Sevoflurane is a commonly used inhalation anesthetic in childrenjs general anesthesia, which may have some adverse effects on brain development. This review discusses the effects of sevoflurane anesthesia on developing brain, based on the characteristics of developing brain tissue, the effects on developing brain function, the mechanism of sevoflurane neurotoxicity and the strategies to reduce sevoflurane anesthesia neurotoxicity, so as to provide reference for clinical application.