Objective To study the acute toxic reaction of Tang-zhi-ping granule on mice. Methods The maximum concentration of Tang-zhi-ping granule was administrated to mice with no dead mice was found. LD50 did not be found, so we detected the maximum administration dosage. Results The maximum administration dosage of tang-zhi-ping granule was 85.72 g/kg, equaling to 296 times of clinical daily dose which is 0.29 g/kg. Conclusion Tang-zhi-ping granule is determined by acute toxicity study to be safe and having no toxicity.

Objective To explore the effects of Tangzhiping granules on the blood glucose and IGF-Ⅰ in T2DM rats.Methods 40 SPF grade Wistar rats whose weight were about (200±20)g were selected as the subjects for this study,one half were male and another half were female.After be adapted to the normal food for 1 week,8 rats were selected randomly from all of rats following their weight as the blank group (ordinary feed).The remaining the others were fed with the high-fat and high-sugar food.The 6th week,the other rats would be undergo intraperitoneal injection once in left lower belly with 40 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ),and enable them to become T2DM rats.The 8th week,we would select successful animal models 32 which were divided randomly into a modle group,a Tangmaikang (TMK) granules group,a Tangzhiping granules (TZP)group.The 12th week,we would execute all of rats and collect the blood serums which were tested for the blood glucose and IGF-Ⅰ.Results () Compared model group with blank group,the levels of the blood glucose of the model group increased to (28.33±0.50)mmol/L,while the IGF-Ⅰ decreased to (3.40 ± 0.83) pg/ml,which showed the model of type 2 diabetic rats was successfully set up.② The levels of the blood glucose of the Tangzhiping granules group and Tangmaikang granules group were lower than that of the model group to (15.06±0.39)mm ol/L,(20.12±0.58)mmol/L,but the levels of the IGF-Ⅰ were higher to (9.39±2.91)pg/ml,(5.58± 1.09)pg/ml,which implied that each group of pharmacological treatment had a good effect.③ The level of the blood glucose and IGF-Ⅰ of the Tangzhiping granules group was also significantly different from that of the Tangmaikang granule group,the therapeutic effect of Tangzhiping granules group was better than that of Tangmaikang granules group.Conclusion Tangzhiping granules can reduce the blood glucose of T2DM rats.And also can increase IGF-Ⅰ of T2DM rats.Tangzhiping granules can improve the various symptoms of diabetes mellitus at the same time.

Objective To investigate value of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography timingexcursion parametric index and 17 segment volume curves index in patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy and constrictive pericardits.MethodsSeventeen patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy (proven by biopsy) ,six patients with constrictive pericardits (proven by CT or surgical),twenty subjects with normal left ventricular(LV) function were examined by Philips iE33 with X3-1 probe.Results Parameter index of Tmsv 16-SD,Tmsv 12-SD Tmsv 6-SD,Tmsv 16-Dif,Tmsv 12-Dif,Tmsv 6-Dif,Tmsv 16-SD(%) ,Tmsv 12-SD(%),Tmsv 6-SD(%),Tmsv 16-Dif(%),Tmsv 12-Dif(%),Tmsv 6-Dif(%) was significantly higher in patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy than that in subjects with normal LV function(all P ＜0.05).Average and maximum value and minimum of excursion was significantly lower in patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy than that in subjects with normal LV function (all P ＜0.005).Whereas,compare with subjects with normal LV function,the parametric indexes of timing-excursion and 17 segment volume curves were not significantly difference in patients with constrictive pericardits(all P ＞0.05).Conclusions Realtime three-dimensional echocardiography can evaluate and diagnose fastly restrictive cardiomyopathy and constrictive pericardits.

Objective To evaluate peak rotation in the endocardium(endo)and epicardium(epi)and peak mural torsion in patients with anterior wall acute myocardial infarction(AMI)before and after revascularization by speckle tracking imaging(STI).Methods The study comprised 20 normal controls and 21 consecutive xpatients with a first-episode anterior wall AMI with stenosis of the left anterior descending artery.All patients underwent Successful percutaneous coronary intervention within 12h onset of AMI.During one month, two patients were ruled OUt because one died of heart failure and the other suffered from persistent atrial fibrillation.Conventional echocardiography and STI were performed in normal controls and AMI patients before and one month after revascularization.Results In the left ventricle(LV)apical and basal level,peak endo-and epi-rotation and peak mural torsion in AMI patients were significantly reduced relative to those of normal control group(all P<0.01).One month after revascularization,there were significant changes in these three variables,especially in peak endorotation(P<0.01).Peak apical endo-rotation positively correlated with LV ejection fraction(LVEF)(r=0.717,P<0.01)and inversely correlated with LV end-diastolic volume(EDV)(r=-0.694,P<0.05).However,tight relations were not found among other variables at the two planes.Conclusions Peak endo-and epi-rotation and peak mural torsion can make the sensitive assessment of abnormal myocardial contractile performancein AMI patients using STI.

Objective To investigate the value of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography timing-excursion parametric index and 17 segment volume curves index in patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy.Methods Eight patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy (proven by biopsy),twenty eight subjects with normal left ventricular(LV) function were examined by Philips iE33 with X3-1 probe.Results Parameter index of the SD and maximum difference of Tmsv of 16 segments,12 segments,and 6 basal segments(Tmax 16SD,Tmsv-12SD Tmsv -6SD,Tmsv-16Dif,Tmsv-12 Dif,Tmsv-6Dif,Tmsv 16-SD%,Tmsv 12-SD%,Tmsv 6-SD%,Tmsv 16-Dif%,Tmsv 12-Dif%,Tmsv 6-Dif%) was significantly higher in patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy than that in subjects with normal LV function(all P＜0.001).Average and maximum value and minimum of excursion was significantly lower in patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy than that in subjects with normal LV function(P＜0.001,P＜0.005,P＜0.005).And parameter index of 17 segment volume curves index showed higher sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value for diagnose restrictive cardiomyopathy.Conclusions Real-time threedimensional echocardiography can evaluate and diagnose restrictive cardiomyopathy fastly.

Estrogen is an important active endogenous substance which is needed by female to sustain normal psychological and physiological function.Studies have demonstrated that estrogen has an extensive effect on the central nervous system.This review explained the relation between estrogen and learning on a few aspects such as neurobiochemistry,neurophysiology,neuroanatomy,signal transduction and so on.

Objective To investigate the most sensitive markers of left ventricular(LV) torsion which can reflect infarct size by assessing the relationship between routine markers of LV torsion and infarct size using speckle tracking imaging (STI).Methods Fifteen open-chest pigs underwent 120 minutes of left anterior descending (LAD) ligation followed by 12 hours of reperfusion.Rotation and torsion of LV were obtained by STI before LAD occlusion,LAD occlusion immediately,and 30,60,90 minutes and 12 hours after reperfusion.Infarct size was measured by nitrotetrazolium blue chloride staining.Results LAD ligation resulted in a dramatic decrease in both subepicardial and subendocardial peak apical rotation or peak LV torsion.Twelve hours after reperfusion,all of the peak rotation and torsion remained significantly reduced (P ＜ 0.01 versus AMI).At AMI,peak bulk LV torsion and peak bulk apical rotation inversely correlated with infarct size (r = - 0.81,P ＜0.01; r = - 0.69,P ＜0.01).There existed the good relationship at 12-hour follow-up after reperfusion.The relationship was superior to that of other torsion markers.Conclusions Peak bulk LV torsion and peak bulk apical rotation are the most sensitive markers of LV torsion which can reflect infarct size.

Objective To evaluate the application valve of intraoperative device closure secundum atrial sepetal defect (ASD) associated with deficient rims inducted by transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Methods Twenty-three patients with ASD were diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) ,and underwent an attempted intraoperative device closure through a right antierior minithoraetomy. The positon, type and size and rim of ASD were defined by TEE in preoperation, the placement of the device inducted and evaluated by TEE intraoperation,and followed by TTE after one week. Results Twenty-three patients with ASD were closed excellently. There were not shunt of atrial level in 20 patients, trivial shunt in 3 patients. However,follow-up after one week TTE indicated that all patients had no shunt,and the diameter of right atrium and right ventricle was decrease significantly (P <0.05), and pulmonary artery pressure was less than before (P <0.05). Conclusions It is very important that TEE induct the closure of ASD associated with deficient rims in micro-operative room.

Objective To evaluate the effect of edge-to-edge technique of anterior mitral valve prolapse using transthoraeic echocardiography(TTE). Methods Nineteen patients with anterior mitral valve prolapse underwent randomized operation using edge-to-edge technique. The grade of mitral regurgitation(MR),mitral valve are (MVA), the diameter of left atrial(LAD) and left ventricle(LVD), left ventricular ejection fracion(LVEF) and pulmonary artery systolic pressure(PASP) were evaluated. Results All the patients with anterior mitral valve prolapse had severe MR before the operation whereas the degree of MR changed into absence to mild degree after the procedure. There were significant statistic differences between pre- and post edge-to-edge procedure:LAD(51.63±10.03)mm vs (44.79±9.22)mm, P = 0.000, LVD(59.37±8.29)mm vs (52.68±7.31)mm, P = 0.000 ; PASP (45.37±18.34)mm Hg vs (33.00± 9.43)mm Hg, P = 0.002,1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa;MVA(4.13±0.24)cm<'2> vs (2.90±0.28)cm<'2>, P = 0.000,while LVEF changed little[(66.0±9.0)% vs (67.0±6.0) %, p = 0.751]. Conclusions The edge-to-edge technique is a simple and effective surgical method which can remain subvalve structure,restore the normal morphology of left atria,left ventricle and maintain the function of left ventricle.

Objective To investigate left ventricular rotation in heahhy subj ects and patients with hypertrophy cardiomyopathy(HCM). Methods Twenty-five healthy subjects and 41 patients with HCM were enrolled. Two-dimensional standard echocardiography were performed and analyzed using Siemens Sequoia C512 system and velocity vector imaging 2.0 version. Left ventricular end diastollc volume(EDV).end systolic volume(ESV),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),systolic peak rotation velockv and displacement of endocardium and epicardium of basal and apical part of left ventricle were measured.Difference of basal and apical rotation velocity and displacement between endoeardium and eDicardium(DVbase,DVape,DDbase,DDape) were calculated. Results Left ventricle rotated clockwise at basal part and counterclockwise at apex during systole. It rotated stronger at apex(P＜0.05 or P＜0.001)than at basal part and stronger in endocardium than in epicardium(P＜0.01 or P＜0.001). The rotation velocitv time curve consisted of a peak during systole and two peak during diastole,while the rotation displacementtime curve was composed of a smaller diastolic peak and a larger systolic peak. There was asvmmetricalhypertrophy at the basal part of HCM patients,and DVbase and DDbase were significantly increased(P＜0.01 or P＜0.001) in the significant hypertrophy segment. Conclusions Velocity vector imaging can assess left ventricular rotation effectively. HCM patients acquire mismatch of endocardium and epicardiuIn rotation.