AIM:To observe the expression of phosphorylated cell cycle related proteins cyclin-dependent kinase(CDK) and the retinoblastoma protein(Rb) in the developing and aging rat hippocampus.METHODS:The immunofluorescent staining for anti-phospho-CDK2,anti-phospho-CDC2,anti-phospho-Rb and anti-NeuN antibodies was used to determine their expressions and distributions in Wistar rat hippocampus at different ages.The expressions of phosphorylated cell cycle related proteins were also assessed by Western blotting analysis.RESULTS:(1) The number of neurons of CA1 area in hippocampus decreased during the period from 1 day to 15 months.(2) The positive expressions of phospho-CDK2 and phospho-Rb increased with aging.(3) No apparent change in the expression of phospho-CDC2 in the hippocampus of all the five groups was observed.CONCLUSION:The expressions of phospho-CDK2 and phospho-Rb suggest that differentiated neuron can re-enter the cell cycle and more neurons enter the cell cycle in the aged rat brain.Re-entering the cell cycle of differential neurons probably results in apoptosis.

Objective To explore the rule of the Nrf2-ARE in renal interstitial fibrosis and the mechanism of butylphthalide on renal protective effect.Methods Seventy-two male CD-1 mice were divided into 4 groups,Sham group,UUO group,NBP group,ACEI group.The Sham group and UUO group were gavaged with physiological saline.The NBP group was gavaged with butylphthalide.The ACEI group was gavaged with benazepril.After 3,7,14 days,6 mice were executed and collection of kidney tissue.The expression of Nrf2,γ-GCS and type Ⅰ collagen were detected by immunohistochemisty,RT-PCR and Western blot.The correlation of Nrf2 and γ-GCS was assessmented by linear regression.Results The expression of type Ⅰ collagen in UUO group was increased compared with the Sham group,However,the expression of Type Ⅰ collagen in NBP group or ACEI group were reduced compared with the UUO group.Compared with Sham group,the expression of Nrf2mRNA,γ-GCSmRNA and type Ⅰ collagen mRNA in uuogroup were increased in 3,7,14 days after surgery.Compared with UUO group at 7th,14u day,the lelve of Nrf2 mRNA were apparently increased in NBP group (P＜0.05).It was a positive correlation between the Nrf2 and γ-GCS and negative correlation between the γ-GCS and Type Ⅰ collagen.Conclusion The renal protective effect of butylphthalide in the renal interstitial fibrosis was more predominant than benazepril.The roles maybe occurred through increased the expression of Nrf2 and γ-GCS and alleviated the expression of Type Ⅰ collagen in nephridial tissue.

Objective To explore the impact of different doses of butylphthalide on renal interstitial fibrosis in mice with obstructive nephropathy, and to discuss the correlation between Nrf-2 expression level and renal interstitial fibrosis. Methods Totally 72 male CD-1 mice of clean grade were selected and randomly assigned into 4 groups:sham operation group (Sham), model group (UUO), low dose of butylphthalide group (NBPL) and high dose of butylphthalide group (NBPH). In addition to the control group, UUO model was established in other three groups. NBPL group was given NBP 150 mg/(kg· d) by gavage since postoperative day 1,NBPH group was given NBP 220 mg/(kg·d) by gavage. Sham group and UUO group were given equal volume of saline by gavage. Six mice were sacrificed at the third, 7th, 14th day, respectively. The obstructive renal tissue was selected for immunohistochemical staining and Western blot assay. The expression levels of Nrf- 2 and type Ⅰ collagen were detected by Western blot assay. Results The IOD value of type Ⅰ collagen was increased with time in UUO group, and which showed a gradual decreasing trend in Sham group, NBPL group and NBPH group (P<0.05). The IOD values at different time points were significantly higher in UUO group, NBPL group and NBPH group compared to those of Sham group. The IOD values were significantly decreased in NBPL and NBPH groups than that of UUO group, and IOD value was lower in NBPH group than that of NBPL group (P<0.05). Western blot assay showed that IOD values of Nrf-2 and type Ⅰ collagen at 7 d and 14 d were increased in UUO group, NBPL group and NBPH group compared with those of Sham group. The IOD values of Nrf-2 protein were increased, and IOD values of type Ⅰcollagen were decreased, in NBPL group and NBPH group than those of UUO group. The IOD value of Nrf-2 protein was decreased in NBPL group than that of NBPH group, but the IOD value of type Ⅰcollagen was increased in NBPL group than that of NBPH group (P<0.05). Conclusion NBP can improve renal interstitial fibrosis in UUO mice, which may be related with the increased expression of Nrf-2 and the down-regulated expression of type I collagen.