0.05).Conclusion Low iron stores contribute to ADHD.SF level must be evaluated and retrieved in subjects with ADHD,particularly in the subgroup of ADHD-I.

BACKGROUND: As a common anticoagulant, heparin is widely used in clinic, but it has remarkable side effects such as severe bleeding and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, and it cannot inactivate fibrin-bound thrombin. Annexin Ⅴ derivative (AND) is inosculated with C-terminal of hirudin and annexin Ⅴ, and its anticoagulation and anti-thrombosis effects are compared with those of heparin. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between quantitative effectiveness and time effectiveness of AND on coagulation and thrombosis, and study its reliability. DESIGN: Completely randomized grouping design and controlled study. SETTING: Cardiac Department of amunicipal hospital. MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted at the Animal Laboratory of Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital from July 2000 to April 2001. Totally 32 male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 4groups, namely, high dosage AND group, low dosage AND group, common heparin group and saline group with 8 in each group. METHODS: Heparin and AND were diluted with saline.①High dosage AND group: 0.7 mg/kg AND was injected intravenously and followed by intravenous dripping of 0.35mg/(kg ·h)for 2 hours.Low dosage AND group: 0.3 mg/kg AND was injected intravenously and followed by intravenous dripping of 0.15 mg/(kg·h) for 2 hours. Heparin group: 75 IU/kg heparin was injected intravenously and followed by intravenous dripping of 37.5 IU/(kg·h) for 2 hours. Saline group: The same volume of saline and medication were used as those in drug groups.② Blood sample was collected from the femoral vein before administration so as to test blood routine, activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT)and prothrombin time (PT) after 15-, 30- and 60-minute administration and 2-hour withdrawal.③Saccule was separated from endothelium of femoral artery to measure blood pressure of distal femoral artery at 15 minutes after administration.Time of pulse pressure equal to 0 mmHg was recorded when the vessel was occluded completely by a thrombus.Finally the injured femoral arteries whose vessel was stripped were collected to measure its length, wet weight and dry weight. ④Observation of AND toxicity and sideeffects:During the experiment,vital signs of the animals were measured,such as blood pressure,heart rate and breath;in addition,bowelhemorrhage was observed and the number of leucocytes was counted after dissection of some of the animals. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①Effect of AND on blood coagulation system and arterial thrombosis.②AND toxicity and side effects. RESULTS: All the 32 white rabbits entered the final analysis. ① Anticoagulant effect: APTT: Fifteen minutes after administration, APTT in AND group was the longest,which was(136.86±39.46)s in high dosage AND group and (122.90±34.19) s in low dosage ANDgroup.Moreover, APTT was longer than that in saline group [(95.14±24.64) s], but shorter than that in common heparin group [(180.00±0.00) s, P ＜ 0.05, 0.01]. At 30 minutes after administration,AND in high dosage group still had coagulation,and APTT was (124.61±40.19) s in high dosage group, which was longer than that in saline group [(85.57±27.67) s], but APTT was (112.94±43.17) sin low dosage group,which was shorter than that in common heparin group [(85.57±27.67)s,P ＜ 0.05].APTT was shorter in high and low dosage groups than in common heparin group at 60 minutes after administration (P ＜ 0.05),and longer than that in saline group 2 hours after drug withdrawal,but there was not significant difference(P ＞ 0.05).PT:PT in common heparin group was longer than that in high and low dosage groups at 15,30 and 60 minutes after administration (P ＜ 0.05).② Effect on arterial thrombosis:Wet weight of thrombus:It was lighter in AND group than in common heparin group(P ＜ 0.05). Dry weight of thrombus:Thrombus was lighter in high and low dosage groups than in common heparin group, and was lighter in high dosage group than in low dosage group (P ＜ 0.05).Thrombus length:It was shorter in low dosage group than in saline group (P ＜ 0.05), and shorter in high dosage groupthan in common heparin group (P ＜ 0.05). Time of complete occlusion: It was longer in high and low dosage groups than in saline group(P ＜ 0.05).③ AND toxicity and side effects:The behavior of rabbits in high and low dosage groups was similar to that in other two groups. Obvious hemodynamic changes were not found, and bowel hemorrhage was not observed, either. CONCLUSION: AND is an effective anticoagulant and anti-thrombosis agent; the highest anticoagulation effect occurs at 15 minutes afteradminis tration. However, the anticoagulant effect is poor as compared to heparin.The effect is poorer after 60-minute administration. Effect of AND on thrombus is stronger than that of heparin,but the size of thrombus is smaller than that of heparin, and the dosage-dependence manner was found. In addition, the anti-thrombus effect of AND is stronger in high dosage group than in low dosage group.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical results of external fixation and AO titanium elastic intramedullary nailing for treatment of tibia-fibula comminuted closed fractures.

METHODSFrom June 2010 to June 2012,58 patients with tibia-fibula comminuted closed fractures were treated with external fixation and AO titanium elastic intramedullary nailing, including 31 males and 27 females with an average age of 38.5 years old ranging from 21 to 57 years old. According to the system of AO Classification, the fractures were classified as type B1 in 9 cases,type B2 in 7 cases, type B3 in 10 cases, type Cl in 14 cases, type C2 in 12 cases,and type C3 in 6 cases. According to the system of Winquist-Hanson,the fractures' comminuted were classified as grade 1 in 23 cases, grade 2 in 17 cases, grade 3 in 12 cases, and grade 4 in 6 cases. According to the system of Johner-Wruhs, clinical results were compared between different type and grade groups by the time of last followed-up.

RESULTSAll 58 patients were followed up with an average time of 6.8 months (ranged from 18 to 36 weeks). All fractures had clinical healing with an average time of 28 weeks (ranged from 24 to 32 weeks). The total rate of good to excellent results was 91.4%. The rate of good to excellent in the group of grade 1 was higher than that of other grades. The complication rates and fracture healing time would increase respectively with higher Winquist-Hanson's grade. The complication rates in the group of type C3 was higher than that of other types, but the rate of good to excellent was lower than that of other types. The complication rates in the group of type B1 was lower than that of other types,but the rate of good to excellent was higher than that of other types.

CONCLUSIONMinimal invasiveusing AO titanium elastic intramedullary nailing combined with external fixation for treatment of tibia-fibula fractures especially for the multiple-segment,long spiral mild-to-moderate comminuted with hidden fracture can get satisfactory reduction and reliable fixation,it conformes to the principle of BO completely, protects the fracture end blood supply,reduces the external fixation time, has less skin soft tissue complications, postoperative function recovered satisfactorily.

Adult ; Bone Nails ; Bone Plates ; External Fixators ; Female ; Fibula ; injuries ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; instrumentation ; methods ; Fractures, Closed ; surgery ; Fractures, Comminuted ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Tibia ; injuries ; surgery ; Young Adult

Objective To study the genomic molecular organization and genotype of human astro-virus infected infants in Shanghai of China. Methods Based on the published genomic sequence of HAstV (GenBank), the whole genome of one isolate human astrovirus was sequenced by specific primers. The PCR-products were cloned to pMD18-T vector and sequenced, phylogenetic tree was constructed by the Neighbor-Joining method with MEGA 4 software. Results The genome of HAstV-SH is 6807 hp, contains three ORFs: ORF1a and 1b encode the non-structural protein (from 83 nt to 4372 nt), ORF2 encodes the structural protein (from 4364 nt to 6727 nt). Compared with the ORF2 gene of those eight astrovirus sero-types in GenBank, revealed that the highest homology is with genotype 1 (97%). Homology with other gen-otypes ranged between 63% and 70%. Conclusion HAstV-SH belonged to genotype 1 and closely clus-tered with a strain of Japan (AB009985).

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoid Tumor ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Chromogranin A ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Gastrectomy ; methods ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Synaptophysin ; metabolism

Objective: To construct the expression plasmid of a novel gene human NBEAL1 (neurobeachin like 1), and to study its relationship with the pathological grades of glioma. Methods: Total RNA of human glioma cell line U251 was extracted. NBEAL1 expression plasmid pGEX-KG/NBEAL1 was constructed and transferred into E. coli BL21. Recombinant NBEAL1 protein was induced by IPTG and further purified by GST affinity chromatographic column. The purity of recombinant NBEAL1 protein was examined by Western blotting analysis. A NBEAL1 protein specific monoclonal antibody was prepared and was used to study the relationship of NBEAL1 expression with pathological grades of glioma. Results: The NBEAL1 gene fragment was successfully cloned into pGEX-KG expression plasmid and verified by DNA sequencing. The recombinant NBEAL1 protein was expressed in inclusion bodies, with a yield of more than 30% of total bacterial proteins; the purity of purified NBEAL1 protein was above 95%. Western blotting analysis confirmed that the purified protein containing GST tag and NBEAL protein. NBEAL1 protein was lowly expressed in normal brain tissues and highly expressed in low grade glioma tissues; and the expression of NBEAL1 decreased with the increase of glioma malignancy. Conclusion: The NBEAL1 protein has been successfully cloned, expressed and purified. NBEAL1 protein expression in glioma tissues is negatively associated with the pathological grades of glioma.

Objective To define the effect and mechanism of hyperkalemic solution on atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion in rabbits. Methods Eighteen rabbits were selected and the chest was opened under anes-thetization to remove the heart. The left atrium was isolated and fixed in the atrial perfusion system with proper electric stimulation for beating. The following experiments were carried out on beating rabbit atria: ①The atrium was perfused for 60 min to stabilize parameters of ANP secretion and atrial dynamics. The control period (12 min as an experimental cycle) was followed by an infusion of hyperkalemic solution (K+ concentration of hyperkalemic solution was 5.64 mmol/L and the osmolarity of hyperkalemic solution was unchanged) for three cycles, then normal K+ cancentration was recovered for two cycles;②The control period was followed by an infusion of L type Ca2+ channel blocker nifedipine (1.0 μmol/L) for three cycles;③L type Ca2+ channel inhibitor nifedipine (1.0 μmol/L) was infused for 36 rain prior (three cycles) to infusion of hyperkalemic solution. Atrial stroke volume was determined and the ANP secretion was measured by radioimmtmoaasay. Results (1)Hyperkalemic solution increased atrial ANP secretion (P<0.01) and reduced the atrial stroke volume,hut the difference was not statistically significant as compared with that of the control cycle(P>0.05). The recovery trend was to the normal level of ANP secretion and atrial stroke volume was to become normal gradually when solution level recovered to normal ,which was not significantly different from that of the control cycle (P>0.05) ;②Nifedipine (1.0 μmol/L) also increased the atrial ANP secretion (P<0.01 or P <0.05) while decreasing atrial stroke volume (P<0.01 or P < 0.05 ) ; ③Nifodipine (1.0μmol/L) completely blocked the effect of hyperkalemic solution so to increase the ANP secretion (P <0.01 ). Conclusion Hyperkalemic solution significantly increases atrial ANP secretion via extracellular high K+ competitive inhibition of extracellular Ca2+ inflow in beating rabbit atria.

Anti-cancer drug bleomycin (BLM) can cause acute lung injury (ALI) which often results in pulmonary fibrosis due to a failure of resolving acute inflammatory response. The aim of this study is to investigate whether toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 mediates BLM-induced ALI, inflammation and fibrosis. BLM-induced dendritic cells (DCs) maturation was analyzed by flow cytometry and cytokine secretion was detected by the ELISA method. The expression and activity of p38 and ERK MAPK were determined with Western blotting. The roles of TLR2 in ALI, inflammation and fibrosis were investigated in C57BL/6 mice administered intratracheally with BLM. The results demonstrated that BLM-administered mice had higher expression of TLR2 (P<0.001) and its signaling molecules. Blocking TLR2 significantly inhibited the maturation of DCs and reversed BLM-stimulated secretion of cytokines in DCs, such as IL-6 (P<0.001), IL-17 (P<0.05) and IL-23 (P<0.05). TLR2 inhibition attenuated BLM-induced increase of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and reversed the immunosuppressive microenvironment by enhancing TH1 response (P<0.05) and inhibiting TH2 (P<0.001), Treg (P<0.01) and TH17 (P<0.01) responses. Importantly, blocking TLR2 in vivo significantly protected BLM-administered mice from pulmonary injury, inflammation and fibrosis and subsequently increased BLM-induced animal survival (from 50% to 92%). Therefore, TLR2 is a novel potential target for ALI and pulmonary fibrosis.

0.5D) were 21.4%,1.8%,19.5%,36.0%,and 22.5%, respectively.The prevalence of myopia and high myopia significantly decreased with age (P=0.001).The prevalence of hyperopia, astigmatism,anisometropia tended to increase with age (all P

Objective To investigate the influence of age on recent prognosis of elderly inpatients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods A total of 2535 inpatients with AMI were divided into different age groups.The influences of age and coexistent diseases on prognosis in AMI patients were analyzed retrospectively.Results The hospital mortality and 30-day mortality were higher in patients aged ≥80 years compared with patients aged 65-79 years and patients aged 60-64 years(χ2 =46.378,P<0.01 ;χ2 = 44.534, P<0.01).In 60-64 years old patients with AMI, the prevalences of old myocardial infarction (OMI), renal insufficiency, respiratory insufficiency were higher and the prevalence of angina pectoris was lower in death group than in survival group (all P<0.05).In 65-79 years old patients with AMI, the prevalences of OMI, hypertension, diabetes,cerebrovascular disease, renal insufficiency, respiratory insufficiency were higher and the prevalence of angina pectoris was lower in death group than in survival group(P<0.05).In 80-94 years old patients with AMI, the prevalences of OMI, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, renal insufficiency, respiratory insufficiency were higher and the prevalence of angina pectoris was lower in death group than in survival group(P<0.05).The prevalences of OMI, hypertension, diabetes, cerebrovascular disease,respiratory insufficiency were significantly increased in 80-94 years old death group versus 60-64 and 65-79 years old death group(all P<0.05).Conclusions The mortality rate of elderly patients with AMI is increased with age and atypical angina pectoris should be paid more attention in these patients.