In this paper,modular structure of teaching Organic Chemistry experiment has been studied.Practice has proved that this approach can not only bring the students into main role fully,but also can improve the students’scientific quality,research capacity and innovation spirit.

Objective To explore if grape seed polyphenols (GSP) reverses human breast cancer multidrug resistance. MethodsIn this study,adriamycin-resistant human breast carcinoma cells ( MCF-7/ADR ) and its parental cells (MCF-7) were used to determine the effect of GSP. MTT assay was adopted to evaluate the cytotoxity. Western blot and Northern blot were performed to observe the expression of MDR1 in MCF-7/ADR. Adriamycin accumulation was measured by flow cytometry (FCM). ResultsGSP ( 1.2 mg/L ,2.4 mg/L) inhibited the expression of P-gp to 80.83%( t =5.58,P

A rapid analysis method of piperazine ferulate tablets by optic-fiber sensing technology with UV-vis absorption spectrum was established.Qualitative and quantitative data were obtained and compared by maximum and minimum wavelength,absorbance and contrast spectra.Similarity method was used to identify authenticity of drugs.The difference of contents measured by this method and UV determination method in China Pharmacopoeia showed no statistical significance (P＞0.05),while the similarity can be used as a parameter to identify the authenticity of drugs.

Objective To optimize the soaking treatment method for increasing the germination of Amomum villosum Lour.(AVL) seeds.Methods Nine groups were set up: the control group(without soaking treatment),treatment group 1(soaking AVL seeds with naphthylacetic acid 15 mg/mL for 8 hours),treatment group 2(soaking with gibberellin 100 mg/L for 30 hours) and treatment groups 3~8(soaking with clean water for 8,20,30,40,45 and 50 hours respectively).The sowing amount was 100 grains in each group for each time,and the seeds were planted in the outdoor pot at a planting space of 4cm?4cm.Results Naphthylacetic acid had an obvious inhibition on the germination of AVL seeds and delayed the shooting.Gibberellin promoted the germination and shooting of the seeds.Soaking with clean water for 8 hours had no obvious effect on the seed germination,but soaking for 20~50 hours increased the seed germination to various degrees,in particular soaking for 30~50 hours.Conclusion Soaking with gibberellin or clean water can increase the germination of AVL seeds.This method is simple and practical and economic,and is worth of extensively applying in the sowing and breeding of AVL seeds.

This article studied and analyzed the important status and the function,the main contradiction and stern challenge in basic chemistry experimental teaching in the universities,and put forward some concrete reform measures.

Objective To investigate the influence of application of local anesthesia with lidocaine on bronchial lavage fluid (BLF) pseudomonas aeruginosa culture and drug sensitivity in cases with lung infection .Methods Two hundred and seventy speci-men of BLF were collected from 135 patients with infection of lung .And BLF were collected directly from right-broncho in control group ,and from left-broncho in lidocaine group .The outcome of pseudomonas aeruginosa culture and drug sensitivity were com-pared in the two groups .Results Fourty-two cases were postitive in BLF pseudomonas aeruginosa culture in the control group ,and 40 cases were postitive in lidocaine group .The positive rates were 31 .11% and 29 .63% ,respectively .There were no significance between the two groups (P<0 .001) .Compared with the control group ,the sensitive strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa were obvi-ously less and the drug tolerance strains were much more in lidocaine group for Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin (P<0 .05) .Howev-er ,there were no influence for drugs such as Piperacillin/Tazobactam and Ceftazidime ,etc .Conclusion 2% lidocaine has no influ-ence on the outcome of BLF pseudomonas aeruginosa culture .But it may reduce the drug sensitivity of Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxa-cin in cases with infection of lung .

Objective To construct the plasmid containing short hairpin RNA (shRNA) of GCS in order to suppress the expression of GCS and to reverse the multidrug resistance in drug-resistant breast cancer cells. Methods Two reverse repeated motifs of sequence targeting GCS with 6 bp spacer were designed and synthesized in vitro,then they were inserted into the plasmid pSUPER. The recombinant plasmids were transfected into human breast cancer cells. GCS expression was detected by Western blot and immunocytochemistry. caspase-3 expression and its activity were assessed using Western blot and colorimetry,flow cytometry was performed to analyze the ratio of apoptosis. Results MTT method was used to evaluate the 50% inhibition concentration. Enzyme digestion analysis and DNA sequencing confirmed that the recombinant plasmids were successfully constructed. GCS protein content decreased 80%,82% respectively after transfection with recombinant plasmids. The positive rate of GCS expression reduced to 18.1%,16.7% respectively. caspase-3 expression and its activity were significantly higherand the apoptosis of cells increased dramatically. The drug resistance of breast cancer cells to antineoplastic drugs declined significantly. Conclusion shRNA can suppress GCS expression in human drug-resistant breast cancer cells effectively and restore the sensitivity to several antineoplastic drugs.

ObjectiveTo study the constituents in the twigs and leaves of Rhododendron primulaeflorum.MethodsThe constituents were separated and purified with chromatographic methods.Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods (1D,2D NMR,IR,and HR-ESI-MS) and chemical analyses.Results One new phenylpropanol glycoside,4-hydroxyl-5-methoxyl-phenylpropanol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1),and its aglycone (2) were successfully isolated from the twigs and leaves of R.primulaeflorum.ConclusionCompound 1 is a new phenylpropanol glycoside.Compounds 1 and 2 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Objective: To investigate the living conditions, insurance coverage, and assistance of pneumoconiosis patients diagnosed in Chongqing from May 2006 to May 2018. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in July 2018, and 40 890 pneumoconiosis patients from occupational diseases report management agency were obtained. 34 625 cases meeting the inclusion criteria were investigated, and descriptive statistical analysis was performed on the data. Results: There were 34 625 cases of pneumoconiosis patients alive in Chongqing, and 22730 (65.6%) had participated in work-related injury insurance, 6 308 (18.2%) had participated in basic medical insurance for urban employees which were still effective. 27 056 (78.1%) had participated in cooperative insurance for urban and rural residents which were still effective. 4 393 (12.7%) received assistance for the residents in need in urban and rural areas. 5827 (16.8%) benefited the policy of "Xiangyu Railway". There were 7 961 cases (2.4%) whose work-related injury insurance had expired did not get one-off compensation, and did not receive any assistance. Conclusion Most of the patients with pneumoconiosis in Chongqing obtained protection in terms of work-related injury insurance, medical insurance, civil assistance and poverty alleviation to a certain extent, but the strength of the guarantee is not enough. Patients with pneumoconiosis might suffer from poverty caused by illness. It is recommended to improve the system of work-related injury insurance benefits, establish special funds for pneumoconiosis patients, strengthen health education and health promotion for pneumoconiosis patients, and strengthen the management of pneumoconiosis patients.

Objective To observe the changes of serum and fecal taurine-conjugated bile acid levels and its association with glucose metabolism during the spontaneous development of type 2 diabetes in OLETO rats.Methods Twenty male OLETF rats(4 weeks old)were included and 10 male LETO rats of the same age were used as the normal control group.OLETF rats were fed with high fat diet whereas LETO rats were fed with normal diet.Serum and fecal taurine-conjugated bile acid levels of OLETF rats were tested at different stage of diabetes including baseline, normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes periods, and the association of taurine-conjugated bile acid level with body weight, blood glucose, and glucose-regulating hormones were also investigated.Results Compared with LETO rats, the baseline serum levels of taurine-conjugated bile acid in OLETF rats did not change, but the levels of fecal taurine-conjugated bile acid including taurine-conjugated chenodeoxycholic acid(TCDCA), taurocholic acid(TCA)and taurine-conjugated deoxycholic acid(TDCA)were significantly decreased [(14.25±7.18 vs 0.90±0.31)mg/kg,(7.12±4.14 vs 1.30±0.35)mg/kg,(4.30±1.78 vs 1.02±0.14)mg/kg, all P<0.01].During the development of diabetes, the fecal levels of TCDCA, TCA and TDCA were still lower than those in the control rats.TDCA was negatively associated with the level of fasting blood glucose(r=-0.470, P=0.032),but positively associated with the serum level of glucagon-like peptide(GLP)-l(r=0.406, P=0.044).Conclusion The decrease of intestinal taurine-conjugated bile acid level is involved in the development of diabetes in OLETF rats.Intestinal TDCA may regulate the secretion of GLP-1 by paracrine pathway.