Objective To analyse the stress distribution of distal-extension removable partial dentures supported by mini implants. Methods The finite element analysis models of conventional removable partial dentures ( CRPD) and mini implants supported removable partial dentures (ISRPD) were established by modular denture model. The stress distribution of abutments and supporting tissues was compared by finite element analysis software Abaqus 6.5.Results Under vertical loading, the stress of abutment teeth, mucosa of edentulous region and alveolar bone of ISRPD model was lower than that of CRPD model. Under oblique loading, the stress of each part of CRPD model and alveolar bone of ISRPD model significantly increased, while that of abutment teeth and parodontium of ISPRD model decreased. Conclusion The distal-extension removable partial dentures supported by mini implants work well in protecting the abutments and supporting tissues.

Objective To analyse the stress distribution of precision attachment dentures used in distal-extension edentulous cases. Methods The finite element models of conventional removable partial dentures and precision attachment dentures were established by modular denture model, and the models of precision attachment dentures were established with 4┬4 as one abutment or 43┬34 as two abutments. The stress distribution of abutments and supporting tissues was compared by finite element analysis software Abaqus 6.5.Results Under vertical loading or oblique loading, the stress of abutments and supporting tissues from attachment dentures with two abutments was significantly lower than that from attachment dentures with one abutment. The stress of conventional removable partial dentures significantly increased under oblique loading. Conclusion It is reasonable for the design of attachment dentures with two abutments for mandibular distal-extension edentulous cases.

Objective To compare the application of ambulatory urodynamic(AUM)and conventional urodynamic(CUD)in detecting stress urinary incontinence(SUI)and detrusor overactivity(DO)in females.Methods Incontinence questionnaire short form(ICI-Q-SF),CUD and AUM were administrated on 30 female patients with the mean age of 49.4(32-63)years.The duration of symptom was 4.7 (1-9)years.The patients were divided into 3 groups of mild(n =9),moderate(n =15)and severe (n =6)according to ICI-Q-SF.Three micturition cycles were recorded during AUM.Results SUI and DO detected by AUM were 90％ and 37％,significantly more than those by CUD of 70％ and 10％(P ＜0.05).Twenty-one moderate and severe SUI patients diagnosed by ICI-Q-SF,detected by AUM and CUD simultaneously showed that abdominal leak point pressure(ALPP)and voided volume were lower,and detrusor pressure was higher recorded by AUM than those by CUD significantly(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions SUI and DO are easier detected by AUM than by CUD.AUM is a useful additional tool in clinical practice for those patients CUD failed to explain their symptoms.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Guishen Pill (GSP) on expression levels of Oct-4, MVH, and Egr-1 in mice with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR).

METHODSTotally 40 female C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 4 groups, the normal control group, the model group, the GSP group, and the dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) group, 10 in each group. Pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) were sequentially administrated to produce superovulation. The DOR model was established by exposing to ozone inhalation. Mice in the GSP group were intragastrically administered with GSP at 0.3 mL. Those in the DHEA group were intragastrically administered with DHEA at 0.3 mL. Equal volume of normal saline was intragastrically administered to mice in the normal control group and the model group. All mice wer treated for 21 days. Serum levels of estrogen (E2), progestogen (P), and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) were measured by ELISA. Changes of Oct-4, anti-AMH, and early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1) mRNA in ovaries were dtected by Real-time PCR.

RESULTSCompared with the model group, serum levels of E2, P, and AMH, as well as contents of estrogen receptor (ER), progestogen receptor (PR), MVH, and Oct-4 mRNA significantly increased in the GSP group and the DHEA group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONGSP could improve expression levels of Oct-4, MVH, and Egr-1 mRNA in DOR mice and their ovarian function.

Animals ; Anti-Mullerian Hormone ; metabolism ; Dehydroepiandrosterone ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Early Growth Response Protein 1 ; metabolism ; Estrogens ; Female ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3 ; metabolism ; Ovarian Reserve ; Ovary ; Pregnancy ; Receptors, Estrogen ; metabolism ; Superovulation

Objective To analyze the clinical manifestations of familial acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE)and to improve the recognition of this disease. Methods The clinical data of a 25 - month - old girl with fa-milial and recurrent ANE with evidence of mutation in the RANBP2 gene were collected and analyzed,and the gene examination of their family members was performed. Results A previously healthy girl experienced recurrent ANE epi-sodes at the ages of 8 months,18 months and 25 months,respectively. At each beginning of each episodes the patient presented with lethargy and tremor of limbs following febrile illness of 3 - 4 days,even developed coma and convulsions in the last time. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral and high T2 signal changes in thalamus,cerebellum and hippocampus. Abnormal signals also appeared in the brainstem,claustrum,corpus scallosum and cortex(temporal, parietal and cingulate)also appeared abnormal signals. Spinal MRI showed spinal cord involvement. The girl recovered after her first episode;she could speak but could not walk steadily after the second time;after the third episode,al-though she regained consciousness from coma,she could no longer speak or walk. The patient's sister died of encephali-tis at the age of 18 months. Her paternal uncle had suffered from dysnoesia from meningitis at his 17 months of age. The patient and her grandmother,father,uncle and one of her aunts harbored a mutation(c. 1754C ﹥ T)in RANBP2 gene. Conclusions Familial ANE has typical clinical manifestations and characteristic MRI findings. The patient with recur-rent history,especially with positive family history,should have the mutation in RANBP2 gene detected earlier in order to clarify the diagnosis of ANE.

Objective To explore the expressions and significance of miRNA - 101,enhancer of ZESTE homo-log 2(EZH2)and transforming growth factor(TGF)- β1 in the kidneys with complete uniateral ureteral obstruction (CUUO). Methods Thirty male SD rats,(6 ± 1)weeks old,weighted(150 ± 10)g,were divided into sham group, 7 - day group with CUUO and 14 - day group with CUUO by using random number table method,10 rats in each group. The obstructed kidney samples were collected in 7 and 14 days,respectively,for detecting the expression of miRNA -101 by real time - polymerase chain reaction(RT - PCR)and TGF - β1 and EZH2 protein by Western blot,immuno-histochemistry and hematoxylin - eosin staining. Their correlated expressions were analyzed. Results RT - PCR results showed that the expressions of miRNA - 101 in sham group and 7 - day group with CUUO were(12. 69 ± 1. 60)times and(3. 74 ± 1. 24)times which were higher than those of 14 - day group with CUUO,respectively,there was a signifi-cant difference among these 3 groups(P ﹤ 0. 05). The expressions of TGF - β1 and EZH2 proteins were 1. 14 ± 0. 12, 1. 04 ± 0. 14,0. 76 ± 0. 18 and 1. 04 ± 0. 04,0. 89 ± 0. 03,0. 73 ± 0. 02 in 14 - day group with CUUO,7 - day group with CUUO and sham group,respectively. There was a negative correlation between miRNA - 101 with EZH2( r =- 0. 92,P ﹤ 0. 05),and negative correlation with TGF - β1(r = - 0. 63,P ﹤ 0. 05),and positive correlation between EZH2 and TGF - β1(r = 0. 67,P ﹤ 0. 05);the expressions of miRNA - 101,EZH2 and TGF - β1 were associated with each other in obstruction renal in different time periods. Conclusions With the extension of obstruction time, miRNA - 101 expression decreased,EZH2 and TGF - β1 expression increased,evidently,which indicates that the de-velopment of renal interstitial fibrosis may be affected through regulating EZH2 expression of renal obstruction through miRNA - 101 in the young rats.

Objective To investigate the consistency and stability of two types of pubococcygeal line (PCL) determined by dynamic MRI used in evaluating pelvic organ prolapse (anterior and apical compartments).The first type of PCL was measured from the inferior pubic symphysis to the tip of coccyx (PCLtip) and the second was to the sacrococcygeal joint (PCLjnt).Methods Dynamic MRI changes of 50 female patients who were diagnosed with pelvic organ prolapse by pelvic organ prolapse quantification were retrospective reviewed.Chi-square test was used to compare the staging of each pelvic compartment (anterior,apical) with the two PCLs.The lengths and the degree of the oblique angle of the two PCLs during the rest and straining were compared using a paried t test.Results Agreement of PCLjnt with PCLtip was 96％ (48/50) for anterior compartment and 94％ (47/50) for apical compartment.There was no difference between the two PCLs in staging of each pelvic compartment (anterior,apical)(x2 values were 2.000 and 3.000,P values were 0.368 and 0.223).The length of the PCLtip at rest and straining was (10.1±0.8),(10.2± 0.8) cm respectively and the result was statistical significance (t=-2.339,P=0.023).Twenty patients (40％) in the 50 pelvic organ prolapse patients demonstrated a shortening of the PCLtip,while the rest including 30 patients (60％) was longer.The oblique angle of the PCLtip at rest and straining was 22°±6° and 18°±11° respectively(t=3.490,P=0.001).The length of the PCLjnt at rest and straining were (11.2±0.8) and (11.2± 0.8)cm respectively(t=-1.845,P=0.071).The oblique angle of the PCLjnt at rest and straining were 29°±6° and 26°± 10° (t=2.836,P=0.007),but the degree of PCLjnt's oblique angle had a mild fluctuate compared with the PCLtip.Conclusions PCLjnt and PCLtip have the equal level in staging of anterior and apical pelvic organ prolapse.Meanwhile the oblique angle and the length of PCLjnt illustrated the better the stability.

Objective To assess the left ventricular systolic asynchronicity in chronic ischemic model with real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT-3DE), and to explore the affection of low-dose dobutamine to it. Methods A chronic ischemic model was induced by placing an Ameroid constrictor in the left circumflex(LCX) in swines,then full volume RT-3DE was performed by Philips iE33 with X3-1 probe combining rest and stress(dobutamine stress echocardiography, DSE) every week after LCX constriction.Ten normal pigs before operation served as controls (group A). Examination of all the models post operation were grouped into group B (mild stenosis, LCX stenosis＜50% ), group C (moderate stenosis, LCX stenosis 50%～75%) and group D (severe stenosis, LCX stenosis≥75%) according to the results of coronary angiography. Images were copied to QLAB 5.2 postprocess workstation,and 3DQA software was used to analyze the full volume data sets. The time to the point with minimal systolic volume (Tmsv) in each segment was taken to derive the following indexes of systolic synchrony: the maximum difference of Tmsv (Tmsv-dif) and standard deviation(Tmsv-SD) among various segments and standard index (Tmsv-dif% and Tmsv-SD%), to evaluate left ventricular dyssynchrony. Tmsv3-6 represented the maximum difference of Tmsv between lateral segment and posterior septum (Tmsv3-5: between lateral segment and inferior) in basal level. Results Tmsvl2-Dif%, Tmsv6-Dif%, Tmsv3-6% and Tmsv3-5% under stress condition in group C and D were significantly higher than those at rest;all the data in group D were significantly higher than in group A and B, and in group C higher than group A ( P ＜0.05,0.01 ). Compared with group A,Tmsv6-Dif,Tmsv3-6 and Tmsv3-5 in group B were significantly increased under stress condition,and so did their standardize data under both rest and stress conditions ( P ＜ 0.05, 0. 01 ). Conclusions RT-3DEcombined with DSE could display sensitively the left ventricular asynchrony caused by chronic ischemia,and that will be more significant in lateral wall in LCX stenosis than in normal segments.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the antithrombotic effects and its molecular mechanisms of prazosin combined with anisodamine (Ani).

METHODSIsolated rat tail artery rings model was employed to evaluate the vasodilative effects of drugs, mice tail thrombosis model induced by carrageenan was used to study the antithrombotic effects and its molecular mechanisms of the drug composition.

RESULTSAmong alpha1-adrenoreceptor antagonists, prazosin(Pra) had the greatest relaxation rate, which was (82.6 +/- 8.9)%, and the EC50 value was 0.44 micromol/L. The drug composition of anisodamine and prazosin of different doses could decrease the length of the tail thrombosis from (24.6 +/- 4.6)mm to (6.9 +/- 2.7)mm, and the rate of thrombosis was decreased from 86.6% to 50.0%. The drug composition could prolong the prothrombin time (PT) distinctively, but it had no effect on the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). It also could restrain the decrease of serum levels of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and 6- Keto -PGF1alpha as well as the increase of type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) in the mice.

CONCLUSIONThe drug composition formed by anisodamine and prazosin has good effects of relaxing extremities tiny blood vessels and it can fight against thrombosis, its antithrombotic mechanisms may be related to the influence of the extrinsic coagulation pathway, inhibition of platelet activation functions and the promotion of fibrinolysis function.

Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Prazosin ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Solanaceous Alkaloids ; pharmacology ; Thrombosis ; drug therapy

Objective To measure the angular velocity and perpendicular ground reaction force of the ankle joint under different heights with half-squat jumping in parachute training simulation,providing a reliable experiment basis for the preventing of ankle injury.Methods A total of 18 volunteers participated in this study.The experimental group included 9 male with experience of parachute landing,while the other 9 male without experience of parachute landing were assigned to the control group.Each subject was instructed to jump off a platform with a height of 30 cm and 60 cm and land on a hard surface in a half-squat posture.The dynamic landing process was recorded with a high speed camera and the biomechanical data was collected and analyzed,including perpendicular ground reaction force,angular displacement,velocity and acting time.Results From 30 cm's height,the ankle angular displacement of the control group was significantly larger than the experimental group (25.73°± 8.13° vs 20.05°± 12.27°,P ＜ 0.05).The perpendicular ground reaction force of the control group was significantly smaller than the experimental group (3 372.4±748.6 N vs 5 181.5±1 726.2 N,P ＜ 0.05).The acting time of the control group was significantly longer than the ex perimental group (0.049±0.015 s vs 0.012±0.004 s,P ＜ 0.05).The buffer time of the control group was significantly shorter than the experimental group (1.397±0.746 s vs 1.737±0.451 s,P ＜ 0.05).From 60 cm's height,the ankle angular velocity of the control group was significantly higher than the experimental group (25.45± 15.01 °/s vs 16.51 ±4.18 °/s,P ＜ 0.05).The perpendicular ground reaction force of the control group was significantly smaller than the experimental group (4 616.0±1 124.7 N vs 7 119.5±2 307.4 N,P ＜ 0.05).The acting time of the control group was significantly longer than the experimental group (0.048±0.013 s vs 0.015±0.006 s,P ＜ 0.05).The buffer time of the control group was significantly shorter than the experimental group (0.922±0.347 s vs 1.617±0.547 s,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Jumping from different heights,the experinental group was larger in perpendicular ground reaction force but smaller in the angular velocity and displacement than the control group.There was a shorter acting time and a longer buffer time in the experimental group than the control group.