As the development of functional and molecular imaging,PET/CT gradually becomes one of methods in optimizing cancer radiotherapy treatment planning.Currently,numerous hospitals routinely use 18F-FDG PET/CT for the delineation of target volume in esophageal carcinoma (EC).However,the validity of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the delineation of target volume for EC is limited and needs further clinical validation.This review focuses on the value and validity of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the delineation of gross tumor target volume of EC primary lesions and regional lymph nodes.

Objective: To seek a treatment that can improve the effect on dysphagia following post-stroke pseudobulbar palsy. Methods: Sixty patients were randomly allocated into observation and control groups, 30 cases each. The observation group was treated with Western drugs plus acupuncture at Tiantu (CV 22) and other three acupoints around Lianquan (CV 23) and the control group with simple Western drugs. Results: The effective rate was 86.7% in the observation group and 30.0% in the control group. Conclusion: Acupuncture can improve the curative effect of Western drugs on dysphagia following post-stroke pseudobulbar palsy.

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this survey was to obtain some information of the prevalence of dental caries in the youth aged 12, 15 and 18 years of Sichuan province.

METHODSBased on WHO and national oral health survey standards, dental caries prevalence and treatment needs were investigated randomly in selected young individuals of Sichuan province in 1995.

RESULTSThe prevalent rates of caries of 12-, 15-, and 18-year-old adolescents were 28.47% and 36.40% and 39.54% respectively. The mean DMFT of 12-, 15- and 18-year-old were 0.52, 0.81, and 0.99. There are more pit and fissure caries than smooth caries in the young of 12-year-old than those of 15- and 18-year-old.

CONCLUSIONDespite improvement can be seen in adolescents' oral health in Sichuan, there remains a proportion of active untreated decays. Some simple prevention programs are needed to stabilize the caries.

Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; DMF Index ; Dental Caries ; epidemiology ; Dental Health Surveys ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence ; Sampling Studies ; Sex Factors

BACKGROUND:The effects of engineered bone scaffold containing seeding cels with different shapes to repair bone defect are varied, while the loaded cellquantity is the important factor influencing the curative effect, but which is rarely reported. OBJECTIVE:By preparing self-made corrugated tissue-engineered bone scaffold and other three forms of bone tissue engineering scaffolds, to study the quantity of loaded cels on different scaffolds and osteogenesis of corrugated tissue-engineered bone scaffold so as to discuss the advantages and features of self-made corrugated tissue-engineered bone scaffold. METHODS: (1) Experimentin vitro: There were four kinds of scaffolds with the same volume and samples: calcium phosphate cement (CPC) corrugated surface scaffold group, smooth surface scaffold group, cylindrical scaffold group and porous cylindrical scaffold with holow tubes group, in which the latter three groups are control ones. A certain volume with same density of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels (BMSCs) suspension after osteogenesis induction was seeded onto the scaffolds. After incubation, culture, digestion and colection, cellquantity was counted, absorbance value was finaly detected and cellactivity was proofed by alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining. (2) Experimentin vivo: New Zealand rabbits were randomly and equaly divided into recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2)/CPC/BMSCs corrugated scaffold group, pure CPC corrugated scaffold group and cancelous bone implant group. Three kinds of scaffold implants with the same volume were inserted into the area between rabbit’s L5, 6 transverse processes bilateraly. At 4, 8, 12 weeks postoperatively, gross and histological observation was performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Experimentin vitro: The drip of cellsuspension steadily stayed on the surface of corrugated scaffold because of corrugated shape groove and the surface tension of the liquid. The amount of cels per sample digested down from the CPC corrugated surface scaffold was significantly more than that from the other three groups (P < 0.05), while the absorbance values did not differ (P > 0.05). (2) Experimentin vivo: At each time point the osteogenesis quantity of rhBMP-2/CPC/BMSCs corrugated scaffold group was more than that of the pure CPC corrugated scaffold group (P < 0.05), while there was no difference from the cancelous bone implant group (P > 0.05). These findings indicate that the characteristics of the self-made corrugated engineered bone scaffold are beneficial to seed cellloading, which supports a large number of osteogenesis and provides feasibility to promote the healing of segmental bone defects.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of epileptic children at early stage,and to explore the high risk factors for children′s refractory epilepsy(RE)in order to provide evidence for the early and timely treatment of RE.Methods A total of 147 epileptic patients with correct diagnosis and reasonable treatment were enrolled.Forty-nine patients were classified as drug non-responsive epilepsy(DNR-EP group).The remaining 98 patients were classified as drug-responsive epilepsy(DR-EP group).With multiple conditional Logistic regression,the clinical characte-ristics between the 2 groups were compared to identify the early predictors for RE.Results Single factor Logistic regression analysis showed that the initial age of onset <1 year,more than 20 seizures before treatment in a week,focal seizures,more than 2 kinds of epileptic seizures,changes in seizure type in the course of disease,neurological impairment,early intellectual disability,abnormal cranial magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),fixed focal abnormalities on video electroencephalogram(VEEG) after seizure-free interval,diffused anomaly of non-epileptic wave in VEEG before treatment,poor response to initial antiepileptic drugs(AEDs) therapy,compliance with the characteristics of epileptic encephalopathy at early stage significantly increased in DNR-EP group.Then multivariate conditional Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that more than 20 seizures before treatment in a week(OR=2.679,P=0.043),more than 2 kinds of epileptic seizures(OR=4.364,P=0.013),fixed focal abnormalities on VEEG after seizure-free interval(OR=3.898,P=0.008),poor response to initial AEDs therapy(OR=2.611,P=0.036),and compliance with the characteristics of epileptic encephalopathy at early stage(OR=6.022,P=0.002) were the risk factors for developing into RE.Conclusions Children are likely to develop into RE if they have more than 20 seizures before treatment in a week,with more than 2 kinds of epileptic seizures,fixed focal abnormalities on VEEG after seizure-free intervals,poor response to initial AEDs therapy,and compliance with the characteristics of epileptic encephalopathy at early stage.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the chemical constituents of the roots of Periploca forrestii and evaluate their cytotoxicity activities.

METHODSilica gel column chromatography was employed for the isolation and purification of chemical constituents. The structures were identified on the basis of spectral data and the cytotoxicities of compounds 2-4 were investigated by several tumors cell lines including blood tumor (HL-60, CCRT-CEM), prostate tumor (PC-3, DU-145) and Melanoma (UACC-62).

RESULTFour compounds were isolated and identified as follows, lupeol-20(29)-en-3-nonadecanoate (1), peroiforoside I (2), 3beta,5beta,14beta-3OH-8beta-H-car-20(22)-enolide (3), perplocin (4).

CONCLUSIONCompound 1 is a new lupane triterpene fatty acid ester. Compounds 2-4 showed notable cytotoxicity against all tumor lines.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Molecular Structure ; Periploca ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology