Cough is a common respiratory symptom in children.To evaluate severity of cough and the quality-of-life in children with chronic cough,cough scores,generic questionnaires and cough-specific health-related quality of life questionnaires have been developed.Different questionnaires have their own particular features,recently the validity and reliability of the cough-specific health-related quality of life questionnaires are supposed to be high in assessing quality of life,and have been proved to be quite valid and reliable tools.Studies have shown that chronic cough not only affects physical status in children,but also seriously affects their psychological health,social activities and family life negatively.Therefore,evaluating severity of cough and impacting on quality of life contributes to the clinical development of appropriate interventions.

Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapy for pancreatitis has been used since the 1960s.According to the clinical manifestations and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiation of pancreatitis,pancreatitis was named true heart pain with cold limbs caused by spleen disease.Syndrome differentiation of acute pancreatitis and treatment with modified Dachaihu decoction achieved good clinical effects.After the 1990s,the research focus of pancreatitis research was shifted to severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).The clinical course of SAP was divided into three phases,and different therapeutic regimens were given.Clinical studies achieved good therapeutic effects in terms of cure rate and fatality rate.After 2000,integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapy for chronic pancreatitis has been promoted systemically,and the cooperation between traditional Chinese medicine,endoscopic techniques,and operative treatment helps to significantly improve pain control,nutritional status,and incidence of complications.

Pediatric acute liver failure has a high mortality.Liver transplantation is the only definite treatment.Extracorporeal liver support can be employed as a strategy for bridging to transplantation or recovery.There are three types of device for temporary support:biological,non-biological (also called artificial) and bio-artificial (hybrid techniques).Early non-biological device including hemodialysis,hemoperfusion/plasma perfusion and plasmapheresis have improved biochemical efficacy,but there are little data for clinical end points.Continuous blood purification and the combination of various non-biological methods such as the molecular adsorbent recirculatory system and Prometheus(R) are new extracorporeal blood purification therapy.The results of many experimental and clinical trials have improved the efficacy of the above mentioned methods.

Oxidative stress can achieve the purpose of tumor therapy by accelerating the death of tumor cells.As a major molecule generated from the body's oxidative stress reaction,reactive oxygen species(ROS)exerts the antitumor efforts by promoting apoptosis,necrosis and autophagy.The drugs which could increase the level of ROS in cells have received more and more people's attention,and this provide a new research direction for the clinical treatment of tumors.

Objective To compare the effect of calcium sulfate pellets made by different methods in repair of segmental radial defect of rabbits. Methods Eighty white New Zealand rabbits were sub-jected to defects of middle part of the left radial bone and divided into four groups according to repair ma-terials: control group (Group A, implanted with no artificial bone substitute), uncoated pressed calcium sulfate pellets (Group B), coated pressed calcium sulfate pellets (Group C) and coated pressed calcium sulfate pellets combined with rhBMP-2 (Group D). Histologic examination and biological test were done at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after operation. The data were processed with mono-factor variance analysis. Re-sults New bone formation was found on the defected bone in Group D and Group C, with better in Group D. The bone strength test showed that the anti-bending strength was (39.6±1.7) % in Group C and (47.5±2.1) % in Group D, which were higher than (21.3±2.7) % in Group A and (23.6±3.3) % in Group B, with higher anti-bending strength in Group D than that in Group C (F = 125.3 ,P <0.01). Conclusions For restoration of segmental bone defects, chitosan-coated pressed calcium sulfate pellet shows relatively high density and slightly slow resorption, which closely coincides with the growth rate of new bone. The coated pellet combined with rhBMP-2 can enhance its osteogeneais in restoring segmental Done defects.

Objective To explore the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of IgA nephropathy.Methods The clinical data of 2 children with IgA nephropathy were retrospectively analyzed.The pertinent literatures were reviewed.Results In 2 males aged 6 and 7 years,the clinical features were a large amount of proteinuria (mainly albumin),low serum albumin,high cholesterol,and persistent microscopic hematuria,which were in line with the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome.The effects of hormone and immunosuppressive therapy were poor.Renal pathology immunofluorescence and light microscopy findings were in accord with mild to moderate mesangial proliferative IgA nephropathy (M1E0S0T0).Electron microscope showed glomerular basement membrane lesions (layering,breakage,and uneven thickness),which could not exclude Alport syndrome.Further gene detection confirmed a pathogenic mutation of COL4A5.Conclusions It is rare that IgA nephropathy is combined IgA nephropathy at the same time.Attention should by paid to those who had a poor effect of treatment or had a related family history in IgA patients because it is possible that IgA nephropathy and IgA nephropathy may occurred at the same time.

Objective To analyze the diagnostic approach on hepatolenticular degeneration combined with thin basement membrane nephropathy.Methods A girl presented with microscopic hematuria, liver dysfunction and hypocomplementemia was diagnosed with hepatolenticular degeneration combined with thin basement membrane nephropathy, her clinical data were summarized and analyzed retrospectively.Results A ten years old girl presented with microscopic hematuria and liver dysfunction for a year, dysarthria for a month, and combined with hypocomplementemia but without proteinuria. Renal biopsy showed thin basement membrane nephropathy. Ceruloplasmin was 23.10 mg/L and urinary copper concentration was 120μg, respectively, ocular slit lamp examination showed Kayser-Fleischer ring, cranial MRI showed preternatural signal in both basal and putamen nucleus, mutation analysis showed homozygous mutations in ATP7B and heterozygous mutation in COL4A3 gene,respectively.Conclussion Hepatolenticular degeneration should be suspected in those cases with persistence microscopic hematuria, liver dysfunction and hypocomplementemia.

Objective:To observe the efficacy of different forms of triamcinolone acetonide( TA) in the treatment of buccal erosive oral lichen planus (EOLP). Methods:120 EOLP patients were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=30) and treated with Kangfuxin mouth-wash followed by topical ointment of( TA) , TA injection, TA mouth-wash and only Kangfuxin mouth-wash only, respectively. Before treatment, 1, 2 and 4 weeks after treatment, the pain (VAS score) and erosion area were measured, the effects were compared among groups. Results:The VAS scores of A, B and C groups were significantly lower than those of the control group after 1, 2 and 4 week treatment, and the total effective rate was significantly higher than that of the control group, respectively(P<0. 05). The VAS score was lower and total effective rate was higher in group A and group B than those in group C(P<0. 05), but there was no statistically sig-nificant difference between group A and B(P>0. 05). The average erosion area of group A and B was significantly smaller than that of the control group after 1, 2 and 4 week treatment(P<0. 05). There was no significant difference between group C and the control group after 1 and 2 week treatment(P>0. 05), but 4 weeks after treatment, the average area of erosion of group C was significantly smaller than that of the control group(P<0. 05). Conclusion:Triamcinolone acetonide is effective in the treatment of OLP and the oral oint-ment form is safe and convenient for OLP treatment.

Objective To explore the clinical features of steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome caused by NPHS2 gene mutation. Methods The clinical data of two pediatric patients with steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome were retrospectively analyzed. The pertinent literatures were reviewed. Results Both patients were male with onset age at 2 and 3 years old. The clinical features were heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and hypercholesterolemia, which met the diagnostic criteria of nephrotic syndrome. Renal pathology found one patient with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and other with minimal-change. Both of them suffered from recurrent inguinal hernioplasty and one was accompanied with hypoplasia of left testis. Gene detection verified a NPHS2 gene mutation. Both of them were hormone resistant at the beginning of onset and later hormone combined with different kinds of immunosuppressive therapy was still ineffective. Both of them entered the end-stage of renal disease 3 years after onset. Conclusions For male pediatric patients with steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome, combined with non-renal manifestations such as multiple hernia or testicular abnormalities, the possibility of the hereditary nephrotic syndrome caused by NPHS2 mutations should be considered.

Sleep is a vital phenomenon of life,the disturbance of which could be associated with a wide range of diseases,such as depression,anxiety,memory loss and hypertension. After years of efforts,pharmacological research of sleep in China has been in line with the pace of international sleep study,especially in the mechanisms of sleep. Our research is beginning to involved in several hot spots of study,such as the relationship between sleep disorders and their comorbidities(PTSD, depression,hypertension,diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases). Attention has also been paid to the research and discovery of novel hypnotic drugs. Despite the gap in sleep research between China and other developed countries,sleep study in China will definitely step into a gold period as well as solve sleep problems for more patients as soon as possible with the joint efforts of researchers and with the increasing attention to healthy sleep.