Ureteral stricture, urine leakage and other urinary complications are likely to occur after kidney transplantation, which severely affect the function of renal allograft and even lead to renal allograft loss. Ureteral stent plays a critical role in kidney transplantation, which could promote the urine flow from kidney to bladder after kidney transplantation, lower the pressure within the ureter and reduce the risk of early urinary complications. However, it may also cause urinary tract infection, stent-related complications and BK virus infection, etc. Therefore, clinicians should flexibly grasp the indications for ureteral stent removal. In this article, the application, potential adverse reactions and the timing of removal of ureteral stent in the field of kidney transplantation were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for clinical decision-making related to ureteral stent after kidney transplantation.

Objective To investigate the antioxidant activity of bamboo stem extracts and the therapeutic effect of bamboo stem water extract on oxidative inflammation induced by tert butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) in human colon adenocarcinoma cells (Caco-2). Methods In this study, ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays were used to determine the extracellular antioxidant activity of petroleum ether extract, ethyl acetate extract, n-butanol extract, 95% ethanol extract, and distilled water extract from bamboo stems. The human intestinal Caco-2 cell line was used as the model cell, and t-BHP was selected as the oxidative stress modeling agent. The CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell viability and the optimal oxidative damage concentration of t-BHP. The content of MDA, 8-OHdG, TNF-α and IL-1β were detected to assess antioxidant stress effect. Results The five extracts of bamboo all had certain antioxidant activity, among which the water extract of bamboo stem had the best comprehensive antioxidant activity with high cell viability in Caco-2 cells. The optimal modeling concentration of t-BHP was 200 μMol/L. The water extract of bamboo stem significantly reduced the content of oxidative stress related biomarkers and inflammatory factors in Caco-2 cells induced by t-BHP. Conclusion The stem extracts of bamboo in Xianning City have strong in vitro antioxidant activity. Among them, the water extract of bamboo stem has a protective effect on t-BHP induced oxidative damage in Caco-2 cells, suggesting that the water extract possesses a potential to be developed as new antioxidant products for clinical prevention and treatment of oxidative damage related diseases.