Child, Preschool ; Epithelioid Cells ; Heart Atria ; pathology ; Heart Neoplasms ; Humans ; Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Neoplasms

Objective To study the construction of tissue engineering fat filler and the survival of fat particles.Methods Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) was derived from inguinal subcutaneous fat of rabbits,mixed with autologus mature fat particles and with or without neuropeptide Y to construct PLGA composite tissue.The complex was subcutaneously transplantef into back sites of the rabbits.Based on the different combination five groups were divided:Group A:PLGA + mature fat particles without NPY;Group B:PLGA + mature fat particles + NPY;Group C:PLGA + complex of SVF with mature fat particles without NPY;Group D:PLGA + complex of SVF with mature fat particles + NPY;Group E:Complex of SVF with mature fat particles + small ball with NPY.Diffenrence of virous constructive ways and fat particle survival was evaluated by general observation,histological staining,fluorescence tracing at two weeks,one month and three month after operation.Results Group D was superior to groups A,B,C and E in survival volume,graft texture and vascularization at one mouth and three mouths.The fat average srvival rate was 57.5±2.5％.Fat cell grew well,and precursor cells proliferated and differentiated actively.Conclusions High quality tissue engineering materials are successfully established with SVF-mature fat particle complex,PLGA and NPY,which could obviously improve fat particle transplantation.

Objective To evaluate if the assay of platelet-associated immunoglobulin G (PAIgG) can improve the sensitivity of monoclonal antibody immobilization of platelet antigens assay (MAIPA) in immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).Methods Anti-GP Ⅱb/Ⅲa and anti-GP Ⅰb/Ⅸ autoantibodies were detected by a modified MAIPA;PAIgG was detected by competitive ELISA.MAIPA and PAIgG were done simultaneously in 190 patients with thrombocytopenia,in which 132 were diagnosed as ITP according to the diagnostic criteria Kappa test was used to analyze the concordance between MAIPA and PAIgG.Results The sensitivities of PAIgG alone or in parallel with MAIPA to ITP were 32.6% and 37.2% higher than MAIPA alone respectively,while their specifieities were 51.7% and 56.9% lower respectively.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value of PAIgG in series with MAIPA were all not superior to MAIPA alone.The kappa values between MAIPA and PAIgG in ITP and non-immune thrombocytopenia were 0.129 and 0.012 respectively,which meant the concordance between them was poor.Conclusion The detection of PAIgG should not be used as screening before MAIPA in distinguishing immune from non-immune thrombocytopenia.

Objective To compare the incorporation method of 3H-TdR and 125Ⅰ-UdR on determining the proliferation effect of lymphocytes. Methods The proliferation effects of lymphocyte and Daudi lymphoma cells were estimated by 3H-TdR and 125Ⅰ-UdR incorporation. Results The incorporating fraction of 3H-TdR and 125Ⅰ-UdR into lymphocyte was 20.95% ± 1.06% and 1.00% ±0.04%,respectively, and the incorporating fraction for the lymphoma cells was 29. 94% ± 4. 10% and 6. 02% ±0. 73% ,respectively. The incorporation fractions of 3H-TdR into lymphocyte and lymphoma cells were much higher than those of 125Ⅰ-UdR, but the incorporating fractions of 3H-TdR or 125Ⅰ-UdR into the lymphoma cells were much higher than those of lymphocytes. Conclusions For lymphocytes, 125Ⅰ-UdR cannot substitute 3H-TdR as a tracer agent. But for lymphoma cells, whether 125Ⅰ-UdR could be replace 3H-TdR or not needs further research.

Objective:To summarize the experience in diagnosis and treatment of primary cardiac tumors in pediatric patients.Methods:Retrospectively analyzing 7 pediatric patients who were suspected as primary cardiac tumors and diagnosed and treated in Department of Heart Center, Children′s Hospital of Dalian Medical University from August 2013 to February 2019.All patients underwent echocardiography and other examinations, so as to confirm the diagnosis and the treatment plan was chosen based on the size and location of the tumor.All patients were followed up after discharge.Results:A total of 7 patients were diagnosed as primary cardiac tumors by echocardiography, among which 5 cases underwent surgical treatment, and 2 cases were diagnosed with tuberous sclerosis without surgery.In children undergoing surgery, 1 patient underwent autologous heart transplantation to remove the tumor, 1 patient had arrhythmia, 1 patient had mitral regurgitation after surgery, and the mitral regurgitation was corrected again.The remaining children had no adverse complications and were discharged successfully.Histologic examination revealed rhabdomyoma in 4 patients, and fibroma in 1 patient.The patients were followed up for 2-66 months after discharge, and no tumor recurrence was observed in the children who performed surgery.There was a trend of spontaneously regress of cardiac tumor in 2 patients without surgery.Conclusions:Echocardiography is the first choice for the diagnosis of primary cardiac tumors in Pediatric patients.Rhabdomyoma is the most prevalent histologic type of primary cardiac tumors, and tuberous sclerosis should be excluded during the diagnosis process.Patients with tuberous sclerosis selected conservative treatment, and surgical treatment was selected for children with obvious symptoms.According to the location and size of lesion, therapy strategies should be chosen and autologous heart transplantation can be adopted to remove the tumor for children with large tumors.Autologous heart transplantation to remove the tumor is a good surgical treatment.

Objective:To investigate the expression of Caveolin-1,GPR30 and Vimentin at tumor tissues of human papillary thyroid carcinoma( PTC) patients and analyze their associations for the possible clinical implication.Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the expression of Caveolin-1, GPR30 and Vimentin in 76 PTC and 44 normal samples.The correlations of Caveolin-1, GPR30 and Vimentin expression with one another, and with several clinicopathological indicators were statistically analyzed.Results:In PTCs,the positive expression rates of Caveolin-1,GPR30 and Vimentin were 9.21%(7/76),80.26%(61/76) and 76.32%(58/76),respectively.Caveolin-1,GPR30 and Vimentin expression had significant correlations with TNM stages(P=0.005,P<0.001,and P<0.001,respectively) and with cervical lymph node metastasis(P≤0.001 for all).Meanwhile,Caveolin-1 ex-pression had a negative correlation with GPR30(rs=-0.528,P<0.001) and Vimentin(rs=-0.572,P<0.001).GPR30 and Vimentin expression were positively correlated ( rs=0.812, P<0.001 ).Caveolin-1 under-expression was accompanied by GPR30 or Vimentin over-expression had stronger correlation with LNM ( P=0.020 for Caveolin-1/GPR30 and P=0.001 Caveolin-1/Vimentin ) than did each alone;concomitant high expression of GPR30 and Vimentin had stronger correlation with LNM( P=0.005 for GPR30/Vimentin) than did each alone.And lower expression of Caveolin-1 accompanied by higher expression of GPR30 and Vimentin was significantly as-sociated with LNM as compared with cases not showing such expressing(P<0.001).Conclusion:These results demonstrated that the evaluation of Caveolin-1 ,GPR30 and Vimentin expression may be play an important role in the development and metastasis of PTC,and their biological function may relate with each other.

As a highly conserved nuclear protein,death domainassociated protein(Daxx)plays an important role in transcriptional control,carcinOgenesis, resistance to virus infection, and so on.Daxx can be localized in promyleocytic leukaemia protein oncogenic domains,nucleoplasm,nucleolus,cytoplasm,and heterochromatin.The subcellular localization of Daxx can be changed by modification or interacting with other proteins. Under cellular stress.Daxx can interact with many kinds of molecules,and thus affect its downstream signaling pathway.The purpose of this review was to discuss Daxx's subcellular localization in different conditions and its translocation between subcellular compartments.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor-4 (FGFR4) in fetal kidneys and pathological kidneys of children in order to show the roles of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and FGFR4 in the development of fetal kidneys and renal diseases.

METHODSThe expression of FGFR4 was detected by immumohistochemistry in the normal fetal kidney at 8 to 34 weeks of gestation age (n=18) and 82 children with renal disease, including 28 cases of primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS), 12 acute glomerulonephritis (AGN), 20 Henoch-Schoenlein purpura nephritis (HSPN), and 22 isolated hematuria (IHU). A correlation analysis between renal pathological scores and FGFR4 expression was performed.

RESULTS1) FGFR4 expression was weakly in renal vesicle and primitive tubules of S-shaped body, irrecognizable in urteric bud and podocytes of C-stage, and negative in mesenchyme and condensing mesenchyme. The immunostaining of FGFR4 was intense in distal tubules and collecting ducts, but was negative in mature glomeruli and proximal tubules. 2) FGFR4 was expressed in all pathological sections of various renal diseases. FGFR4 expression was intense in tubules but weak in glomeruli. It was principally expressed in distal tubules and partially in proximal tubules. The tubules with very strong expressions of FGFR4 presented abnormal structures including dilation and atrophy, especially in proximal tubules. 3) There were no significant differences in the FGFR4 expression in various parts of the kidney among various renal diseases. There were also no significant differences in the FGFR4 expression in renal tubules among the four different pathological types of renal diseases: focal segmental glomerularsclerosis (FSGS), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN), mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN), and minimal change disease (MCD). The FGFR4 expression in podocytes in the MPGN group was noticeably higher than that of the other pathological type group (P < 0.05). 4) The FGFR4 expression in proximal tubules positively correlated with the pathological score of tubules (r=0.463682, P < 0.05) but negatively correlated with the pathological score of glomeruli (r=- 0.0277, P < 0.05). The FGFR4 expression in both distal tubules and podocytes negatively correlated with the pathological score of tubules or glomeruli (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe development of fetal kidneys in the early period could not be regulated by FGF-FGFR4 signal which takes part in the development of renal tubules and collecting duct in the mature period. The FGFR4 expression is related with renal pathology in children with PNS, AGN, HSPN or IHU. A proper increase of FGFR4 expression is beneficial to the recovery of renal tissues but an over-expression relates to a severe renal damage.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Fetus ; chemistry ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kidney ; chemistry ; Kidney Diseases ; metabolism ; Male ; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4 ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of homeobox gene HOXA9 in the bone marrow mononuclear cells of children with acute leukemia (AL) and its clinical significance.

METHODSForty-six children with AL were divided into acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) groups. Fifteen children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura were selected as a control group. The mRNA expression of HOXA9 was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTSHOXA9 expression was detected in 63% of the 52 bone marrow samples from 46 AL children. The positive HOXA9 expression rate in the AML group was significantly higher than in the ALL and control groups (86% vs 35% and 13%; P<0.05). The mRNA expression of HOXA9 in the AML group was significantly higher than in the ALL and control groups (P<0.05). Among the children with AML, those with M5 AML had the highest HOXA9 mRNA level, followed by children with M4 AML and children with M1 and/or M2 AML, but HOXA9 expression was not detected in children with M3 AML. The high-risk subgroup of AML children had relatively high levels of HOXA9 expression. In the children with AML, the initial treatment subgroup had significantly higher positive HOXA9 expression rate and HOXA9 mRNA levels than in the remission subgroup and control group (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences between the latter two groups (P>0.05). The non-remission subgroup had significantly higher HOXA9 expression than the remission subgroup and control group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSHigh expression of HOXA9 is associated with the occurrence of AL, and its expression level is significantly higher in children with AML than in those with ALL. There is a positive correlation between the expression level of HOXA9 and the risk of childhood leukemia, and high expression of HOXA9 suggests poor prognosis. Therefore, HOXA9 can be used as one of the indices in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis prediction of childhood AL.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Genes, Homeobox ; Homeodomain Proteins ; genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis

Objective To analyze the prognostic value of age in patients with early stage breast cancer. Methods The clinical characteristics of 1030 patients with early stage breast cancer (the number of positive axillary lymph nodes was less than 3) were retrospectively reviewed. Of all the patients, 468(stage Ⅰ, n = 227; and stage Ⅱ , n = 241) received breast conserving surgery (BCS) and 562 (stage Ⅰ, n =184; and stage Ⅱ, n= 378) received modified mastectomy. Patients were divided into young-age group (≤35,136 patients), middle-age group (> 35-≤60,738 patients) and old-age group (> 60,156 patients).The number of patients without postoperative radiation therapy after BCS is 16, 60 and 39 in the three groups, respectively. Two-dimensional conventional fractionated radiotherapy was administered. The prognostic value of the tumor size, status of axillary lymph nodes or hormonal receptors, postoperative radiation therapy were analyzed. Results The follow-up rate was 97.86%. Of 795 patients followed up more than 5 years, 110,569 and 116 patients were devided into the three groups, respectively. There were 40, 202 and 87 patients without radiation therapy in the three groups. The 5-year recurrence rates of the three groups were 6. 2%, 8. 7% and 10. 4% (χ2 = 1.14, P= 0.567). The 5-year distant metastasis rates were4.3% , 9.5 % and2. 5% (χ2 = 5.31 , P = 0. 070) . The5 - year survival rates were9l. 2% , 92. 6%and 82. 1% (χ2 = 6. 83, P = 0.033). The young-age group had more tumors smaller than 2. 0 cm (65.4%), less positive axillary lymph nodes (13.2%), poorer differential tumor and less positive hormone acceptors (48.0%). Of patients with tumor larger than 2. 0 cm who had no radiotherapy after BCS, the 5-year survival rates were 94%, 87% and 71% (χ2= 20.69, P= 0.000) in the three groups. The corresponding recurrence rates were 23%, 18% ,7%, (χ2 = 9. 97, P = 0. 007), and distant metastasis rates were23%, 25% and 10% (χ2 =8.51, P=0. 014). Conclusions The age is an important prognostic factor in patients with early stage breast cancer undergoing BCS, but not in those undergoing modified mastectomy.