Objective To observe and compare the different forces between doctors and nurses used visible laryngoscope endotracheal intubation applied to the oropharyngeal organization. Methods 10 nurses (to carry on laryngoscope intubation theory, and had certain study period practice) were chosen in group A and 10 clinical anaesthetize doctors (to be possible correctly used visible laryngoscopes) were chosen in group B, two groups used the visible laryngoscope on the same model person body inserted the tube, computer monitor software recorded results. Results The impulse force was (25.57±3.37) N·s and insert tube time was (25.3±3.3) s in group A which were higher than (16.47±2.99) N·s and (16.2±3.0) s in group B (t=2.550 and 2.207, P<0.05). The average forces in group A and group B were (0.87±0.62) N and (0.64±0.30) N, and peak forces were (3.05±0.95) N and (2.06±0.48) N, there was no remarkable difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusions There is no statistics difference forces applied to the oropharyngeal organization between nurses and anaesthesiologists using visible laryngoscope intubation, and visible laryngoscope intubation technique is easy to learn and it is feasible by the nurse to master the technology and applied to anesthesia intubation care and emergency care.

Objective To evaluate the performance of surgical approaches in the treatment of linear scleroderma of the head and face. Methods Forty-three patients with stable linear scleroderma of the head and face were included in this study. Surgical approaches, which included direct suture,skin flap translocation, soft-tissue augmentation and filling operation with dermal tissues, were selected and utilized alone or in combination according to the size, location and degree of atrophy and depression of lesions. Results After surgical treatment, wound dehiscence developed in one of these patients, but the wound healed after two sessions of suture. During one year of follow up, all the patients achieved favorite color, feeling and blood supply in the filling areas as well as good facial profile and visual appearance with no obvious convexity and concavity. Skin flaps matched well with surrounding tissues, incision lines were inconspicuous, and hairline looked naturally with well-distributed hairs in these patients after treatment. Patients were satisfied with treatment results. Conclusion Satisfied cosmetic outcomes can be achieved by using surgical approaches in patients with stable linear scleroderma of the head and face.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the effectiveness and safety of pranoprofen combined with sodium hyaluronate in the treat-ment of moderate and severe dry eyes. METHODS:180 patients with moderate and severe dry eyes were divided into observation group and control group by random number table method,with 90 cases in each group. Control group was given Sodium hyaluro-nate eye drops,one drop each time,tid,and received physical therapy as cleaning eyelid,hot compress and glandulae tarsales mas-sage. Observation group was additionally given Pranoprofen eye drops,one drop each time,tid. A treatment course lasted for 2 weeks. The monocular corneal fluorescence staining score,break-up time of tear film(BUT),dry eye symptom scores,ShirmerⅠtest (SIT) before and after treatment,clinical efficacy and ADR were compared between 2 groups. RESULTS:2,4 weeks after treatment,monocular corneal fluorescence staining scores and dry eye symptom scores of 2 groups were significantly lower than be-fore treatment;BUT and SIT were significantly longer than before;those indexes after 4 weeks of treatment were significantly bet-ter than after 2 weeks of treatment;those indexes of observation group after 2,4 weeks of treatment were significantly better than those of control group at the same time,with statistical significance (P<0.05). The total effective rate of observation group was 94.44%,which was significantly higher than that of control group(78.89%),with statistical significance(P<0.05). Both groups suffered from eye irritation symptom to different extent,and no other severe complications was found. There was no statistical sig-nificance in eye irritation symptom score between 2 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:For moderate and severe dry eyes,prano-profen combined with sodium hyaluronate can effectively control ocular inflammation and improve tear film stability. It shows defi-nite therapeutic efficacy and good safety.

Objective To investigate the action mechanism of Qingjin Huatan Decoction on regulating COPD rats with mucus hypersecretion in airway. Methods Fifty 6-8 week old Wistar male rats were randomly divided into healthy group, model group, Qingjin Huatan Decoction group, clarithromycin group, 10 rats in each group. Except for healthy group, all the other groups were used the combination method of injecting LPS and smudging to establish COPD models. The last three groups were fed with normal saline, Qingjin Huatan Decoction, clarithromycin respectively for 30 days. On the 31st day of the experiment, the rats were put to death to take lung tissue. 6 rats from each group were chosen randomly, and the protein expressions of NE, EGFR and MUC5AC mRNA in lung tissue were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Results The expressions of NE, MUC5AC mRNA in lung tissue of COPD rats were higher than the healthy group. Compared with model group, the expressions of NE mRNA and MUC5AC mRNA in Qingjin Huatan Decoction group and clarithromycin group were markedly lower, while the expressions of NE, MUC5AC mRNA in Qingjin Huatan Decoction group were significantly lower than those in clarithromycin group. The expression of EGFR mRNA in Qingjin Huatan Decoction group was lower than that in model group. Conclusion Qingjin Huatan Decoction can inhibit mucus hypersecretion in airway through NE/EGFR/MUC5AC signal transduction pathway.

Objectives:To explore the prevalence and correlates of attempted suicide among Beijing psycho-logical aids hotline callers,in order to provide knowledge of hotline-based suicide prevention.Methods:From De-cember 2002 to December 2008,all the effective callers who consulted themselves'psychological problem,by Bei-jing psychological aids hotline were interviewed by professional hotline operators during the consulting calling.Data of whether callers attempted suicidal behavior in 2 weeks prior to the calling,gender and other 5 demographic char-acteristics of callers were collected via hotline interview.A questionnaire including depression screening scale,com-mon psychiatric symptoms such as delusion,hallucination,etc.,a history of substance abuse or dependence,a histo-ry of suicidal behavior,having had acute or chronic life events,and severity of hopeless was used during hotline in-terview.Logistic regression model was used.Results:In 22 415 interviewed callers,362 (1.6%)callers (233 fe-males)reported that they attempted suicidal behavior in 2 weeks prior to the calling.After adjusted for demographic characteristics,prior suicidal behavior 2 weeks before calling (OR=4.43,95%CI:3.37-5.83),hopelessness (OR=2.01,95%CI:1.52-2.67),substance abuse (OR=1.97,95%CI:1.48 -2.62),acute negative life events (OR=1.94,95%CI:1.49-2.52),and severe depressive symptoms (OR=1.45,95%CI:1.08-1.95)were associatedwith attempted suicide among hotline callers.Conclusion:The rates of attempted suicide among hotline callers are probably high.Suicide prevention in hotline would shed light on improving coping skills for life events and sub-stance abuse problems for hotline callers.

Brevundimonas vesicularis is a rare opportunistic pathogen, which is rare in clinical practice, especially in cases of central nervous system infection. There are no reports in China, and only one case is reported abroad. We analyzed the clinical data of one case of bacterial meningitis caused by Brevundimonas vesicularis in our department, in order to improve the understanding of the disease.

Objective To Compare characteristics between the psychological aids hotline callers who had single attempted suicide and those callers who had repeated attempted suicide. Methods The analysis was conducted on the da?tabase of Beijing psychological aids hotline from Dec., 2002 to Dec., 2008. All the effective callers were consulted by pro?fessional hotline operators. During the calling, the callers were interviewed on their attempted suicides, depression and 11 correlates associated with caller's suicidal behaviors. Results Among 4519 callers who had attempted suicide, 2441 (54%) of them had attempted suicide once, and the other 2078 (46.0%) callers had repeated suicide attempts. After ad?justed for gender, age, and the other 4 demographic variables, history of being abused (OR=1.35, 95%CI: 1.08~1.67), afraid of being attack (OR=1.35, 95%CI: 1.01~1.59), relatives or associates with prior suicidal behavior history (OR=1.17, 95%CI: 1.001~1.36), hopelessness (OR=1.20, 95%CI: 1.02~1.40), and psychological treatment history (OR=0.73, 95%CI:0.62~0.86) were associated with repeated suicide among hotline callers. Conclusions To improve the effective?ness of hotline based suicide prevention, assessment of risk of repeated attempted suicide among the callers with a histo?ry of prior attempted suicide should focus on the history of being abused, afraid of being attack, hopelessness, relatives or associates with prior suicide history, and psychological treatment history.

Objective To establish and evaluate a method for determination of total arsenic in urine by test-tube rapid digestion hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry.Methods After digestion of urine samples using graduated test-tube and graphite digestion apparatus,arsenic content in urine was determined with atomic fluorescence spectrometer.Then the test results were evaluated by using quality control measures,such as precision and accuracy experiments,and the results between different laboratories were reviewed and compared.Results The urinary arsenic was in a linear range of 0-0.300 mg/L,correlation coefficient (r) ＞ 0.999 3,detection limit was 0.000 21 mg/L,relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤4.62％ and the recoveries of standard addition were 93.9％-104.3％.The value of standard reference material measured was within the allowable range.The blind sample of the national urinary arsenic was qualified.Conclusions This method is suitable for large scale determination of urinary arsenic for its micro sample amount needed,less interference and strong practicability.The error results are in a controlled range.

Objective:To develop the Counseling Skills Rating Scale for Psychological Aids Hotline (CSRSPAH),an instrument to objectively assess the quality of process of counseling or intervention provided by hotline operators,and to test its validities and reliabilities.Methods:A draft of the scale,which consisted of 50 items under 5 dimensions,was designed in line with previous researches and the practice.In pilot study,supervisors at Beijing psychological aids hotline,assessed tape recorded sessions and gave feedbacks on the draft of the scale.The scale had been revised based on the pilot study.Twenty-eight items were deleted,and several items were rephrased.Finally,a scale which consisted of 22 items within 3 dimensions,i.e.counseling process,attitude,and communication skill,was developed.The scoring standards of the scale were also developed.To evaluate the IntraClass Coefficients (ICC) of the CSRSPAH,each of the tape records of 37 callings from 2005 to 2007 were assessed by 7 supervisors independently,using the scale.And the tape records of other 318 callings from 2013 to 2014 were also assessed by supervisors,using the CSRSPAH.The results of the 318 assessed callings were used to test the construct validities with the Confirmative Factor Analysis.The Cronbach a coefficients of the total score and three dimensions,the discriminant indices of every items,and correlations of each items and each dimensions were calculated,based on the 318 assessed callings.Results:One of the items (referral) was deleted due to excessive amount of missing data.Results of cortfirmative factor analysis of the remained 21-item scale revealed that the 3-factor construct structure of the scale was robust.The fitting indices of the confirm factor analysis were,x2/df=675.21/186,CFI =0.92,NNFI =0.91,RMSEA =0.10,SRMR =0.08.The Cronbach α coefficients of the total score,scores of counseling process,attitude,and communication skill,were 0.89,0.68,0.81 and 0.77,respectively.The ICCs of the inter-rater reliabilities of the total score and 3 dimensions of the scale were 0.67,0.59,0.59,and 0.67,respectively.The discriminant indices of all the 21 items ranged from 0.09 to 0.32.The correlation coefficients of scores of each items and scores of 3 dimensions and total scores were greater than 0.30,and reached statistical significance.Conclusion:The validities and reliabilities of the Counseling Skills Rating Scale for Psychological Aids Hotline are acceptable.The scale could be used in assessing the quality of hotline counseling or intervention,and related studies in the future.

Objective:To understand the characteristics of the callers with the diagnosis of mental disorders called Beijing Psychological Crisis Hotline for help,in order to provide specific psychological intervention services for them in future.Methods:From December 2002 to December 2008,24217 different callers'data collected from a computer-based operating system of the Beijing Psychological Crisis Hotline were analyzed.According to their self-reported of having the diagnoses of mental disorder or not,the callers were divided into the ones with diagnosis (n=6516)and the ones without diagnosis (n =17701).The callers'demographic characteristics,their main counseling problems and the suicide-related factors in the two groups were compared.Results:The top five main counseling problems in the group with diagnosis were mental problems,the mental illness related knowledge,the problems of family relationships,working problems and interpersonal problems.Mental problem ranked first in both groups.Compared to the group without diagnosis,the diagnosed ones were more likely to be found in such group of people as women,aged between 20 -29 and 30 -44,having 10 or more years of education and the unem-ployed.The results of the assessments of 11 suicide-related risk factors showed that callers with diagnoses had higher prevalence of most suicide-related factors than those in the other group(P <0.001 or 0.05),which included suicidal intention and behavior while calling,history of attempted suicide,severe depressive symptoms,severe physi-cal illness,history of being abused,afraid of being attacked,suicidal history of relatives or associates,severe of hopeless.Conclusion:The hotline counselors should be aware of the necessity of assessing the severity of depres-sion and other suicide-related factors for the callers with mental disorder diagnoses before providing any psychologi-cal intervention.Moreover,except for providing interventions on the callers'psychiatric problems,the hotline coun-selors should also identify and help to deal with the stress events in their lives.