Zika virus disease is a mosquito-borne disease with aedes as a potential viral vector. Besides Zika virus, aedes can also serve as a vector for other viruses such as yellow fever virus and dengue virus.With the impact of globalization and climate changes, many regions in the world are experiencing outbreaks of mosquito-borne diseases in recently years.This paper focuses on the epidemic, prevention and control measures of mosquito-borne infectious diseases such as Zika virus disease and yellow fever which are firstly imported to China.

Objective To explore the effect of DR on the expression of inhibitory neurotransmitter ,γ-aminobutyric acid ( GABA) and brain derived neurotrophic factor ( BDNF) in the primary visual cortex of young cats .Methods Totally 6 cats were wsed in this study . Nissl staining was used for cortical layer identification and cell counting . Immunohistochemical techniques were utilized to label GABA-and BDNF-positive neurons .Sections were observed under an Olympus light microscope and photographed with a digital camera .The cell density and absorbance of immunoreactivity were measured with Image-Pro Express 6.0 softwares .Results Our results showed that the mean density of Nissl-stained neurons in the primary visual cortex ( V1) of the DR group showed no significant difference from that of the control group . However , the mean density of GABA-immunoreactive neurons in each cortical layer of V 1 in DR cats was significantly higher than that in control cats .The mean immunoreactive intensity of GABA-positive neurons , as indicated by the average absorbance , increased significantly in DR cats relative to control ones . Accompanied with the elevation of GABA expression, DR enhanced BDNF expression in V1, as indicated by an increased mean density of BDNF-positive neurons and BDNF-immunoreactive average absorbance in DR cats relative to controls .Conclusion These results indicate that dietary restriction leads to a concurrent expression upregulation of GABA and BDNF , which may likely compensate for brain functional degradation during senescence and thus delay aging process .

Objective:To investigate the quantification of CD4~+CD25~+ regulatory T cells and distribution of CD4~+CD8~+ T lymphocyte subgroup in peripheral blood of patients in chronic hepatitis B (CHB),and to reveal relationship between CD4~+CD25~+ regulatory T cells,CD4~+CD8~+ T lymphocyte subgroup and HBV infetion as well.Methods:CD4~+CD25~(high),CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~+Treg and CD3~+CD4~+CD8~+T lymphocyte subgroup in peripheral blood from 50 patients with CHB and 20 healthy controls was analyzed using flow cytometry.HBV DNA was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR.Results:The number of CD4~+CD25~(high)Tregs in patients with CHB was obviously higher than that in healthy controls(P＜0.01)and increased with copies of HBV DNA.The same with the change of CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~+Tregs in patients with CHB and there was a positive correlation between CD4~+CD25~(high)Tregs and CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~+Tregs(r=0.890,P＜0.001).Compared with healthy controls,the frequency of CD4~+T cells and the ratio of CD4~+/CD8~+ in patients with CHB was declined,but there was no significant difference in the frequency of CD3~+T cells and CD8~+T cells between them(P＞0.05).The variation in the number of CD4~+CD25~(high)Tregs was correlated positively with the copies of HBV DNA(r=0.782,P＜0.001)and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(ALT)(r=0.432,P＜0.005)separately,but negatively with the frequency of CD3~+,CD4~+,CD8~+T cells and the ratio of CD4~+/CD8~+(P＞0.05).The variation in the frequency of CD3~+,CD4~+,CD8~+T cells and the ratio of CD4~+/CD8~+ was also correlated negatively with the copies of HBV DNA(P＞0.05).Conclusion:The number of CD4~+CD25~(high)Tregs increases in patients with CHB and is in accordance with the copies of HBV DNA and increased level of ALT.Further studies should be done to investigate weather CD4~+CD8~+ T lymphocyte subgroup could be used to monitor the state of community.

BACKGROUNDKAI1 is a new identified metastasis-suppressor gene whose expression in many types of tumors has been reported. The aim of study is to investigate the role of KAI1 protein in development of lung cancer and its values in predicting the prognosis of lung cancer.

METHODSThe expressions of KAI1 protein were detected in benign pulmonary disease tissue, precancerous disease tissue, lung cancer tissue and metastatic lung cancer tissue in local lymph node using tissue microarray and immunohistochemical method. The relationship between expression of KAI1 protein and clinicopathological parameters of patients with lung cancer was analyzed by Chi-Square test and Fisher exact test.

RESULTSThe positive rate of KAI1 expression was 100.0% in 10 cases of benign pulmonary diseases, 66.7% in 12 cases of precancerous diseases, 24.7% in 89 cases of primary lung cancer and 0 in metastatic lung cancer tissue in local lymph node respectively. The KAI1 protein expression in primary lung cancer tissues had no remarkable relationship with age and gender of the patients and the location of cancer, but had significant relationship with the histological type and differentiated degree of tumor, P-TNM stages and lymph node metastatic status.

CONCLUSIONSThe abnormal expression of KAI1 protein may participate in malignant progression of lung cancer. Its downregulation may promote the invasion and metastasis of tumor cell. Detection of the expression of KAI1 protein may be helpful to predict the prognosis of lung cancer.

BACKGROUNDIt has been proved that EphB4 and HIF-1α are closely related to the oncogenesis and development of lung cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the biological significances of EphB4 and HIF-1α in lung cancer and their relationship with each other.

METHODSThe expression of EphB4 and HIF-1α was detected in 54 lung cancer tissues and 10 normal lung tissues as control by immunohistochemical method.

RESULTSEphB4 and HIF-1α proteins were detectable in 50.0% and 42.6% of all 54 lung cancer tissues respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the control (P < 0.05); the positive ratios and the levels of the expressions of EphB4 and HIF-1α proteins were closely related to gross types, differentiations and clinical stages (P < 0.05), but not to histological classification, age, sex and lymph node metastasis (P > 0.05). A highly positive correlation was observed between EphB4 and HIF-1α expression (P < 0.01 ).

CONCLUSIONSOverexpression of EphB4 and HIF-1α may play an important role in the pathogenesis, progression and malignant degree of lung cancer. Detection of EphB4 and HIF-1α expression might be helpful to predict prognosis of patients with lung cancer.

A new leaf spot disease was observed on leaves of Rheum palmatum (Chinese rhubarb) in Northwest China (Gansu Province) starting in 2005. A Septoria-like fungus was isolated and completion of Koch's postulates confirmed that the fungus was the casual agent of the leaf spot disease. Morphology and molecular methods were combined to identify the pathogen. The fungus produced conidiomata pycnidia and the conidia were 2~5 septate, 61.2~134.1 µm in length and 3.53~5.3 µm in width, which is much larger than the known Spetoria species that infects Polygonaceae species. Phylogenic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region confirmed that this Spetoria-like fungus is within the Spetoria genus but distinct from known Spetoria species. Together, these morphological and phylogenetic data support that the R. palmatum infecting Spetoria strain is a newly-described plant pathogenic species.
China* ; Classification ; Fungi ; Plants ; Polygonaceae ; Rheum* ; Spores, Fungal

Causes analysis of death is the most common work in forensic pathology practice. When designing problem-based learning (PBL) teaching objectives, we should take cause analysis of death as the main line and give consideration to other related issues. The selected cases should be typical ones that solve the target problems, which can fully reflect the basic theoretical knowledge of forensic pathology, and have moderate difficulty, delights and clear conclusions. The PBL course is divided into three steps. The first step focuses on providing students with case information to guide them to find out the problems that need to be solved. The second step focuses on discussing the problems and making pathological diagnoses. The third step focuses on answering the question raised at the beginning of the course. Each lesson can also be divided into several sections by which the lesson plans should be prepared. In the teaching process, performing active interaction with students, controlling the direction of classroom development, balancing student opportunities should be done well in order to make the curriculum smoothly and achieve the purpose of teaching.

Objective:To explore the incremental value of subtraction technique in evaluating the major features of liver reporting and data system version 2018 (LI-RADS v2018) on gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) enhanced MRI.Methods:The Gd-EOB-DTPA enhanced MRI of 117 pathologically verified hepatocellualr carcinoma(HCC) from 87 high-risk patients in Henan Provincial People′s Hospital from January 2019 to July 2020 was analyzed retrospectively. The major features of LI-RADS in arterial phase, portal venous phase, subtraction and combined images were evaluated including nonrim arterial phase hyperenhancement (Nonrim APHE), nonperipheral washout and enhancing capsule. The lesions were graded according to LI-RADS v2018. According to the lesion size (<20 mm, ≥20 mm) and T 1WI signal intensity (hypointensity, isointensity or hyperintensity), the patients were divided into different subgroups. Cochran′s Q test was used for the comparison of the detection rate of the major features of LI-RADS and the accurate diagnosis rate based on LR-5 as the diagnostic standard among multiple groups. McNemar test was used for the comparison between two groups. Results:For all HCC, hypointensity HCC and HCC ≥20 mm, the detection rate of Nonrim APHE (χ2=12.190, 12.500, 10.083, all P<0.001) and the accurate diagnosis rate of HCC (χ2=14.450, 12.500, 10.083, all P<0.001) of subtraction images from arterial phase were significantly higher than that of arterial images. For HCC<20 mm, the detection rate of Nonrim APHE combined with arterial phase images was significantly higher than that in arterial phase images (χ2=5.143, P=0.016). For all HCC and isointensity or hyperintensity HCC, the detection rate of nonperipheral washout combined with portal venous phase images was higher than that in portal venous phase images (χ2=7.111, 6.125, P=0.004, 0.008). The detection rate of enhancing capsule of subtraction images from portal venous phase was higher than that of portal venous phase images in all groups (all P<0.017). The accurate diagnosis rate of subtraction images from portal venous phase in all HCC and HCC≥20 mm was higher than that in portal venous phase images (χ2=6.722, 6.750, P=0.008, 0.006). The accurate diagnosis rate of LR-5 in all groups using subtraction images from arterial phase and portal venous phase was higher than that of MRI images (all P<0.013). Conclusion:For Gd-EOB-DTPA dynamic enhanced MRI, subtraction images from arterial phase and portal venous phase are better than arterial phase and portal venous phase images in displaying Nonrim APHE, nonperipheral washout and enhancing capsule, which can improve the LI-RADS classification of HCC.

Objective:To investigate the value of serum miR-143 level combined with MRI in predicting the early response to concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) in cervical cancer.Methods:A total of 85 patients with pathologically confirmed cervical cancer underwent conventional MRI, intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI), and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) before CCRT. The biopsy tissues and serum samples were collected. The differential expression of miRNA in the biopsy tissues was determined by microarray chip. The expression level of miR-143 in the serum samples was analyzed by qRT-PCR. All patients were divided into the non-residual and residual tumor groups according to post-treatment MRI. Pre-treatment clinical factors, MRI parameters and miR-143 between two groups were statistically analyzed by the univariate and multivariate analyses. The optimal thresholds and predictive performance for post-treatment incidence of residual tumors were estimated by drawing the ROC curve.Results:At one month after CCRT, there were 52 patients in the non-residual tumor group and 33 patients in the residual tumor group. In the residual tumor group, pre-treatment FIGO staging, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), D and V e were significantly higher (all P<0.05), whereas K trans value was significantly lower ( P<0.001) when compared to those in the non-residual tumor group. The miRNA array analysis showed that there were 16 miRNAs with differential expression levels between two groups (all P<0.05). Among them, the increase of miR-143 was the most significant in the residual tumor group. Compared with the residual tumor group, the expression level of serum miR-143 was significantly down-regulated in the non-residual tumor group ( P=0.002). Compared with the SiHa cells, the expression level of miR-143 in the SiHa-R cells was significantly up-regulated ( P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that only miR-143, D, K trans and V e were the independent prognostic factors. The combination of multi-parametric MRI and miR-143 exhibited the highest predictive performance (AUC=0.975), with a sensitivity of 84.8% and a specificity of 96.2%. Conclusion:The combination of multi-parametric MRI with miR-143 further improves the predictive performance for residual tumors after CCRT, which contributes to the personalized treatment of cervical cancer.

BACKGROUNDThe diagnosis of liver fibrosis is a difficult task at any time using conventional clinical imaging. Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) can be used to investigate both diffusion and perfusion changes in tissues. This study was designed to determine the value of IVIM in the diagnosis and staging of liver fibrosis.

METHODSIVIM examinations were performed on a GE 3.0T MR scanner in 25 patients with liver fibrosis and 25 healthy volunteers as the control group. Patients with liver fibrosis diagnosis were confirmed by pathology and staged on a scale of F0-4. The standard ADC values and the values of a biexponential model (slow ADC (Dslow), fast ADC (Dfast) and fraction of fast ADC (FF)) were measured in three liver regions per person. The mean standard ADC values, Dslow values, Dfast values and FF values from the study group were compared among the right posterior hepatic lobe, right anterior hepatic lobe and medial segment of the left lobe. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and independent-samples t-tests were used to calculate the mean standard ADC values, Dslow values, Dfast values and FF values from the study group and the control group. Spearman rho correlation analysis was used for the stage of liver fibrosis. The liver fibrosis stages between the groups F0-1 and F2-4, the groups F0-2 and F3-4 were compared.

RESULTSAmong the liver fibrosis, there was no significant difference in the mean standard ADC values, Dslow values, Dfast values, and FF values obtained from the right posterior hepatic lobe, right anterior hepatic lobe and medial segment of the left lobe. Using ROC analysis, the Area Under the Curve (AUC) values of standard ADC, Dslow, Dfast, FF were all between 0.7 to 0.9. The mean standard ADC values, Dslow values, Dfast values and FF values of the liver in the study group were significantly lower than the values in the control group (P < 0.05). As the stage of the fibrosis increased, the values decreased by Spearman rho correlation analysis. The mean values (standard ADC, Dslow, Dfast, and FF) of liver fibrosis stages between the groups F0-1 and F2-4, the groups F0-2 and F3-4 showed significant differences (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSIVIM can reflect the conditions of perfusion and diffusion in liver fibrosis and thus distinguish between normal liver and liver fibrosis. The IVIM technique may serve as a valuable tool for detecting and characterizing liver fibrosis, and monitoring its progression in a noninvasive manner.

Adult ; Aged ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Liver Cirrhosis ; diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged