Objective:To explore the care burden of the primary caregivers of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients and its correlation with psychological resilience and social support.Methods:From January 2020 to December 2021, 97 MHD patients and 97 primary caregivers admitted to Zhumadian Central Hospital were selected by convenient sampling. The subjects were investigated with the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI) , Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) . Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between the care burden, psychological resilience and social support of the main caregivers of MHD patients. Model 4 in the PROCESS macro program was used to test the intermediary model, and the significance of the intermediary effect was tested by Bootstrap analysis. A total of 97 questionnaires were distributed, and the effective recovery rate was 100.00%.Results:There were statistically significant differences in the ZBI scores of MHD patients' main caregivers with different ages, with or without other care workers, total care time, daily care time, psychological resilience and social support ( P<0.05) . The total ZBI score of the main caregivers of MHD patients was (42.39±10.61) , of which 1.03% (1/97) had no or very mild burden, 44.33% (43/97) had mild burden, 50.52% (49/97) had moderate burden, and 4.12% (4/97) had severe burden. The total score of CD-RISC of the main caregivers of MHD patients was (53.09±5.69) , of which 79.38% (77/97) of the main caregivers had low-level resilience, and 20.62% (20/97) of the main caregivers had medium-level resilience. The total SSRS score of the main caregivers of MHD patients was (30.33±7.19) , of which 21.65% (21/97) of the main caregivers had low-level social support, 76.29% (74/97) of the main caregivers had medium-level social support, and 2.06% (2/97) of the main caregivers had high-level social support. The care burden of the main caregivers of MHD patients was negatively correlated with psychological resilience and social support, and psychological resilience was positively correlated with social support ( P<0.05) . Social support positively predicted psychological resilience and negatively predicted care burden ( P<0.05) . Psychological resilience negatively predicted care burden ( P<0.05) . The intermediary model (dependent variable was care burden; independent variable was social support; intermediary variable was psychological resilience) had a significant intermediary effect. The indirect effect accounted for 79.23% of the total effect, and the direct effect accounted for 20.77% of the total effect. Conclusions:The main caregivers of MHD patients have moderate care burden, and social support can directly affect the care burden, and also indirectly affect the care burden through the mediation of psychological resilience.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of tanshinone IIA (TanIIA) on calcium current induced by beta-amyloid protein 25-35 (Abeta25-35) in neurons of nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM). METHODS: Cell acute dissociated technique and the whole-cell recording model of patch-clamp technique of single-cell were used. The voltage-dependent calcium current in neurons of nbM was recorded in SD rats first. Then the effect of TanIIA on the voltage-dependent calcium current in the neurons was assayed. The change of calcium current induced by Abeta25-35 as well as the effect of TanIIA on the change of calcium current induced by Abeta25-35 in neurons of nbM were analyzed. RESULTS: Extracellular fluid containing different concentrations of TanIIA was irrigated, respectively. The peak current did not change obviously. There was no difference in current density between the TanIIA group and the control group at 0 mV (P>0.05). Extracellular fluid containing 200 nmol/L Abeta25-35 was irrigated after the normal calcium current recorded under whole patch clamp, and the peak current changed obviously. There was distinct difference in the current density between the Abeta group and the control group at 0 mV (P<0.05). Extracellular fluid containing Abeta25-35 and different concentrations of TanIIA were irrigated after the normal calcium current was recorded under whole patch clamp, respectively, and the peak current did not change. There was no difference in current density between the TanIIA +Abeta group and the control group at 0 mV (P>0.05). CONCLUSION In vitro, TanIIA could inhibit the calcium current amplification induced by Abeta25-35 in neurons of nbM. TanIIA may protect neurons against the toxicity of Abeta and decrease the inward flow of Ca(2+).
Abietanes ; pharmacology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; toxicity ; Animals ; Basal Nucleus of Meynert ; cytology ; metabolism ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Calcium Channels ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Male ; Neurons ; cytology ; metabolism ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Peptide Fragments ; toxicity ; Rats