OBJECTIVE: To optimize the formulation of metoprolol tartrate sustained-release tablets in compound hydrochlorothiazide double layer tablet.METHODS: The formulation of metoprolol tartrate sustained-release tablets was optimized using orthogonal experiment with release rate in vitro as index,total amount of HPMC and carbomer (A) and its ratio (B),amount of MCC (C) and the concentration of PVP ethanol solution (D) as factors.RESULTS: The optimal formulation was as follows: A=30%,B=1 ∶ 2,C=20% and D=5%.Accumulative release rate of 3 batches of metoprolol tartrate sustained-release tablet prepared by optimized formulation were 25%～45% within 1 h,40%～75% within 4 h,more than 75% within 8 h and more than 90% within 24 h.CONCLUSION: Optimized formulation of metoprolol tartrate sustained-release tablets is reasonable and simple.

Objective Focusing on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of central venous catheter (CVC)-related bloodstream infections(CRBSI) in clinical practice, to provide clinical evidences for reducing the incidence of central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections Methods The related articles within the latest 5 years were reviewed, and the related monitoring data of the hospital were analyzed. Results ( 1 )The pathogens of CRBSI invaded bloodstream through the puncture point/hub, and the pathogens of the secondary CRBSI came from the infections in other sites, invading bloodstream and adhering the catheter tip. (2)Highlights on the diagnosis of CRBSI: For the patients with CVC, the possibility of the CRBSI should be considered when severe fever not due to non-infectious causes occurred. Infection occurring time and pathogen are different between the general catheters and the anti-infective catheters. The effect of antiinfection of the anti-infective catheters are limited. To pull out the catheters is the most effective treatment measures. Routine puncture point culture should be rejected. ( 3 ) Prevention of CRBSI: The indications of CVC intubation should be undisputed. Silicone catheter should be used. The catheter should not be indwelled more than 5 days. Conclusions Invasive operation, the lasting time of catheterization and using a lot of antibiotics are the susceptible factors for CRBSI. Hospital should establish suite intervention methods and operation procedures,strengthen education of the medical staff and proceed with targeted monitor for decreasing the rate of infectious.

BACKGROUNDKAI1 is a new identified metastasis-suppressor gene whose expression in many types of tumors has been reported. The aim of study is to investigate the role of KAI1 protein in development of lung cancer and its values in predicting the prognosis of lung cancer.

METHODSThe expressions of KAI1 protein were detected in benign pulmonary disease tissue, precancerous disease tissue, lung cancer tissue and metastatic lung cancer tissue in local lymph node using tissue microarray and immunohistochemical method. The relationship between expression of KAI1 protein and clinicopathological parameters of patients with lung cancer was analyzed by Chi-Square test and Fisher exact test.

RESULTSThe positive rate of KAI1 expression was 100.0% in 10 cases of benign pulmonary diseases, 66.7% in 12 cases of precancerous diseases, 24.7% in 89 cases of primary lung cancer and 0 in metastatic lung cancer tissue in local lymph node respectively. The KAI1 protein expression in primary lung cancer tissues had no remarkable relationship with age and gender of the patients and the location of cancer, but had significant relationship with the histological type and differentiated degree of tumor, P-TNM stages and lymph node metastatic status.

CONCLUSIONSThe abnormal expression of KAI1 protein may participate in malignant progression of lung cancer. Its downregulation may promote the invasion and metastasis of tumor cell. Detection of the expression of KAI1 protein may be helpful to predict the prognosis of lung cancer.

In order to investigate the effects of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tyramine on the growth of Lycoris radiata suspension cells and the accumulation of alkaloids, the growth quantity of the cells as well as the content of alkaloids in cells were determined, which were treated with above three kinds of precursors alone and phenylalanine combined with tyrosine respectively. The results indicate that the addition of phenylalanine alone and addition of phenylalanine on the basis of tyrosine at high concentration (200 micromol/L) had no significant effect on the growth of Lycoris radiata suspension cells and the content of alkaloids in cells; whereas tyrosine and tyramine promoted the growth of the cells and alkaloids accumulation. Treated with tyrosine at high concentration (200 micromol/L), the content of alkaloids of the cells was 2.56-fold higher than that of the control group, the amounts of lycoramine (3.77 mg/g) and galanthamine (4.46 mg/g) were 6.61-fold and 6.97-fold higher than that of the control group, respectively. When treated with tyramine (200 micromol/L), the amount of alkaloids in Lycoris radiata suspension cells was 2.63-fold higher than that of the control group, and the amounts of lycoramine (4.45 mg/g) and galanthamine (5.14 mg/g) were 9.08-fold and 9.18-fold higher than that of the control group, respectively. The above results demonstrate that adding tyrosine and tyramine in the media significantly promoted the growth of the Lycoris radiata suspension cells and alkaloids accumulation in the cells.
Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids ; chemistry ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; chemistry ; Galantamine ; chemistry ; Lycoris ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Phenylalanine ; chemistry ; Plant Cells ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts

Objective:To investigate the quantification of CD4~+CD25~+ regulatory T cells and distribution of CD4~+CD8~+ T lymphocyte subgroup in peripheral blood of patients in chronic hepatitis B (CHB),and to reveal relationship between CD4~+CD25~+ regulatory T cells,CD4~+CD8~+ T lymphocyte subgroup and HBV infetion as well.Methods:CD4~+CD25~(high),CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~+Treg and CD3~+CD4~+CD8~+T lymphocyte subgroup in peripheral blood from 50 patients with CHB and 20 healthy controls was analyzed using flow cytometry.HBV DNA was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR.Results:The number of CD4~+CD25~(high)Tregs in patients with CHB was obviously higher than that in healthy controls(P＜0.01)and increased with copies of HBV DNA.The same with the change of CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~+Tregs in patients with CHB and there was a positive correlation between CD4~+CD25~(high)Tregs and CD4~+CD25~+Foxp3~+Tregs(r=0.890,P＜0.001).Compared with healthy controls,the frequency of CD4~+T cells and the ratio of CD4~+/CD8~+ in patients with CHB was declined,but there was no significant difference in the frequency of CD3~+T cells and CD8~+T cells between them(P＞0.05).The variation in the number of CD4~+CD25~(high)Tregs was correlated positively with the copies of HBV DNA(r=0.782,P＜0.001)and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(ALT)(r=0.432,P＜0.005)separately,but negatively with the frequency of CD3~+,CD4~+,CD8~+T cells and the ratio of CD4~+/CD8~+(P＞0.05).The variation in the frequency of CD3~+,CD4~+,CD8~+T cells and the ratio of CD4~+/CD8~+ was also correlated negatively with the copies of HBV DNA(P＞0.05).Conclusion:The number of CD4~+CD25~(high)Tregs increases in patients with CHB and is in accordance with the copies of HBV DNA and increased level of ALT.Further studies should be done to investigate weather CD4~+CD8~+ T lymphocyte subgroup could be used to monitor the state of community.

Objective To explore the relationship between the levels of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn in serum and Parkinson disease (PD). Methods A total of 40 patients with PD (PD group) and 40 control subjects (control group)were enrolled in this study. Serum levels of Mn were measured by graphite atomic absorption, and Cu ,Fe, Zn were measured by inductively coupled plasma(ICP)mass spectrometry. Resudts There were significantly increase in the levels of Mn and Fe in PD group than those in control group [(0.269±0.326) μ mol/L vs (0.125±0.054) μmol/L, P< 0.05, (1.512±0.949) μmol/L vs (0.676±0.111) μmol/L, P< 0.01)]. There were no significant difference in the levels of Cu and Zn between two groups (P> 0.05). Condusion Micreelements may play important roles in pathogenesis and development of PD, especially Fe and Mn.

BACKGROUNDIt has been proved that EphB4 and HIF-1α are closely related to the oncogenesis and development of lung cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the biological significances of EphB4 and HIF-1α in lung cancer and their relationship with each other.

METHODSThe expression of EphB4 and HIF-1α was detected in 54 lung cancer tissues and 10 normal lung tissues as control by immunohistochemical method.

RESULTSEphB4 and HIF-1α proteins were detectable in 50.0% and 42.6% of all 54 lung cancer tissues respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the control (P < 0.05); the positive ratios and the levels of the expressions of EphB4 and HIF-1α proteins were closely related to gross types, differentiations and clinical stages (P < 0.05), but not to histological classification, age, sex and lymph node metastasis (P > 0.05). A highly positive correlation was observed between EphB4 and HIF-1α expression (P < 0.01 ).

CONCLUSIONSOverexpression of EphB4 and HIF-1α may play an important role in the pathogenesis, progression and malignant degree of lung cancer. Detection of EphB4 and HIF-1α expression might be helpful to predict prognosis of patients with lung cancer.

A new leaf spot disease was observed on leaves of Rheum palmatum (Chinese rhubarb) in Northwest China (Gansu Province) starting in 2005. A Septoria-like fungus was isolated and completion of Koch's postulates confirmed that the fungus was the casual agent of the leaf spot disease. Morphology and molecular methods were combined to identify the pathogen. The fungus produced conidiomata pycnidia and the conidia were 2~5 septate, 61.2~134.1 µm in length and 3.53~5.3 µm in width, which is much larger than the known Spetoria species that infects Polygonaceae species. Phylogenic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region confirmed that this Spetoria-like fungus is within the Spetoria genus but distinct from known Spetoria species. Together, these morphological and phylogenetic data support that the R. palmatum infecting Spetoria strain is a newly-described plant pathogenic species.
China* ; Classification ; Fungi ; Plants ; Polygonaceae ; Rheum* ; Spores, Fungal

Causes analysis of death is the most common work in forensic pathology practice. When designing problem-based learning (PBL) teaching objectives, we should take cause analysis of death as the main line and give consideration to other related issues. The selected cases should be typical ones that solve the target problems, which can fully reflect the basic theoretical knowledge of forensic pathology, and have moderate difficulty, delights and clear conclusions. The PBL course is divided into three steps. The first step focuses on providing students with case information to guide them to find out the problems that need to be solved. The second step focuses on discussing the problems and making pathological diagnoses. The third step focuses on answering the question raised at the beginning of the course. Each lesson can also be divided into several sections by which the lesson plans should be prepared. In the teaching process, performing active interaction with students, controlling the direction of classroom development, balancing student opportunities should be done well in order to make the curriculum smoothly and achieve the purpose of teaching.

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of ovulation induction therapy in pa-tients with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS),and to construct a predictive model for the efficacy of ovulation induction therapy in PCOS patients.Methods A total of 200 infertile PCOS patients suit-able for ovulation induction therapy were selected as the study subjects.All patients underwent ovula-tion induction with letrozole or letrozole combined with urinary gonadotropins.They were divided into effective group(n=160)and ineffective group(n=40)based on the efficacy of ovulation induction.The clinical data of the two groups were retrospectively collected and analyzed.Logistic regression a-nalysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of ovulation induction therapy in PCOS patients,and a nomogram prediction model for the efficacy of ovulation induction was constructed.The predictive performance of the nomogram model for ovulation induction therapy in PCOS patients was evaluated.Results The number of ovulations and mature follicles,proportion of ovulation patients and endome-trial thickness in the effective group were significantly higher,and the androgen level in the effective group was significantly lower than that in the ineffective group(P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that androgen level,ovulation count,the number of mature follicles and endometrial thickness were influencing factors for the efficacy of ovulation induction in PCOS patients(OR＜1,P＜0.05).Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis revealed that the area under the curve(A1UC)values for ovulation count,the number of mature follicles,endometrial thickness and androgen level in assessing the efficacy of ovulation induction therapy in PCOS patients were greater than 0.60.The verifi-cation results of the nomogram prediction model showed that the consistency index value of the calibration curve was 0.984.Conclusion Androgen level,ovulation count,the number of mature follicles and endometrial thickness areinfluencing factors for the efficacy of ovulation induction therapy in PCOS pa-tients.The evaluation performance of the nomogram prediction model based on the above factors is good.