Animals ; Fatigue ; enzymology ; Male ; Mammillary Bodies ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I ; genetics ; metabolism ; Physical Exertion ; physiology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Stress, Physiological ; physiology

ObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnosis and surgical management of non-palpable breast cancer (NPBC). MethodsDiagnosis, preoperative localization and surgical management of 26 cases of NPBC were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsAll the 26 lesions were found by ultrasound or mammography.Local-extensive excision was performed under preoperative ultrasound-guided or radio-guided wire localization.Of the 26 lesions, 14 were ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), 9 were DCIS with micro-invasion and 3 were invasive ductal carcinoma.ConclusionsCombination of ultrasound and mammography improves the discovery rate of NPBC.Local-extensive excision under preoperative ultrasound-guided or radio-guided wire localization of NPBC shortens the duration of surgical procedure, avoids excessive resection of breast tissues and maintains the apperance of the breast.

A new teaching method was developed in the curriculum of Harmful Microorganisms Control Technology.It is characterized by students’ self-learning followed by student’s instruction.Both students and teacher have succeeded in this model after four stages of practice,in which a pleasant learning atmosphere was created in the classroom.An effective interaction between teacher and students was achieved.Students are viewed as main objects in the classroom and they are encouraged to ask questions,to formulate their own ideas,or to find things out for themselves.Thus,students’ abilities including presentation,communication,competition,and cooperation were enhanced.By adapting their role to the new teaching method,teachers have also improved their teaching skill and strategies.

The study aimed to clone the open reading frame of cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) from Aquilaria sinensis and analyze the bioinformatics and expression of the gene. One unique sequence containing C4H domain was discovered in our previous reported wound transcriptome dataset of A. sinensis. The open reading frame of C4H was cloned by RT-PCR strategy with the template of mixed RNA extracted from A. sinensis stem which treated by different wound time. The bioinformatic analysis of this gene and its corresponding protein was performed. C4H expression profiles in responds to MeJA (methyl jasmonate) application were analyzed by real-time PCR. The length of C4H open reading frame (ORF) was 1 515 bp, encoding 514 amino acids. The GenBank accession number is KF134783. Inducible-experiments showed that the genes were induced by mechanical wound as well as MeJA induction, and reached the highest expression level at 8 h and 20 h, respectively. The full-length cDNA of C4H and its expression patterns will provide a foundation for further research on its function in the molecular mechanisms of aromatic compounds and flavonoids biosynthesis.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; Oxidoreductases ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Phylogeny ; Plant Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Thymelaeaceae ; chemistry ; enzymology ; genetics ; Trans-Cinnamate 4-Monooxygenase ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore ginseng fermentation process by Lactobacillus plantarum, and to make part of total saponins transformed into more reactive ginsenoside Rd.

METHODMicrobial fermentation was carried out by still dark culture. Total saponins were extracted by Soxhlet extraction, and determined by UV visible spectrophotometry with colours reaction by vanillin-sulfuric acid. Ginsenoside Rd was determined by HPLC method.

RESULTThe fermentation process was: MRS medium, 35 degrees C, pH 5.0, cultured for 2 days. The content of total saponins was inhance 32%, and the content of ginsenoside Rd was increased 4.864 mg x g(-1).

CONCLUSIONThe fermentation system's process was reasonable, and it's suitable for mass production, important significance for ginsenoside microbial transformation.

Biotransformation ; Culture Media ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Ginsenosides ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Lactobacillus plantarum ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Molecular Structure

OBJECTIVESTo examine the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in primary lung carcinoma tissue, and to investigate the relationship between EBV infection and tumorigenesis of lung cancer.

METHODSFormalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded lung tissue specimens from surgically resected lung carcinoma tissues of 108 cases treated in Tanshan area from 2001 to 2006, which were confirmed further by histopathological examination after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, were used to observe the EBV encoded RNA-1 (EBER1) using in situ hybridization (ISH).

RESULTSEBER1 was detected in 36 of the 108 primary lung carcinoma cases, and in 1 of the 22 normal lung tissues. The positive rates of EBV infection in squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, small cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma were 35.9%, 31.6% 31.0%, 1/2, respectively. Gender, age and clinicohistopathological type were not found to have any correlation with EBER1 expression, but EBER1 expression in groups of cases with poorly and moderately differentiated carcinomas was significantly higher than those in the group of cases with well differentiated carcinoma, and the EBER1 expression in the right lung was higher than in the left lung.

CONCLUSIONSThe frequency of EBV infection in this series of patients from Tangshan area was 33.3%, the results suggest that there is a relationship between EBV infection and the occurrence of the primary lung carcinoma, EBV infection might be one of the potential causes to induce lung cancer.

Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; diagnosis ; virology ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; genetics ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; methods ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; virology ; RNA, Viral ; genetics

Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy of modified Xiaoqinglong Decoction with bladder ginger treatment in treating acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) of external cold and internal fluid. Methods Totally 150 cases of AECOPD were divided into Western medicine group, integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine group, and observation group, with 50 cases in each group. Western medicine group received routine treatment, such as controlled oxygen therapy, anti-infection, triple inhalation, relieve spasm and asthma, cough and phlegm, correct water and electrolyte balance. On the basis of routine treatment, integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine group received modified Xiaoqinglong Decoction, one dosage per day, twice a day, orally. On the basis of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine group, observation group received scraping the bladder at the back of the Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang, putting 20–30 g fresh mashed ginger, for 15–20 min. All treatment lasted for 14 d. TCM symptom scores, the main symptoms of remission time and lung function before and after treatment in the three groups were compared. Results The differences in main symptoms scores (cough, expectoration, wheezing, shortness of breath) and total scores of the observation group were higher than Western medicine group and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine group (P<0.05). The main symptoms remission time of the observation group was much shorter than Western medicine group and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine group (P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, the FEV1,FEV1/FVC and MMEF of the three groups after treatment showed an upward trend (P<0.05). The FEV1, FEV1/FVC and MMEF in observation group were significantly higher than Western medicine group and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine group (P<0.05). Conclusion Modified Xiaoqinglong Decoction combined with bladder ginger for the treatment of AECOPD of external cold and internal fluid has definite curative effect, and can significantly improve TCM symptoms and pulmonary function.

ObjectiveTo investigate the quality of life (QOL) of the epilepsy patients and the factors affected the QOL.Methods200 cases were investigated using the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory 10 (QOLEI-10) and the Washington Psychosocial Seizure Investigate (WPSI). 200 healthy persons were chosen as normal control group. ResultsThe QOL of the patient group were significantly poor as compared with that of normal control group(P<0.01). The factors that the patients always faced with were disability in the attack control, short in money, unemployment, restriction of movement, disability in intercommunication, psychological disorder (depress, strain, anxiety, dread, shame feel, cognitional dysfunction, etc.), as well as the difficult to get professional curtains, taking medicine improperly and side effects of the medicine. Conclusions The factors mentioned, which were usually neglected by many doctors, do affect the QOL of epilepsy patients, and hinder the epilepsy treatment effectively.

Objective To investigate the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, the expression of EBV latent membrane protein 1 ( LMP1 ) and oncogene bcl-2 in lung cancer patients. Methods EBER1 in 108 cases of lung cancer were detected with in situ hybridization. EBV positive and negative lung cancer tissues were analysed for the expression of LMP1 and Bcl-2 by immnohistochemistry. The average area (AA)and integral optical density (IA) of each sample was measured with the digital medical image analyzing system. ResultsIn 108 cases of lung cancer, 36 cases were EBER1 positive and 7 cases were LMP1positive. The expression of Bcl-2 was higher in EBV positive lung cancer tissues than that in EBV negative.The AA value was 58014. 23 ±6918.45 and 38156.22 ± 4096. 79, while the IA value was 11. 00 ± 1.48 and 8.03 ±0. 78 respectively. No statistic difference was fund in the expression of Bcl-2 betwen LMP1 positive and negative lung cancer tisssues. ConclusionEBV infection in lung cancer increased the expression of bcl-2, which may play a role in the occurrence or development of lung cancer. The increased expression of Bcl-2 may not be induced by LMP1. The exact mechanism need further study.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of synchronous perfusion of specific respiratory chain complex IV inhibitor sodium azide (NaN3) in brain on rat ventromedial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and acetylcholine (ACh) and choline (Ch) contents in hippocampal extra-cellular fluid, and establish the AD rat model induced by mitochondrial acute injury.

METHODThe synchronous dual-probe dual-channel brain microdialysis sampling technology was applied to synchronously perfuse modified Ringer's solution containing NaN3 (50 micro mol L-1) and neostigmine (2 micro mol L-1) into mPFC and hippocampus of conscious, freely moving normal rats, and continuously collect dialysates from different encephalic areas. Dynamic contents of ACh and Ch were determined by high performance liquid chromatography-post-column immobilized enzyme reactor-electrochemical process.

RESULTACh and Ch contents in mPFC extracellular fluid of normal rats were higher than that in hippocampus. During the process of perfusion, NaN3 could significantly reduce ACh in mPFC/hippocampal extra-cellular fluid, but remarkably increase Ch, and constantly inhibit the recovery of ACh and Ch contents in mPFC/hippocampus.

CONCLUSIONThe synchronous perfusion of NaN3in rat mPFC and hippocampus can injure functions of the cholinergic nerve projection area, and cause the acute AD model with ACh and Ch metabolic disorders. This model can be used in pathogenetic and pharmacological studies.

Acetylcholine ; metabolism ; Animals ; Choline ; metabolism ; Extracellular Fluid ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; cytology ; Male ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; metabolism ; Perfusion ; Prefrontal Cortex ; cytology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium Azide ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Time Factors