Object To study the origin, morphology and histology of Galla Cinnamomi Camphorae(GCC). Methods By the literature investigation and the survey in the production area, GCC was identified by microscopic technique. Results The origin and the medicinal part of GCC were defined. Conclusion GCC is the abnormal fruit of Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl which has been infected by Exobasidium sawadae Yamada and formed with hymenium and fruit. The characters in morphology and histology of GCC provide the scientific reference of identification of the crude drug.

Through the textual research, resource investigation, literature reviews (including Flora of China, municipal Flora, pharmacopoeia of China and municipal drug standards) and identification of commercial drugs on Cuscutae Semen, it was found the species described in the herbal textual was Cuscuta chinensis, with good quality from Shandong and Henan Province. The identification of commodities showed the majority drugs were from C. australis, varied from the ancient herbal textuals .Mordern literature reviews indicate that it was necessary to strengthen the research on Cuscutae Semen from C. australis, C. chinensis and C. japonica because of their differences in resources, macroscopical and microscopical characters, while wrong descriptions in some literatures. It was suggested that the two species (C. australis and C. chinensis) should be separated in pharmacopoeia of China. The study provides scientific basis for the development and utilization of Cuscutae Semen.

Aim Arsenic trioxide (ATO, As203 ) can effectively treat acute promyelocyte leukemia (APL) and other malignant tumors.However.ATO has been found to have nephrotoxic effects during the treatment process, which limits the clinical application of ATO.Studies have shown that the use of ATO can interfere with the body's oxidation, causing to oxidative stress, damage DNA repair pathways, and induce DNA mutations.leading to cell cancer.This is currently one of the important mechanisms of ATO nephrotoxicity.Apoptosis, DNA methyl a- tion caused by ATO are also causes of nephrotoxicity.This article summarizes the research and prevention of ATO nephrotoxicity mechanism.

This research is to establish an HPLC method for determination of geniposidic acid, genipin-1-β-D-gentiobioside, geniposide, p-trans-coumaroylgenipin gentiobioside, chlorogenic acid, crocin-Ⅰ, crocin-Ⅱ and crocin-Ⅲ in Gardeniae Fructus at different harvest time. The detection wavelength was 238, 320 and 440 nm. Principal component analysis(PCA), correlation analysis, regression analysis and partial least squares(PLS) analysis were used to explore the relationship of color and content of eight components in Gardeniae Fructus. The result showed that the trend of the eight components in Gardeniae Fructus at harvest time in different three years was varied similarly. According to the variation of eight components at different harvest time, the mature and immaturate Gardeniae Fructus were discriminated. The content of crocin-Ⅰwas correlated positively with a~* of color significance. The redder color of Gardeniae Fructus showed the higher value of a~* and content of crocin-Ⅰ, indicating the better quality of Gardeniae Fructus. This method provided reference for justifying the color and quality of Gardeniae Fructus and scientific evidence for "assessing quality by distinguishing color".
Chlorogenic Acid ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Fruit ; Gardenia

Aim To study the therapeutic effect of 35% and 70% ethanol elution sites of Gardeniae Fructus extract on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)/ethanol induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in rats, and to identify the chemical composition of the active elution site using mass spectrometry. Methods The UC model induced by TNBS was used in rats, and the different eluted parts were administered by gavage at a dose of 2. lg/kg for 7 days. Body weight measurement , disease activity index (DAI) score, and pathological score of colon tissues were compared. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) , superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde ( MDA ) , nitric oxide ( NO ) , tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) , interleukin in mouse colon tissue -6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 (3 (IL-ip) levels were compared among groups. Liquid-mass spectrometry was used to identify the chemical components of the parts with better efficacy. Results Compared with model group, the weight loss in 35% elution site group was significantly improved, the DAI and histopathology scores were markedly reduced, and the contents of MPO, NO, MDA, TNF-a, IL-6 and IL-1(3 in tissues were apparently reduced. SOD content increased significantly (P <0. 01). A total of 19 chemical components were identified by LC-MS, 11 of which were iri- doids. Conclusions The 35% elution site of Gardeni- a has obvious therapeutic effect on UC rats, and the iridoid component may be the material basis for its function.