Five species of the genus Xylaria are recognized on Malaysia materials: X. hypoxylon (L. FR.) Grev., X. allantoidea (Berk.) Fr., X. cubensis (Mont.) Fr., X. curta Fr. and X. grammica (Mont.) Fr.. The collection of Xylaria allantoidea from Malaysia is compared to the collection from Taiwan in morphological characters. The species are described their the host and cultural characteristics by a bright microscope and a scanning electron microscope.
Cultural Characteristics ; Malaysia* ; Taiwan

No abstract available.
Cultural Diversity ; Humans

Introduction: Healthcare with its rapidly changing environment dictates that future professional nurses must demonstrate clinical and cultural competencies that meet the demands of relevant and quality nursing care. This study aimed to compare the cultural competency of students in the different year levels of the College of Nursing. Methods : This comparative study identified, analyzed, and explained the differences in the cultural competency of Level 1 to Level 4 students in the UERMMMCI College of Nursing in 2016. The mean scores of the different year levels in the Clinical Cultural Competency Questionnaire were compared. Results : The mean scores for knowledge, skills and attitude were 3.2, 3.4 and 3.6, respectively. There was no significant difference across year levels in any of the three domains. Race/ethnicity and length of stay in a foreign country was significantly associated with skills (p < 0.01) in Level 3 and Level 4 nursing students. Length of stay in a foreign country was significantly associated with attitude (p = 0.02) among freshmen nursing students. Conclusion There is no significant difference in the overall cultural competence and in the knowledge, skills and attitude in cultural competence of nursing students across year levels.
Cultural Competency ; Students, Medical

Background: There are several metrics for determining cultural competency in nurses, but none of them apply to Filipino nurses caring for patients with mental health issues in the Philippines setting. Purpose: The goal of this study was to create a cultural competency tool for Filipino nurses (CCTFN) caring for patients with mental health issues in hospitals, communities, or schools. Methodology: A sequential exploratory design was used. The qualitative phase utilized a scoping review and guided interviews, followed by the quantitative phase involving the validity test by five experts and the reliability tests participated by 140 nurses in Zamboanga City. IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0 was used to examine the data. Results: The scoping review utilized PRISMA to search for eligible articles and the interviews resulted in an initial 51-item pool. The tool's content validity (S-CVI=0.992) was confirmed by a panel of experts. The inter-rater (ICC=0.773), inter-item (α =0.838) reliability, and exploratory factor analysis revealed four factors that accounted for 68.38 percent variance, resulting in 25 valid items. The four factors were “awareness on the Filipino concept of mental illness,” “attitudes towards fostering an efficient relationship between patient with mental health problems and self,” “skills in addressing cultural needs and issues of patients with mental health problems,” and “knowledge on socio-political factors affecting patients with mental health problems.” Conclusion/Implications for Practice Overall, the CCTFN was found to be valid and reliable. This tool can improve nursing care and inform training programs in the Philippines to improve mental health service provision and reduce stigma.
Cultural Competency ; Psychiatric Nursing

Cartilage is regularly needed for reconstructive surgery. Basic research in tissue engineering is necessary to develop its full potential. We presented here the expression profile of type II collagen gene and type I collagen gene in human auricular monolayer culture expansion. Cultured chondrocytes documented a reduction in the expression level of collagen type II gene whilst collagen type I gene was gradually expressed through all the passages. This study demonstrated that human auricular chondrocytes lose its phenotypic expression during monolayer culture expansion. Further studies are required to enhance cartilage specific gene expression, collagen type II throughout the in vitro culture.
Collagen ; Genes ; Cultural ; monolayer ; Human

Cultural Competency ; Health ; Humans ; Internationality

Leaf spot symptoms were frequently observed on yam plants grown in the Yeoju area in Korea during a disease survey in 2008. A total of five isolates of Pseudophloeosporella sp. were obtained from the infected leaves of yam plants. All of the isolates were identified as Pseudophloeosporella dioscoreae based on their morphological and cultural characteristics. A phylogenetic tree derived from the internal transcribed spacer sequences of the fungal isolates showed that the fungus is distinctly separated from species in other related genera. P. dioscoreae isolates caused very tiny spots on leaves of yam plants two weeks after artificial inoculation which were similar to those observed in the field. This is the first report that Pseudophloeosporella dioscoreae causes leaf spot in yams in Korea.
Cultural Characteristics ; Dioscorea ; Fungi ; Korea

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic focused public attention on the importance of responsible tourism. The purpose of this study was to characterise irresponsible tourist behaviour leading to deportation from the destination country Methods: A web-based search of media reports relating to deportations of tourists was conducted. Results: The most common reasons for deportation were related to indecent exposure or physical damage to sacred monuments and violations of COVID-19-related national public health rules. Other incidents resulted from social media posts and breach of environmental regulations. Conclusions The results of this study may inform future research efforts and targeted public awareness campaigns.
Deportation ; COVID-19 ; Cultural Competency

Cross-Cultural Comparison ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Translations

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of cultural competency of visiting nurses and community health practitioners and explore factors that are related with their cultural competency. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 113 visiting nurses and 103 community health practitioners working in Gangwon-do. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire on May 24, 2011. The SPSS/WIN 17.0 program was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The average score for cultural competency of visiting nurses was 2.76+/-0.60 and that of community health practitioners 2.91+/-0.51. Most of subjects received no multicultural education (78.0% for nurses, 85.7% for community health nurses). Factors influencing cultural competency were number of service experience for multicultural clients and participation of multicultural education. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to develop systematic educational programs to enhance the cultural competency of nurses.
Community Health Nursing ; Cultural Competency ; Surveys and Questionnaires