of ischemic ipsilateral BrdU-positive cells in ligustrazine group was significantly greater than that in the ischemic model group on days 7, 14 and 21 (P<0.01), and maintained the high level on day 21.

CONCLUSIONLigustrazine possesses long lasting effect of promoting cell proliferation in the SGZ after focal cerebral ischemia in adult rats.

Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Dentate Gyrus ; drug effects ; pathology ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery ; physiopathology ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Male ; Pyrazines ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo probe into clinical value of comprehensive program of acupuncture, moxibustion and massage as main for treatment of cervical spondylopathy of the nerve root type.

METHODSFive centers, single blind, randomized controlled method were used, 660 cases were divided into a treatment group of 317 cases and a control group of 311 cases. They were treated respectively with comprehensive program of acupuncture, moxibustion and massage as main, and comprehensive program of physical therapy as main. Establish syndrome detection scale and multiply dimensional effect assessment indexes, and evaluate the therapeutic effects and safety.

RESULTSThe cured rate, the cured-markedly effective rate were 42.9%, 64.4% in the treatment group, respectively, better than 16.7%, 36.3% in the control group (P<0.01); after treatment of 2 weeks, clinical symptoms improved in the both groups, but the treatment group was better than the control group in the improvement degrees of neck-shoulder-limb pain, neck rigidity, abnormality of cervical anteflexion, etc. (P<0.01 or P<0.05); the treatment group was shorter than the control group in the time of producing the effect and therapeutic course (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONComprehensive program of acupuncture, moxibustion and massage as main is safe and effective for treatment of cervical spondylopathy, with a better therapeutic effect compared with the comprehensive program of physical therapy.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Humans ; Massage ; Moxibustion ; Single-Blind Method ; Spinal Diseases

Bioprosthesis ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Heart Valve Prosthesis ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ; Humans ; Prosthesis Failure ; Treatment Outcome

Aim To explore the protective effect of proanthocyanidin B2 (PC-B2) on oxidative damage of PC 12 cells induced by hydrogen peroxide (H

Objective To explore the role pathway and pattern of the myeloma cancer gene (MYC) and its mRNA interaction with the microRNAs(miRNAs) and circular RNA(circRNAs) at hour 0, hour 6 and hour 72 in the rat liver regeneration. Methods The rat 2/3 hepatectomy (PH) model was prepared as described by Higgins, the hepatocytes were isolated according to the method of Smedsrod et al. The expression changes of mRNA, miRNA and circRNA [together named as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA)] were detected by the large-scale quantitative detection technology, the interaction network of ceRNA was constructed by Cytoscape 3.2 software, and their correlation in expression and role were analyzed by ceRNA comprehensive analysis. Results It was found that at hour 0 and hour 6 after PH, the ratio value of MYC mRNA showed 0.15±0.03 and 2.36±0.20, miR-134-5p indicated 3.22±0.61 and 0.08±0.02, circRNA_12112 displayed 0.68±0.21 and 13.35±3.53. At the same time, the cell cycle initiation-related genes ras association domain family member 1 (RASSF1), cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), which were promoted in expression by MYC, were down-regulated at hour 0 after PH, but the cell cycle initiation-related genes nestin (NES), RAD21 cohesin complex component (RAD21), CUE domain containing 2 (CUEDC2), which are inhibieted in expression by MYC, had no meaningful express changes at hour 0 after PH. On the other hand, the cell cycle initiation-related gene SOD2, which was promoted in expression by MYC, was up-regulated at hour 6 after PH, but the cell cycle initiation-related genes NES, RAD21, CUEDC2, which are inhibieted in expression by MYC, were down-regulated at hour 6 after PH. In contrary, at hour 72 after PH, the ratio value of MYC mRNA showed 2.36±0.20, miR-880-3p indicated 0.54±0.01, circRNA_09599 displayd 0.54±0.16. At the same time, the cell cycle termination-related gene hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which is promoted in expression by MYC, was up-regulated 72 hours after PH, the cell cycle termination-related genes MET proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase (MET) and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A), which are inhibieted in expression by MYC, were down-regulated 72 hours after PH. Conclusion The correlation in expression and role of the miRNAs, which are inhibited by circRNAs, MYC, its mRNA is inhibited by miRNAs, and the cell cycle initiation-related and cell cycle termination-related genes, which are regulated by MYC, are helpful for the hepatocyte to be in cell cycle initiation state at hour 6 after PH and to be in cell cycle termination state at hour 72 after PH.