Objective To evaluate anticoagulation without heparin during continuous venovenous hemofiltration.Methods From January to April of 2005,forty-two critically ill patients by therapy of continuous venovenous hemofiltration(CVVH)were enrolled in our study.Nineteen patients with high risk of bleeding who had received anticoagulation without heparin were as observation group,and the rest of the patients who had received anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin were as control group.In the two groups,the replacement fluid rate was 3 000 mL/h;the therapy time was 12 hours/day;the bicarbonate replacement fluid were infused by the mode of predilution.Results The serum level of urea and creatinine were significantly decreased after treatment in the two groups,but there were no difference in the decrease of solution between the two groups.APTT was significantly extended in control group(P

Objective To obtain the most effective diagnosis method for diabetic muscle infarction by using the evidence based medicine.Methods In March 2006 we attempted to find the guideline,systematic review,random controlled trials,clinical controlled trials and case reports for the diagnosis of diabetic muscle infarction by searching Cochrane Library(Issue 4,2005),Embase(1974—2005),Medline(1966—2005)and CNKI database(1949—2005),then critically appraised the quality of available evidences.Results According to the present evidence,when the the patient was suspected to have diabetic muscle infarction,we should choose the sonography to exclude some common diseases at first;the CT examination of all the patients showed no obvious manifestations;the normal MRI examination of 67 patients showed obvious manifestations;the patients who did the muscle biopsy or needle biopsy did not develop any complications.Conclusion The diagnosis of diabetic muscle infarction should be based on the clinical presentations and MRI outcome,but when the diagnosis is uncertain,we should use the needle biopsy to confirm the diagnosis at an early time.

Objective To explore the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs12953-717) of SMAD7 and susceptibility of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Chinese Han population.Methods A single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs12953717) from SMAD7 was detected via Sequenom system in 528 NSCLC cases and 762 healthy controls.Data was statistically analyzed by unconditional Logistic regression method.Results rs12953717 had significant differences between non-small cell lung cancer patients and the controls.Compared with CC/TT (CC combined with TT) genotype,the adjusted odds ratio for the CT genotype was 4.107 (95％ CI:3.206 ～ 5.260,P =0.000 1).Smokers had a 2.004 odds ratio (95 ％ CI =1.583 ～ 2.537,P =0.000 1) of NSCLC compared with the controls.There was a 10.074-fold increased risk of NSCLC among the subjects with CT genotype and smokers.Conclusion The polymorphism of rs12953717 may have relation with risk of NSCLC.Heterozygote (CT) is a susceptibility genotype of NSCLC.Smoking is one of the risk factors of NSCLC.Smoking and CT genotype have synergistic effects on NSCLC susceptibility.

Child, Preschool ; Cysts ; Diagnostic Errors ; Humans ; Leiomyoma ; diagnosis ; Male ; Nose Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Vestibular Diseases

Objective To analyze the validity of Caprini venous thrombosis risk assessment model (Caprini RAM) in the tunneled cuffed dialysis catheters (TCCs) dysfunction patients with central venous thrombosis (CVT).Methods A total of 187 maintenance hemodialysis patients with TCCs dysfunction admitted to West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2013 to September 2016 were analyzed retrospectively.According to the chest computed tomography venography results,patients were divided into CVT group and non CVT group.Their general clinical data (age,gender,primary diseases,history of dialysis access,etc.),blood biochemical data (hemoglobin,serum albumin,blood lipid,etc.) and 40 risk factors of Caprini RAM were collected.Caprini RAM scores were computed for risk stratification of thrombosis.Two groups were compared to analyze the value of Caprini RAM in these patients by statistics.Results One hundred and twenty CVT patients and sixty-seven non CVT patients were enrolled.In CVT group the duration of dialysis,hemoglobin and hematocrit were higher than those in non CVT group (all P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups in gender,age,primary diseases,duration of catheter dependence,catheter tip position,usage of urokinase (all P ＞ 0.05).The average score of Caprini RAM in CVT group and non CVT group did not show statistical difference (6.23+ 1.81 vs 6.19+ 1.95,P=0.913).All patients were stratified into higher risk level and highest risk level according to Caprini RAM.Higher risk level patients accounted for 18.18％ and highest risk level patients accounted for 81.82％.As patients with inequable Caprini RAM scores,their incidence of CVT did not differ statistically (x2=0.105,P=0.746).CVT incidence rate of higher risk level patients was 61.76％,and of highest risk level patients was 64.70％.Conclusions Caprini RAM verifies that maintenance hemodialysis patients with TCCs dysfunction have high risk of venous thrombosis,but this model fails to distinguish patients between CVT group and non CVT group.Its clinical diagnosis is relatively limited and needs to be further explored.

Organophosphate chemicals are widely used as agricultural pesticides and war reagents, their biodegradation is emphasized on the theoretical and practical aspects. Organophosphate hydrolases play important roles in the biodegradation of organophosphate chemicals. Great advancement was achieved recently in the determination of crystal structure and catalytic mechanisms of the hydrolase. This paper reviewed the research progresses in the enzymology, protein structure, catalytic mechanisms and application of the organophosphate hydrolase, and predicted the future research in this field.

OBJECTIVETo probe into the relation between acute respiratory infection and enterovirus (EV), season, age and sex of children in Beijing area.

METHODSNasopharyngeal secretion samples from 402 inpatient children with acute respiratory infection (ARI) were obtained, and EV RNA was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The distribution of month, age and sex among the children positive for EV were analyzed.

RESULTSSeventy of the 402 cases were positive for EV RNA, the positive rate was 17.4 percent. The EV positive rate was 17.7 percent in children with lower respiratory tract infection, and 15.9 percent in children with upper respiratory tract infection. The EV positive rates were 0-36.1 percent in different months, which was the highest in the May (36.1 percent) and lower in December (4.3 percent). The positive rate of EV was 14.8 percent-21.9 percent in different age groups except for children 12 years of age and older, the positive rate was the lowest in the 4-6 years age group, and the highest in the 7 month-1 year age group. The EV infected boys and girls accounted for 16.2 percent and 19.7 percent of total numbers of boys and girls, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe EV positive rate was higher in children with lower respiratory infection, which suggests that EV may play an important role in ARI of children. The EV positive rate was higher from late spring to autumn. EV infection was common in children under 12 years of age. The rate of EV infection was not significantly different between boys and girls.

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Age Distribution ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Enterovirus ; isolation & purification ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Nasopharynx ; virology ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; etiology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Seasons

Objective To explore the effects of intra-jugular vein dual lumen catheter lock heparin in different concentrations on the coagulation function,hemorrhagic tendency and catheter thrombosis risk in hemodialysis patients,and to investigate the reasonable lock heparin cuncentration. Method Ninety end stage renal disease (ESRD)patients receiving regular hemodialysis were enrolled and randomly assigned into 3 groups(n=30):Group A(pure heparin lock solution,6250 U/m1),GrouP B(medium heparin lock solution,1040 U/ml)and Group C(low hepafin lock solution,625 U/ml).The coagulation indexes were determined in short term.Complications such as bleeding,thrombosis,infection and thrombocytopenia were monitored.Results Prothrombin time(PT),actiwtted partial thromboplastin time(APTT)and thrombin time (TT)were significantly prolonged in Group A(P＜0.01);only APTT was signifieanlly prolonged in Group B:however,no significant changes were observed in Group C.Hemorrhage risk was much higher in Group A than that in Group B and C (26.7%vs 10%and 0.P＜0.05).Catheter thrombosis incidence was significantly higher in Group C than that in Group A and B(23.3%vs 0and 10%,P＜0.05).Only 1 suspected catheter related infection was found in Group C,and 2cases of moderated thrombocytopenia in Group A. Concltrsion Moderate concentration of lock heparin solution has the best balance of hemorrhagic and thrombotic risk,and should be recommended to most of regular hemodialysis patients.

Objective To explore the role of ERK1/2 protein in development of myocardial hypertrophy.Methods Myocardial cells were isolated from ventricles of 1～3-day-old neonate rats and purifed by a culture method.Neonate rat cardiomyocyte hypertrophic responses were assayed by measuring protein content,protein synthesis rate and cell surface area.Expression of protein ERK1/2 were detected by Western blot.Results Cell protein content,~3H-leucine(~3 H-Leu)incorporation and cell surface area increased by treating of cardiomyocytes with T(10~(-10)～10~(-6) mol/L)for 24 h.The maxium effect was observed at the concentration of 10~(-8) mol/L.The increase of cell protein content induced by T was inhibited by pretreating with flutamide(10~(-5) mol/L)for 2 h,while there was no effect on cardiomyocytes pretreating with flutamide alone.The increase of ~3H-Leu incorporation induced by T was blocked by PD98059(50 μmol/L).Expression of ERK1/2 was upregulated significantly by treating with testoster one for 24 h at the level of 10~(-8) mol/L.The increased expression of ERK1/2 induced by T was reversed by pretreating with flutamide(10~(-5) mol/L)for 2 h.Conclusion T with physio-concentration may induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and this effect was possibly mediated through the activation of ERK1/2 signalling.During this procession,T upregulated the protein expression of ERK1/2 mediated by androgen receptor.

Objective: To build up rabbit models of hepatic cirrhosis in through common bile duct partial ligation (CBDPL). Methods: Male New Zealand rabbits were subjected to CBDPL to induce hepatic cirrhosis. The liver biopsies were performed during the surgery and after sacrifice to evaluate hepatic fibrosis. The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) were determined at week 0, 1, 2, 4 and 11 following the occlusion. Results: There were two kinds of morphological and histological manifestations after CBDPL, the one was inconspicuous hepatic fibrosis coexisted with sacculation-like bile ductal dilation and muddy stone; the other is remarkable hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis along with uneven bile ductal dilation. The serum levels of ALT, AST, TBIL and DBIL were significantly higher after one week of operation. The levels of ALT, AST, TP and ALB decreased after two-week of operation, and the levels of TBIL and DBIL were returned to the normal level after two-week of operation. Conclusion: The animal models of hepatic cirrhosis can be built up through CBDPL in rabbits.