Objective To explore the distribution of age,reasons for treatment,risk factors,and causes of vulvovaginitis in prepubertal girls.Methods A total of 4 214 prepubertal girls with vulvovaginitis who were admitted to the Girl's Sub-department,Zhongshan Boai Hospital from January 2010 to June 2013 was reviewed retrospectively.All clinical data were from medical records with files.Results Atotalof1 587 patients (37.7％) was0to1 years old,954 (22.6％) ＞ 1 to3 years old,1 289 (30.6％) ＞ 3 to 7 years old,and 384 (9.1％) ＞ 7 years old.Many risk factors were associated with vaginitis,including poor hygiene (2 924 girls; 69.4％),allergies and exposure to allergens (875 girls; 20.8％).Most common reason for treatment was a referral from physical examination accounting for 919 girls (21.8％),followed by vaginal secretions 812 girls (19.3％).The causes of vulvovaginitis of all patients were evaluated,1 771 of which (42.0％) were nonspecific vulvovaginitis,1 309 (31.1％) labial adhesions,375 (8.9％) bacterial vulvovaginitis,266 (6.3％) allergic vulvovaginitis,and 266 (6.3％) affective leg rubbing action.Conclusions Prepubertal vulvovaginitis occurred mainly in infancy and preschool.Floating population was common.They were caused by many risk factors including poor hygiene,allergies,poor urination habits,etc.The most common causes of vulvovaginitis were nonspecific vulvovaginitis and labia adhesion,yet allergies and affective leg rubbing action were the more common causes of recurrent vulvovaginitis.We propose that focusing on girls' reproductive health,timely treating allergic and crossing rub legs and other diseases would help reduce the prevalence of vulvovaginitis in the prepubertal girls.

Objective To investigate the effects of essential fatty acids(EFA)on the contents of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the brain tissues of rats. Methods A total of 30 neonatal rats, 1 month old, were randomly divided into normal, EFA deficiency and fish oil supplement groups and given different feeding stuff for 3 months respectively. The contents of EPA and DHA in brain tissues were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results As compared with normal group, the contents of EPA and DHA in EFA deficient group were significantly decreased(P

The aim of the study was to investigate the population ecology of medical shellfish and the infection of An-giostrongylus cantonensis in Longhai ,Fujian Province ,China .Aquatic and terrestrial shellfish were collected in survey points according to different types of breeding grounds .Then ,lung-microscopy method was involved in the detection of the lung tis-sue in Ampullaria gigas .Other shellfishes were mashed to detect the third-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis .Hom-ogenization and lung microscopy were compared in the detection of the larvae of A .cantonensis in Achatina snails .Factors re-lated to the environment and influence of shellfish hosts were also included .Results showed that 8 species of molluscans were found ,including Pila gigas ,Bellamya aeruginosa ,Bellamya lithophaga ,Melanoides tuberculata ,Achatina fulica ,Vag-inulus alte ,Philomycus bilineatus ,and Bradybaenasimilaris with 1 673 specimens in 27 survey points from 9 townships .The infectionratewas19.78% inaverage.TheinfectionrateinV.altewas56.63% (47/83);theinfectionratesforA.fulicaand P .gigas were 39 .32% (92/234) and 27 .14% (130/234) ,respectively .The infection rate of each survey point was closely re-lated to the distances from the residents living area .Morever ,A .cantonensis larvae were detected in M .tuberculata .Lung mi-croscopy and homogenization method detection rate was 87 .1%and 100 .0% ,respectively .The difference was statistically sig-nificant .In conclusion ,V .alte ,A . fulica and P .gigas were A . cantonensist infection dominant population . The infection rate was closely related to micro-ecological environment for all kinds of shellfish .M .tuberculata was the new host of A .can-tonensis .Lung microscopy method should not be used in the qualitative screening detection of A . f ulica infected with A .can-tonensist .

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of najanalgesin on glutamate-glial transporter 1(GLT-1) in spinal cord of rats after L5 spinal nerve ligation and transection (SNL), and explore the spinal analgesic mechanism of najanalgesin.

METHODOne hundred male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: sham(A), SNL(B), SNL + najanalgesin(C), SNL + saline (D), SNL + najanalgesin + liposome (E), SNL + najanalgesin + liposome + GLT-1 As-ODNs(F) and treated with intrathecal injections of 10 p.L saline (A and D), 40 ng X kg(-1) najanalgesin (C, E and F), qd, respectively. Besides intrathecal administration of najanalgesin the rats were intrathecally injected with 10 microL of GLT-1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (As-ODNs) (F) and 10 micdroL of liposome(E) once daily on day 3. The L4-L6 segments of the spinal cord were isolated in 1, 4 and 7 d(A,B,C and D), 7 d(E and F) after surgery. The mRNA and protein of GLT-1 were determined.

RESULTThe SNL model has successfully been set up. Compared to sham group, the expression of GLT-1 mRNA and protein level in group B and D both increased firstly and decreased later, the expression of GLT-1 in group C was significantly increased and kept stable, which were also higher when compared to group D in day 7th. Compared to SNL + najanalgesin group, after intrathecal injection of GLT-1 As-ODNs the GLT-1, expression of GLT-1 in F group significantly decreased. While intrathecal administration of liposome had no significant effect on the spinal GLT-1 expression.

CONCLUSIONNajanalgesin could increase the mRNA and protein expression of GLT-1 in spinal cord, which may be one of its spinal mechanisms of analgesia.

Animals ; Elapid Venoms ; pharmacology ; Elapidae ; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Male ; Neuralgia ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Cord ; drug effects ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the abuse tendency of disabled elderly caregivers and analyze its causes.Methods With the convenience sampling method,The main caregivers of 300 disabled elderly people were investigated by the general questionnaire, Activities Daily Living Scale (ADLs) and Caregiver Abuse Screen (CASE) in Guangzhou. Results The degree of disability of the elderly was moderate to severe degree.The average score of the elderly caregiver′s propensity for abuse tendency was(3.3 ± 2.3).178 (59.4 %, 178/300) of the elderly caregivers have abuse tendency (the average score was more than 3). Conclusion Caregivers′ abuse tendency against the elderly is high. The situation of the elderly is not optimistic.