The application of electron impact, chemical ionization , fast atom bombardment, electro-spray ionization, matrix-assisted laser desor ption ionization and tandem mass spectrometry in the structural analysis of sacc harides was reviewed, 53 papers were cited.

Object To study the polysaccharides from Salvia chinensis Benth. Methods DEAE-cellulose and gel-filtration chromatography were used to isolate and purify the polysaccharides whose structures were characterized by using chemical and spectral methods. Results Two homogeneous polysaccharides,named SC5 and SC6,were obtained from the water and diluted-alkaline extract,respectively,with their molecular weights estimated by HPGPC to be 4.8?10 4 and more than 1.0?10 6. Both structures were investigated to be complicated acidic polysaccharides. Conclusion The two polysaccharides are obtained for the first time from this plant.

Objective Analyzing and summarizing the characteristics and clinical data of 238 cases of unexplained fever in patients with normal or decreased white blood cell count, to guide the clinical diagnosis and treatment in feverish pa-tients with normal or decreased white blood cell count.Methods In the department of hematology 238 cases of fever in pa-tients with normal or decreased white blood counts have been collected from January 2009 to December 2013.Retrospectively analyze their clinical manifestations, related auxiliary examination, and diagnostic process and treatment.Results 234 cases in the total 238 cases had confirmed diagnoses, of which the rate was 98.3%.Of the total 238 cases, 176 cases (73.8%) were diagnosed with infectious diseases; 17 cases (7.2%) were diagnosed with malignancy; 6 cases (2.5%) were diag-nosed with connective tissue disease;35 cases (14.8%) were diagnosed with other diseases;diagnoses of 4 cases (1.7%) were not confirmed.Conclusion Most patients with fever can have a confirmed diagnosis after a detailed history and physical examination.The main cause of fever is infection.Fevers with normal or decreased white blood cell count have their particular clinical manifestations which should be concerned, targeted and treated accordingly as soon as possible.

Object To develop a simple and reliable method to detect the presence of uronic acids in polysaccharides Methods Uronic acid containing polysaccharides and standard glucons were subjected to acid hydrosis for 2 h and 4 h respectively. Samples of the products, before and after hydrolysis were analyzed by TLC using standard uronic acid as the control and aminobenzen alizaric acid as the chromogenic agent, to compare the sensitivities in the detection of uronic acid used in the present conventional analysis. Results The fluorescent spots used as criterion in traditional TLC method were not shown by uronic acids, but by CF 3COOCH 3 and other by products in reaction 0 5 ?g of uronic acid could be detected with our method, without false positive reaction Conclusion The traditional TLC method seemed to lack theorectical background and may mislead structural study The present method in more reliable to detect uronic acids in polysaccharides by analyzing the complete hydrolytic products of polysaccharides using TLC with standard uronic acids as control and aminobenzene alizaric acid as chromogenic agent

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations and possible reasons of the missed and inaccurate diagnosis of Fuchs syndrome. Methods The clinical data of 85 patients with Fuchs syndrome who were diagnosed and treated from June 1999 to December 2003 were retrospectively analyzed. The disease history of each patient was carefully recorded. Slit-lamp microscopy was performed on the patients. The character and distribution of keratic precipitates (KP), color of the iris, depigmentation, and complications were noted in detail. The data recorded in other hospitals were analyzed and the reasons of missed and inaccurate diagnosis were statistically analyzed. Results The age of the patients ranged from 13 to 72 years, and binocular involvement was noted in 76 patients. None of the patients showed ciliary congestion and iris synechiae. Middle-sized or stellated KP was found. Triangle-distributed KP was seen in 13 patients, and diffuse distribution behind the corneal or in the pupil area was in 72. Anterior-chamber flare was observed in all of the patients, while anterior-chamber cells were only noted in 42 patients. The iris with different degrees of depigmentation was found in all the patients. Complicated cataract and increased intraocular pressure occured in 44 and 19 patients, respectively. The diagnosis in other hospitals mainly included uveitis, anterior uveitis and complicated cataract. Conclusions Fuchs syndrome is characterized by depigmented iris and typical KP. Missed and inaccurate diagnosis is mainly due to the unawareness of its clinical features.

Objective: To compare the effects of droperidol, midazolam sedation on implicit memory in patients under epidural anesthesia. Methods: Thirty- two patients with ASA I 一 II un-dergoing general surgery operations with epidural anesthesia were divided into 2 groups,group D received droperidol 2.5mg and fentanyl 0.05mg as sedative, group M received midazolam 3mg and fentanyl 0.05 mg as sedative. The explicit memory and implicit memory scores were gained by methods of process dissociation procedure, and the patients' assessment of alertness/sedation scales were graded simultaneouly. Results: The median of patient' assessment of alertness/ seda-tion scale in group D and group M were 4 and 3 respectively. Patients in group D had higher explicit memory scores and lower implicit memory scores than those in group M. But the implicit memory had not disappeared completely in group D. Respiratory depression emerged when increasing the dosage of droperidol. Conclustion: Droperidol can specifically depress the implicit memory, but it results in respiratory depression when the dosage of droperidol increased. It limits the usage of droperidol to eliminate the implicit memory completely.

Objective To observe the effects of exogenous adrenomedullin(ADM)on expressions of IL-4 and IFN-γ following mechanical renal trauma in the rats. Methods A total of 104 healthy adult plain grade Wistar rats were,randomly divided into four groups,ie,normal control group(eight rats),simple trauma group(32 rats),prevention group(32 rats,injected with ADM before trauma)and treatment group(32 rats,injected with ADM after trauma).The experimental model of rat with mechanical renal trauma was prepared by striking the ridge of the left rib area with free dropping forrous hammer in all groups except for the control group.Ten minutes before and after mechanical renal trauma,ADM ly.All rats were sacrificed by draining out all the blood in their hearts at 1,6,12 and 24 hours after mechanical renal trauma.Then,the renal tissues were removed and fixed with 10% formalin for observing the positive expressions of IL-4 and IFN-γ by means of SABC staining. Results Compared with the simple trauma group,the positive expression of IL-4 in the prevention group Wag observed at 1 hour,gradually increased at 6 and 12 hours and reached the peak at 24 hours after mechanical renal trauma,with statistical difference(P<0.05).The positive expression of IL-4 in the treatment group WaS increased at one hour and reached the peak at 6 hours after mechanical renal trauma,with statistical difference(P<0.05).Compared with the simple trauma group,the IFN-γ expression in the prevention group was,increased at 6 and 24 hours but decreased at 12 hour,while that in the treatment group was decreased significantly at 1,12 and 24 hours.Compared with the normal control group,the IFN-γ expression in the treatment group was significantly decreased at 1 and 12 hours.The IFN-γ expression in the treatment group was lower than that in the prevention group at every time points,with statistical difference(P<0.05). Conclusions Preventive and therapeutic administration of exogenous ADM can enhance the expression of IL-4.IL-4 and IFN-γ play an antagonistic role in repair ofthe renal injury.The primary role of exogenous ADM is the dynamic regulation of IFN-γ expression.

Objective To understand the status quo of ICU nurses career situations and its influencing factors in Shandong province. Methods A total of 247 ICU nurses were investigated by questionnaires on career condition. Results The career condition score was 79.19 ± 11.63. In addition, statistical significances were revealed by occupational career questionnaire of ICU nurses in different aspect of the scores with age, gender, working years in the ICU, access years to ICU nurses specialist, whether to participate in career training. The scores of career condition and career identity ICU nurses were different, the 40-years-older group was higher than 31-40 years group (P=0.007, P=0.005). The dimension scores of male nurses organizational commitment was higher than that of female nurses(P=0.002). The scores of career condition whose ICU working life more than 16 years were higher than those of within 5 years(P=0.013). The career condition scores of the ICU nurses with access years of specialist qualifications 7-9 years was higher than those of within 3 years(P=0.011). Conclusions The career condition score of ICU clinical nurse specialists was at a medium level, it still needs to be further improved, managers should pay attention to the different levels of nurses to provide career training, in order to promote the professional development of critical care nurses.

To discuss clinical diagnosis and treatment of cow’s milk protein allergy and cow’s milk protein-induced FPIES (food protein induced enterocolitis syndrome). Methods We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of one infant with milk protein allergy-induced FPIES. Results A 67 days old female on mixed breast and formula feeding developed recurrent diarrhea, abdominal distension, vomiting, mucousy and bloody stools, feeding dififculty, anemia, and failure to thrive since 2 weeks after birth. Laboratory studies showed anemia, increased CRP level and elevation of peripheral white blood count and eosinophil proportion. Milk-speciifc IgE was negative. She was previously hospitalized 4 times, all with admitting diagnosis of“necrotizing enterocolitis”. We treated her with milk protein elimination for 4 weeks and all symptoms were resolved. Milk protein re-challenge test was positive, consistent with clinical features of cow’s milk protein allergy-induced infant FPIES. Conclusions Cow’s milk protein allergy and cow’s milk protein-induced FPIES can present with non-speciifc and variable clinical symptoms and signs, and should be considered in the differential diagnosis.

OBJECTIVETo study the mechanism underlying the effect of the SOCS3 rs4969170 A/G alleles on the occurrence of insulin resistance (IR) in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

METHODSThe promoter region of the SOCS3 gene was amplified by PCR,and luciferase expression vectors were constructed and transfected into HepG2,Huh7 cell lines.The relative luciferase activity of each expression vector was assessed by the dual luciferase reporter gene assay system.Western blotting was used to detect SOCS3 protein expression in PBMCs from groups of patients with the rs4969170 AA and AG genotypes.The state of IR in eight patients was evaluated by determining their HOMA-IR.

RESULTSThe pGL3-A, PGL3-G and pGL3-control vectors showed significantly different luciferase expression in the HepG2 cells (0.121 00 ± 0.022 07,0.027 00+/-0.012 49 and 0.043 33 ± 0.005 51; F =48.068, P=0.001) and in the Huh7 cell lines (0.164 70 ± 0.007 10,0.027 33 ± 0.017 04 and 0.033 67 ± 0.014 98; F =115.137, P=0.001). The expression of SOCS3 protein was significantly higher in the rs4969170 AA genotype group than in the AG genotype group (1.22 ± 0.40 vs. 0.30 ± 0.19; t =4.149, P=0.006).The IR index of patients with the rs4969170 AA genotype and the AG genotype was 4.11 ± 2.62 and 1.47 ± 1.01 respectively.There were three patients with IR in the rs4969170 AA genotype group and one in the rs4969170 AG group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two genotype groups (t=1.881, P=0.109).

CONCLUSIONSThe SOCS3 rs4969170 A haplotype may enhance transcriptional activity of the gene promoter to regulate gene expression, thereby increasing intracellular SOCS3 protein level and ultimately interfering with insulin signaling and causing IR in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Genes, Reporter ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Luciferases ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein ; Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins