This device is composed of dissolving bucket,magnetic pump,four-passage valve,heater, stirrer,filter,speed-changing equipment,dividedfilling controller and etc.It can be used for preparing and filling various liquid medicament,such as oral or external-use solution,colloid,emulsion and suspension. The proposed device is highly automatic and efficient.Time and labour saving,simple and safe.Moreover, its performance is reliable and stable,and the working capacity is large.

Objective To investigate the impact of adding folic acid,vitamin B12 and probucol to standard antihypertensive medication on plasma homocysteine (Hcy) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA),serum NO and eNOS of essential hypertensive patients.Method A total of 120 patients with hypertension were randomly divided to three groups (n =40 each):group 1 (standard medication),group 2 (adding folic acid 5 mg/day and vitamin B12 500 μg twice daily) and group 3 (adding folic acid 5 mg/day and vitamin B12 500 μg twice daily and probucol 500 mg twice daily).Plasma Hcy and ADMA,serum NO and eNOS levels were observed at baseline,2 and 12 weeks after various therapy.Results In group 1,concentrations of plasma Hcy [(23.06 ± 14.15) μmol/L,(23.67 ± 12.31) μmol/L,(23.25 ± 11.64)μmol/L],ADMA[(0.21 ± 0.12) μmol/L,(0.23 ± 0.13) μmol/L,(0.21 ± 0.09) μmol/L] and serum NO [(64.14 ± 15.07) μmol/L,(65.29 ± 15.04) μmol/L,(65.32 ± 13.58) μmol/L],eNOS[(20.02 ±4.50) μg/L,(20.79 ± 4.03) μg/L,(19.82 ± 5.70) μg/L] remained unchanged during the 12 weeks therapy (all P ＞0.05).In group 2,concentrations of plasma Hcy [(12.54 ±6.49) μmol/L] and ADMA [(0.18 ± 0.07)μmol/L] were significantly decresed after the treatment of 12 weeks than the treatment baseline value [(21.51 ± 7.82) μmol/L,(0.20 ± 0.12) μmol/L] and 2 weeks value[(19.38 ± 8.14)μmol/L,(0.21 ± 0.12) μmol/L],however the concentrations of serum NO and eNOS showed contrary results of the Hcy and ADMA's.(all P ＜0.05).In group 3,similar changes occurred at 2 weeks after therapy (P ＜0.05 2 weeks vs.baseline and 12 weeks vs.2 weeks).Plasma ADMA level was positively correlated with Hcy at baseline (r =0.546,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Supplementation of folic acid,VitB12 and/or probucol helps to improve endothelial function and reduce plasma Hcy and ADMA levels in patients with hypertension.

OBJECTIVETo explore the role of autophagy in doxorubicin (DOX)-induced resistance of human myeloma cell line RPMI8226.

METHODSWe established doxorubicin induced resistant subline of myeloma cell line RPMI8226/DOX by drug concentration step-elevation method. Resistant index of DOX was measured by MTT assay. Autophagy of myeloma cell lines RPMI8226/s and RPMI8226/DOX was detected by transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence (LC3-FITC) and western blot respectively. Apoptosis of RPMI8226/DOX cells induced by DOX combined with autophagic inhibitor hydroxychloroquine or 3-MA was identified by AnnexinV-FITC/PI double fluorescence dyeing.

RESULTSResistant index of RPMI8226/DOX was approximately 10.8 fold of that of RPMI8226/S. Electron microscopic studies revealed that most of RPMI8226/DOX cells displayed viable attributes and contained numerous autophagic vacuoles. Fluorescent images of RPMI8226/DOX cells showed a punctuate distribution in LC3 protein. Increased LC3-II protein in RPMI8226/DOX cells was determined by immunoblotting. There were no differences among 8 μmol/L HCQ (3.24±1.08)%, 10 mmol/L 3-MA (2.81±0.80)% or control \[(2.12±1.24)%\] (P>0.05) in terms of AnnexinV-FITC/PI double fluorescence dyeing; Compared with apoptosis of (9.75±2.15)%, (24.36±2.16)% and (40.51±3.14)% of RPMI8226/DOX cells under 2, 4 and 6 μmol/L DOX, apoptosis increased significantly after 24 h incubation under 2, 4 and 6 μmol/L DOX combined with 8 μmol/L HCQ as of \[(16.56±1.89)%, (36.44±2.91)% and (62.68±3.75)%, respectively\], or under 2, 4 and 6 μmol/L DOX combined with 10 mmol/L 3-MA as of \[(15.47±1.85)%, (39.28±3.06)% and (55.46±4.07)%, respectively\] (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONAutophagy was involved in doxorubicin-induced resistance of myeloma cell line RPMI8226, DOX resistance in myeloma cells was reversed partly by autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine or 3-MA, and autophagy may be one of mechanisms for drug resistance.

Autophagy ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma

OBJECTIVETo observe therapeutic effect of acupuncture method for consciousness-restoring resuscitation on cerebral infarction with hyperlipidemia.

METHODSSixty cases of apoplexy with hyperlipidemia were randomly divided into a consciousness-restoring resuscitation acupuncture group (treatment group) and a Chinese medicine control group (control group), 30 cases in each group. TCM symptomatic scores and indexes of blood lipids were detected before and after treatment in the two groups.

RESULTSThe total effective rate for improvement of blood lipids was 72.4% in the treatment group, which was not different from that (65.5%) in the control group (P> 0.05); the total effective rate for clinical symptoms was 89.7% in the treatment group, which was better than that (62.1%) in the control group (P < 0.05). The treatment group was superior to the control group in improvement of numbness and twinge in extremities, dizziness, distention and oppressed feeling in chest and hypochondrium, anorexia, sleepy and weakness (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture method for consciousness-restoring resuscitation can regulate metabolic disorder of lipids and improve main clinical symptoms in the patient of cerebral infarction with hyperlipidemia.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Cerebral Infarction ; blood ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; therapy ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Triglycerides ; blood

OBJECTIVETo investigate the epidemiology of pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in six provinces of China.

METHODSA cross-sectional study was conducted in six provinces with the highest HIV prevalence. Surveys on demographics and HIV-related questions (transmission modes, time of diagnosis, clinical stage, laboratory test) were distributed to clinicians in these provinces. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed on the completed surveys.

RESULTSSurvey results of 650 children [405 males and 245 females; average age: (7.9 +/- 3.2) years] were eligible for analysis. The interval between possible transmission and diagnosis was (7.1 +/- 3.2) years. The location distribution was as follows: 570 cases (87.7%) in Henan Province, 23 cases (3.5%) in Guangxi Province, 21 cases (3.2%) in Yunnan Province, 19 cases (2.9%) in Hubei Province, 10 cases (1.5%) in Anhui Province, and 7 cases (1.1%) in Shanxi Province. Transmission routes included mother-to-child transmission (75.1%), blood transfusion/ plasma donation (15.7 %), and injecting drug use (IDU, 0.5%). Former plasma donation (FPD) was the main transmission route in some provinces (Henan, Shanxi, Hubei, and Anhui), while IDU was the main transmission route in other provinces (Guangxi and Yunnan). The average age in the FPD provinces was significantly higher than that in IDU provinces [(8.1 +/- 3.2) vs. (5.4 +/- 2.2) years, P <0.001]. Among 178 patients in all six provinces who required treatment (on the basis of CD4 count or WHO staging), 133 (74.7%) did not receive treatment and 45 (25.3%) received antiretroviral therapy.

CONCLUSIONMother-to-child transmission is the main transmission mode in pediatric patients. Efforts should be made to strengthen the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric HIV/AIDS patients.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; HIV Infections ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; therapy ; transmission ; Humans ; Infant ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Male ; Needle Sharing ; adverse effects ; Transfusion Reaction

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research status and influencing factors of the time-effect of acupuncture and to explain and analyze the optimal effect timing of acupuncture, and provide reference for obtaining the best clinical therapeutic effect. METHODS: Literature regarding the studies of the time-effect of acupuncture published from January 2000 to August 2018 was searched, concluded and analyzed in CNKI, WANFANG, VIP and PubMed databases. RESULTS: A total of 43 papers were included. The time-effect relationship of acupuncture was studied from various aspects: immediate effect, post-effect and total time-effect. The influencing factors of time-effect of acupuncture included needle retention time, acupoint types, number of acupoints and frequency of acupuncture treatment. CONCLUSION Even though preliminary achievements have been made in the study of the time-effect of acupuncture, there are many limitations and deficiency. These studies are mostly isolated and unsystematic, and the observation time of needle retention time and post-effect is not long enough to observe the exact best induction period, half-life period and residual effect period of acupuncture.In the future, we should combine the existing research experience and achievements to formulate a more reasonable research plan and observe the entire period of acupuncture in a longitudinal direction.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Needles ; PubMed

Objective To investigate the Gram-positive coccus resistance in nationwide's tertiary hospitals and understand the trend of antimicrobial resistance.Methods All the clinical isolates were collected from 19 hospitals and the minimal inhibitory concentrations(MICs)were tested using agar/broth dilution method recommended.Results A total of 1 974 pathogenic Gram-positive coccus from 19 tertiary hospitals in 19 cities nationwide over the period from July 2021 to June 2022 were studied.Based on the MIC results,the prevalence of methicillin resistant Stapylococcus aureus(MRSA)and methicillin resistant Stapylococcus epidermidis(MRSE)were 36.4％and 79.9％respectively.No vancomycin insensitivity Staphylococcus was detected.Staphylococcus aureus were 100％susceptibility to linezolid and teicoplanin.Antibiotic resistance rate of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium to ampicillin were 3.1％and 92.9％.The detectation rate of vancomycin resistant Enterococcus(VRE)was 1.6％.Nonsusceptibility rate of Enterococcus faecalis to linezolid was 32.2％,two consecutive monitoring rises and nonsusceptibility rate of Enterococcus faecium(12.5％)was also significantly increased.The prevalence of penicillin non-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae(PNSSP)was 0.8％based on non-meningitis and parenteral administration criterion,decrease of nearly 30 percentage points from the previous surveillance.While for cases of oral penicillin,the rate was 71.8％,showing similar to last time.The results indicated that the number of strains with higher MIC value of penicillin(MIC ≥4 mg·L-1)decreased significantly.There were no significant differences of resistance rates of Stapylococcus aureus,Stapylococcus epidermidis,Enterococcus faecalis,Enterococcus faecium and Streptococcus pneumoniae among various groups such as different department,age,or specimen source.Conclusion VRE detection ratio stablized at a relatively low level.The number of Streptococcus pneumoniae with higher MIC value of penicillin decreased significantly compared with the previous monitoring.The increase of linezolidin-insensitive Enterococcus was noteworthy.

Objective To investigate the Gram-negative bacteria resistance in nationwide's tertiary hospitals and understand the trend of antimicrobial resistance.Method All the clinical isolates were collected from 19 hospitals and the minimal inhibitory concentrations(MICs)were tested using agar/broth dilution method recommended.Results A total of 4 066 pathogenic isolates from 19 tertiary hospitals in 19 cities nationwide over the period from July 2021 to June 2022 were studied.Based on the MIC results,Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae showed extended spectrum β-lactamase(ESBLs)phenotype rates of 55.0％and 21.0％,respectively,ESBLs phenotype rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae keep going down.The ratios of carbapenems resistance Klebsiella pneumoniae increased by 5 percentage points compared with the previous monitoring.Carbapenems,moxalactam,sitafloxacin,β-lactam combination agents,fosfomycin trometamol,and amikacin displayed desirable antibacterial activity against Enterbacterales,susceptibal rates were above 75％.In addition,tigacycline,omacycline,colistin and fluoxefin maintained good antibacterial activity against their respective effective bacteria/species,and the bacterial sensitivity rates by more than 80％.Resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannnii to imipenem were 26.3％and 72.1％and multidrug-resistant(MDR)detection rates were 41.1％and 77.3％,extensively drug-resistant(XDR)were 12.0％and 71.8％,respectively.Comparison of drug resistance rates from different wards,ages and specimen sources indicated that the proportion of resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from intensive care unit(ICU)were significantly higher than non-ICU.Carbapenem resistance rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from ICU were more than 35％.Resistance rates of Haemophilus influenzae isolated in children to β-lactam,macrolide,clindamycin and ESBLs detection rate in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from children were more than those from adults and the old people,so bacterial resistance in children is an important problem in China.Conclusion ESBLs detection rate of Escherichia coli increased slightly after years of continuous decline.The proportion of carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa was stable,but the resistance rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii to carbapenems was still increased,which should be paid more attention.

[Abstract] Objective The purpose of this study is to construct a high-resolution model focusing on the vascular pattern of the scaphoid by using micro CT and to provide anatomical reference for the daily clinical use. Methods The lead-based contrast was perfused from the brachial artery and then the scaphoid bone was harvested. 3D models of the scaphoid bones were constructed by using micro CT to show how arteries distributed in and on the bones. Results The arteries on the surface stretched from the distal radius covered with scaphoid fossa to the radial side of the waist and then head back to the distal ulna along the dorsoradial ridge, formed like a letter “Ⅴ”. The arteries gathered at the inflection point of the letter “Ⅴ” and the dorsal region. The tubercle region was anastomosed extensively with 3 to 5 major intraosseous vessels originated from the extraosseous vessels covering the waist and the tubercle. There are only 1 to 2 major intraosseous vessels entering the bone via a long route from the ulnar side. The vessels running in the scapholunate ligament didn’t spilt into any intraosseous branches. Conclusion The superficial vascularity formes a “Ⅴ”-like pattern. The inflection point of the letter “Ⅴ” and the dorsal region display a dense vascularization and these vessels contributed a lot to the intraosseous vascularity.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reporting quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture for vascular dementia. METHODS: The RCTs of acupuncture for vascular dementia were systematically retrieved from the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMbase, CNKI, SinoMed, VIP and Wanfang databases from the date of establishment to October 31, 2018. The reporting quality of RCT was evaluated based on the internationally-recognized Consolidated Standards for Reporting of Trials (CONSORT) statement and Standards for Reporting Interventions in Controlled Trials of Acupuncture (STRICTA). RESULTS: A total of 33 RCTs were included. According to the CONSORT statement, 12 items had a reporting rate of 0%, including important changes to methods after trial commencement, sample size, blind method, trial registry, etc.; 5 items had a reporting rate of below 10%, including trial design, type of randomization, random allocation sequence, randomization implementation and participant flow. The reporting rate was 36.36% for baseline data and 57.58% for randomization sequence generation. According to the STRICTA statement, the reporting rate was 21.21% for description of acupuncture depth, 60.61% for description of acupuncture response, 27.27% for description of additional intervention details and 0% for qualification of acupuncturists, respectively. CONCLUSION At present, the reporting quality of RCTs of acupuncture for vascular dementia is generally low. In the future, the RCTs of acupuncture for vascular dementia should be normatively reported according to the CONSORT statement and STRICTA statement.