OBJECTIVE:To discuss the related measures for the reduction of medical expenses.METHODS:The related data concerning hospital drug revenues before and after the operation of’pharmaceuticals purchase by public bidding’were compared,and reasons for the high undescended hospital drug expenses were analyzed.RESULTS:Although the drug revenues kept increasing year by year,yet the profits gained by hospitals from which decreased year by year,which may resulted from many factors.CONCLUSIONS:The operation of the’pharmaceuticals purchase by public bidding’failed to bring down the high medical expenses.

ObjectiveThe trial was to examining the effectiveness and cost effects of family intervention for rehabilitating chronic outpatients with schizophrenia in the country.Methods90 subjects were randomly assigned to the family intervention group and the control group. Both groups received the same treatments, but the family intervention courses mainly containing mental health education were given to the family intervention group for one year. During the time, all subjects were evaluated with standard rating scales and self made criteria. ResultsThe family intervention group demonstrated clinical results significantly superior to those of the control group on overall improvement according to the scores on the SDSS, the SAPS, the SANS and the MRSS. Substantially, the direct and indirect average cost in the family intervention group was significantly lower than those of the control group. Conclusions Family intervention is effective not only in making the schizophrenics recover from illness but also in both increasing their social functions and reducing their medical cost.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of β₃adrenoceptors (β₃-AR) activation on rat thoracic aorta smooth muscle contractility and the possible related mechanism.

METHODSThe endothelium removed thoracic aorta was pre-contracted with 30 mmol/L KCl physiological saline solution (PSS). Then the tension of the thoracic aorta was recorded in presence of BRL37344 (BRL) to determine the action of β₃-AR. The tension of the thoracic aorta was also recorded in the presence of Propranolol (PRA), SR59230A (SR), L-NNA, H-89 and Iberiotoxin (IBTX) respectively to reveal the underling mechanism of β₃-AR activation on rat vascular smooth muscle. Immunohistochemistry was adopted to confirm the existence and the distribution of β₃-AR in rat thoracic aorta.

RESULTSThe results showed that: (1) The thoracic aorta was relaxed by β₃-AR activation, with a relaxation percentage of (10.59 ± 0.79). (2) β₃-AR was expressed in both endothelial and smooth muscle layer in thoracic aorta sections of rats. (3) PRA did not block the effect of BRL on the thoracic aorta. The relaxation actions of BRL could be antagonized by pre-incubating the thoracic aorta with SR. (4) L-NNA (a NOS inhibitor) and H-89 (a PKA inhibitor) reversed the relaxation effect of BRL on vascular smooth muscle. (5) The effect of BRL was decreased after application of Ibriotoxin (IBTX), a large conductance calcium dependent potassium channel blocker.

CONCLUSIONThe results confirmed that activation of β₃-AR led to relaxation of thoracic aorta smooth muscle. The relaxation action of β₃-AR on smooth muscle of rat thoracic aorta was related to activation of NOS and PKA signaling pathway. Large conductance Ca²⁺-K⁺ channels were involved in the relaxation action of β₃-AR activation on rat thoracic aorta smooth muscle.

Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic ; physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Isoquinolines ; Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels ; physiology ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscle Relaxation ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; physiology ; Nitroarginine ; Peptides ; Propanolamines ; Propranolol ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3 ; physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Sulfonamides

Objective:To investigate the feasibility of dynamic turbidity method for the detection of bacterial endotoxin content in influenza split vaccine. Methods: According to the bacterial endotoxin detection method described in general rule 1143 in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition), the reliability test for standard curves of influenza split vaccine, the interference initial screening test, the interference verification test and the endotoxin content were performed or determined, and the results were compared with those by the gel method for the same batches of vaccine. Results:The results of reliability test for standard curves were accordance with the reg-ulations. In the interference initial screening test, vaccine was diluted by 160 times, 320 times and 640 times, and the recovery was between 50% and 200%, which showed no interference. The results of the interference verification test further proved that vaccine with 640 times dilution had no interference effect on test. The bacterial endotoxin contents of 10 batches of influenza split vaccine deter-mined by the turbidity method were less than the limit value of 20 EU·ml-1 , and the results were the same as those determined by the gel method. Conclusion:It is feasible to detect the content of bacterial endotoxin in influenza split vaccine by the dynamic turbidity method, which is worthy of promoted application.

Objective To define the effect and mechanism of hyperkalemic solution on atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion in rabbits. Methods Eighteen rabbits were selected and the chest was opened under anes-thetization to remove the heart. The left atrium was isolated and fixed in the atrial perfusion system with proper electric stimulation for beating. The following experiments were carried out on beating rabbit atria: ①The atrium was perfused for 60 min to stabilize parameters of ANP secretion and atrial dynamics. The control period (12 min as an experimental cycle) was followed by an infusion of hyperkalemic solution (K+ concentration of hyperkalemic solution was 5.64 mmol/L and the osmolarity of hyperkalemic solution was unchanged) for three cycles, then normal K+ cancentration was recovered for two cycles;②The control period was followed by an infusion of L type Ca2+ channel blocker nifedipine (1.0 μmol/L) for three cycles;③L type Ca2+ channel inhibitor nifedipine (1.0 μmol/L) was infused for 36 rain prior (three cycles) to infusion of hyperkalemic solution. Atrial stroke volume was determined and the ANP secretion was measured by radioimmtmoaasay. Results (1)Hyperkalemic solution increased atrial ANP secretion (P<0.01) and reduced the atrial stroke volume,hut the difference was not statistically significant as compared with that of the control cycle(P>0.05). The recovery trend was to the normal level of ANP secretion and atrial stroke volume was to become normal gradually when solution level recovered to normal ,which was not significantly different from that of the control cycle (P>0.05) ;②Nifedipine (1.0 μmol/L) also increased the atrial ANP secretion (P<0.01 or P <0.05) while decreasing atrial stroke volume (P<0.01 or P < 0.05 ) ; ③Nifodipine (1.0μmol/L) completely blocked the effect of hyperkalemic solution so to increase the ANP secretion (P <0.01 ). Conclusion Hyperkalemic solution significantly increases atrial ANP secretion via extracellular high K+ competitive inhibition of extracellular Ca2+ inflow in beating rabbit atria.

Objective To investigate the thermal effects on tissue structures during microwave endometrial ablation(MEA)and seek a feasible method of endometrial thinning and a fitting mode of applicator radiating microwaves.Methods Operations were performed between the group of thorough uterine curettage and the group of early follicular phase in in vitro or in vivo uterus.The former was treated with MEA after thorough uterine curettage;while the latter was treated with MEA in the early follicular phase directly.The applicator radiating microwaves were moved in "Z" or "Z+W" shape inside uterine cavity.At the same time the serosal temperature was measured in the uterine fundus,tael cornua uteri,the posterior wall and the lower part of anterior wall.After operations the uterine specimens were stained by hematoxylin- eosin,and respiratory enzyme dehydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase(NADH-d) methods.The morphologic changes and the depth of tissue thermal damage were evaluated using an optical microscope and electron microscope.Results(1)Under the optical microscope the endometrial glands became distorted,the cell boundaries disappeared,the nucleoli turned condensed and were stained darker. A large number of acute inflammatory cells appeared in fibrous tissue.In the shallow muscle layer cells were arrayed thickly,nucleoli were solidified and condensed,and cellular plasm were concentrated.The endometrial and the superficial muscle layers were damaged and colorless with NADH-d staining.The scope of the tissue thermal damage was clearly seen.Under an electron microscope,some smooth muscle ceils, chromatin,karyotheca and cellular membranes were destroyed.The mitochondria were swollen,membranes were ruptured,and the crista disappeared.Many organelles were destroyed.The chromatin was lightly wrecked in the transitional area between putrescence and the normal smooth muscle tissue.Karyotheca and cellular plasm still existed,the mitochondria were highly edematous and the crista were disappeared,and the granular endoplasmic reticula were slightly expanded and degranulated.(2)The serosal temperature in in vitro uterus was significantly higher than that in in vivo uterus(P0.05).The injury depth of the "Z+ W" radiation group increased significantly than that of the " Z" radiation group(P

The cloning of promoter is important for studying the genetic engineering and the regulation of gene expression in plants. Two promoters Os772 and Os359, which are predicted to be highly expressed in the endosperm of rice from the EST database were cloned. After construction of the Os772∶∶GUS and Os359∶∶GUS expression vectors, they were transformed into rice. X-Gluc staining of transgenic plants showed that Os772 and Os359 can promote GUS gene expression in matured endosperm but not in root, stem, leaf and flower. This result indicates Os772 and Os359 are two rice endosperm-specific promoters.

Aged ; Humans ; Lung ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumoconiosis ; complications ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Reference Standards

Incidence of depression symptoms and its related factors of stroke, including medical, psychological and social factors, were analysed and studied by Zung SDS amony 102 stroke patients at first contact during Oct 1998 to Jan 2000. The result showed that incidence of depression symptoms of stroke is about 44.12%, and there are six related factors including instabile introversion, former focus on hemispheres, family conflict, social support and hand function. The conclusion is that occurance of depression symptoms of stroke should be paid attention, and its medication and prognosis should be multidisciplinary.

Objective To investigate the effects of cornel iridoid glycoside (CIG) on the learning-memory ability and pathological changes in the brain of vascular dementia (VD) rats; To discuss relevant mechanism of action. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group, model group, positive medicine group, CIG groups low-, medium- and high-dose groups. The animal model of VD was replicated by permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2VO) in rats. Drugs were intragastrically administered 6 h after surgery and then once a day for 3 months. Morris water maze test was used to detect spatial learning-memory ability, and recognition memory was measured by the object recognition test. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the neuronal survival and the expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the brain. Results Three months after permanent 2VO operation, the model rats showed a longer escape latency in Morris water maze, a lower discrimination index in the object recognition test, and a decrease in NeuN positive neuronal survival and ChAT expression in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Compared with the model group, intragastric administration of CIG for 3 months shortened the escape latency in Morris water maze, elevated the discrimination index in the object recognition test, and increased the NeuN positive neuronal survival in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex and ChAT expression of 2VO rats. Conclusion CIG can improve the cognitive impairment of VD model rats through protecting neurons and promoting ChAT expression.