OBJECTIVE In order to supply the basis of reasonable use of antibiotics,investigation of the change in distribution and drug-resistance of isolated enterococci was made in our hospital.METHODS Enterococci were cultured,isolated and identified with ATB Expression microbe identification system.Drug-resistance was detected with ATB ENTEROC and was statistically analyzed.RESULTS A total of 1 354 strains of enterococci were isolated from 50 148 clinical specimens,the isolation rate was 2.7%.The main strain of enterococci was Enterococcus faecalis.E.faecium was the second one.The isolation rate of enterococci,which were the highest in urine specimens,was increasing in sputum specimens year by year.The drug-resistance rate of enterococci to erythromycin,rifampin,ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin was high,but it was still sensitive to vancomycin and teicoplanin.CONCLUSIONS Great changes have taken place in bacterial distribution and drug-resistance of isolated enterococci,and the drug-resistance of strains of enterococci differed greatly.To insure effective treatment and decrease the infection of enterococci in hospital,the antibiotics sensitive to enterococci should been used on the basis of drug-resistance test when the infection of enterococci was treated clinically.

OBJECTIVE To study the disinfectant resistance of multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli strains isolated clinically,and to find out the efficacy of disinfectants commonly used in killing multi-drug resistant E.coli strains.METHODS Minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) and suspension quantitative germicidal test were used.Compared with standard strains,strains of multi-drug resistant E.coli isolated clinically were determined the resistance to four kinds of disinfectants including benzalkonium bromide etc.RESULTS A higher MIC of benzalkonium bromide compared with standard strains was observed in 61.9% of all 21 multi-drug resistant E.coli strains,and as for povidone iodine and NaClO,the ratio was 71.4% and 14.3%,respectively.All multi-drug resistant E.coli strains had the same MICs of peroxyacetic acid with standard strains.The above-mentioned 4 disinfectants commonly used at the routine concentrations killed 100% of the resistant strains of E.coli within 5 minutes.CONCLUSIONS The resistance to benzalkonium bromide and povidone iodine of multi-drug resistant E.coli isolated clinically is higher than standard strains;and 4 kinds of disinfectants commonly used are effective for multi-drug resistant E.coli strains isolated clinically.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the changes in serum HBV-DNA level in HBsAg positive patients before and after operation and their infectious risk in hospital.METHODS HBV markers(HBV-M) in serum was detected in 58 HBsAg positive patients by time-resolved fluoroimmunometric assay before operation.HBV-DNA level in serum of them before operation and at 3rd,and 7th day after operation was detected by real time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction.We also detected HBV-DNA in gastric drainage juice and abdominal drainage after operation.RESULTS HBV-DNA was detected in 27 of 58 HBsAg positive patients' serum,the positive rate was 46.1%.After operation,serum HBV-DNA was increased remarkably at 3rd and 7th day compared with before operation in these patients respectively(P

OBJECTIVE To study the mechanism of drug-resistance of multi-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and provide the guideline for treatment and control of P.aeruginosa infection in hospital.METHODS Fifty strains of multi-resistant P.aeruginosa were selected with K-B susceptibility method.The three-dimensional method was taken to differentiate the various beta-lactamases.The relative drug-resistance gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).RESULTS Among 50 strains of multi-resistant P.aeruginosa,there were 2 strains(4%)producing ESBLs,20 strains(40%)producing AmpC beta-lactamases,and 11 strains(22%) producing ESBLs and AmpC beta-lactamases at the same time.There were 8 positive genes in the detected drug-resistance gene,the most common sources of gene were CTX(56%),OprD(60%) and aac(6′)-Ⅱ(60%),respectively.CONCLUSIONS The main beta-lactamases are AmpC beta-lactamases and the main genotype is CTX in the multi-resistant P.aeruginosa cultured in our area.The main course of imipenem-resistance was deletion of outer membrane proteins,and the aminoglycoside modifying enzyme gene and disinfectant-resistance gene in multi-resistant P.aeruginosa are acquired.In order to reduce the drug-resistance strains and control the infection of P.aeruginosa,antibiotics should be used reasonably according to drug susceptibility testing clinically.

Objective:To provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of pneumoconiosis and the formulation of relevant policies, this paper discusses the loss of health life and economic loss caused by coal worker's pneumoconiosis in a mining group.Methods:From March to October 2017, 1262 cases of coal worker's pneumoconiosis were diagnosed in a mining group from 1972 to 2013. The direct and indirect economic losses are calculated by the step-by-step model method. Direct economic losses include medical expenses, one-time disability allowance, disability allowance, funeral allowance, one-time work death allowance, living and nursing expenses, food allowance, pension for supporting relatives and transportation expenses, etc. Indirect economic losses includes loss of social productivity, additional training fee for new employees, transportation fee for accompanying family members, loss of social productivity of accompanying family members, loss of production suspension and production reduction, etc. Life table method was used to calculate the loss of social productivity caused by coal worker's pneumoconiosis.Results:All 1262 coal worker's pneumoconiosis patients were male. In the stage of pneumoconiosis, 95.40% (1204/1262) of the first stage of pneumoconiosis and 42.62% (538/1262) of the seventh stage of disability. The age of diagnosis (22.02-71.33) was 47.38 years on average. 1262 coal worker's pneumoconiosis patients caused a total of 9068.54 years of health life loss, of which YLD accounted for 93.56% (8484.69/9068.54) . The loss of YLD (0.06-33.30) years in 1262 coal worker's pneumoconiosis patients was 6.70 years per capita. The total economic loss of 1262 coal workers with pneumoconiosis was 2842185447.70 yuan, with a per capita of 2252127.93 yuan. The direct economic loss accounted for 81.59% (2318990168.46/2842185447.70) , which was 4.42 times of the indirect economic loss. Among the direct economic loss per capita, medical expenses accounted for a large proportion of 50.04% (919510.84/1837551.64) . The per capita indirect economic loss is 414576.29 yuan. The loss of social productivity accounted for 56.18% (232908.95/414576.29) .Conclusion:Coal worker's pneumoconiosis causes heavy economic burden and serious loss of social productivity.

Objective To explore the correlation between serum thymosin α1 level and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)in patients with acute anterior wall ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)after receiving percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods A total of 74 patients with acute anterior wall STEMI(acute anterior wall STEMI group)and 38 patients having no myocardial infarction(control group),who were admitted to the Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital of China from December 2019 to February 2022,were enrolled in this study.According to the LVEF value after the recanalization of anterior descending coronary artery with PCI during hospitalization period,the patients of acute anterior wall STEMI group were divided into LVEF＜50％subgroup(n=33)and LVEF≥50％subgroup(n=41).Serum thymosin α1 level was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),the results were compared between the groups.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between thymosin α1 level and LVEF.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve of serum thymosin α1 level for predicting cardiac function in patients with acute anterior wall STEMI after receiving PCI was drawn.Results The serum thymosin α1 level in LVEF≥50％subgroup was significantly higher than that in the LVEF＜50％subgroup(P=0.032).During the post-PCI hospitalization period,the serum thymosin α1 level was positively correlated with LVEF.Logistic regression analysis revealed that serum thymosin α1 level was an independent predictor for LVEF＜50％in patients with acute anterior wall STEMI after receiving PCI.The area under ROC of serum thymosin α1 level for predicting LVEF≥50％in patients with acute anterior wall STEMI during hospitalization was 0.644(P=0.034).The area under ROC of serum thymosin α1 level combined with peak troponin I level and with peak NT-proBNP level for predicting LVEF＜50％in patients with acute anterior wall STEMI during hospitalization was 0.780(P＜0.01)and 0.702(P=0.003)respectively.When taking the median serum thymosin α1 level as the cut-off value,the proportion of LVEF≥50％patients was higher among the patients having the post-PCI serum thymosin α1 level＞2,890 ng/L.Conclusion In patients with acute anterior wall STEMI,the serum thymosin α1 level is closely related to the LVEF value during the post-PCI hospitalization period,it is an independent predictor for cardiac function improvement after PCI.It is expected that the serum thymosin α1 level may become a new indicator for predicting the improvement of cardiac function in patients with STEMI after recanalization of anterior descending coronary artery with PCI.

Objective:To provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of pneumoconiosis and the formulation of relevant policies, this paper discusses the loss of health life and economic loss caused by coal worker's pneumoconiosis in a mining group.Methods:From March to October 2017, 1262 cases of coal worker's pneumoconiosis were diagnosed in a mining group from 1972 to 2013. The direct and indirect economic losses are calculated by the step-by-step model method. Direct economic losses include medical expenses, one-time disability allowance, disability allowance, funeral allowance, one-time work death allowance, living and nursing expenses, food allowance, pension for supporting relatives and transportation expenses, etc. Indirect economic losses includes loss of social productivity, additional training fee for new employees, transportation fee for accompanying family members, loss of social productivity of accompanying family members, loss of production suspension and production reduction, etc. Life table method was used to calculate the loss of social productivity caused by coal worker's pneumoconiosis.Results:All 1262 coal worker's pneumoconiosis patients were male. In the stage of pneumoconiosis, 95.40% (1204/1262) of the first stage of pneumoconiosis and 42.62% (538/1262) of the seventh stage of disability. The age of diagnosis (22.02-71.33) was 47.38 years on average. 1262 coal worker's pneumoconiosis patients caused a total of 9068.54 years of health life loss, of which YLD accounted for 93.56% (8484.69/9068.54) . The loss of YLD (0.06-33.30) years in 1262 coal worker's pneumoconiosis patients was 6.70 years per capita. The total economic loss of 1262 coal workers with pneumoconiosis was 2842185447.70 yuan, with a per capita of 2252127.93 yuan. The direct economic loss accounted for 81.59% (2318990168.46/2842185447.70) , which was 4.42 times of the indirect economic loss. Among the direct economic loss per capita, medical expenses accounted for a large proportion of 50.04% (919510.84/1837551.64) . The per capita indirect economic loss is 414576.29 yuan. The loss of social productivity accounted for 56.18% (232908.95/414576.29) .Conclusion:Coal worker's pneumoconiosis causes heavy economic burden and serious loss of social productivity.

Osseointegration plays an important role in the functions and aesthetics of dental implant. This paper focus on the hormones closely related to the bone metabolism, including glucocorticoid, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, melatonin, and oestrogen, and reviews the influence of hormones on the osseointegration.