Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Swertia mussotii. Methods: Various chromatographic methods were employed to isolate the compounds and their structures were established by spectroscopic analysis. Results: Nineteen compounds were isolated from 75% ethanol extract of S. mussotii and identified as 1-hydroxyl-3, 4, 7, 8-tetramethoxyxanthone (1), 1, 7- dihydroxyl-3-methoxyxanthone (2), 1, 3, 7-trihydroxyxanthone (3), 1, 3, 7, 8-tetrahydroxyxanthone (4), 1, 3, 8-trihydroxyl-7- methoxyxanthone (5), 1, 3-dihyfroxyl-7, 8-dimethoxyxanthone (6), 1, 5, 8-trihydroxyl-3, 4-dimethoxyxanthone (7), 1-hydroxyl-3, 4, 5, 8-tetramethoxyxanthone (8), 1-hydroxyl-3, 5, 8-trimethoxyxanthone (9), (S)-(+)-gentiolactone (10a), (R)-(-)-gentiolactone (10b), 1, 8-dihydroxyl-3, 7-dimethoxyxanthone (11), 1-hydroxyl-3, 7, 8-trimethoxyxanthone (12), 1, 7-dihydroxyl-3, 8-dimethoxyxanthone (13), 1, 7, 8-trihydroxyl-3-methoxyxanthone (14), 1, 3, 5, 8-tetrahydroxyxanthone (15), 1, 7-dihydroxyl-3, 4, 8-trimethoxyxanthone (16), mangiferin (17), and oleanolic acid (18), respectively. Conclusion: Compounds 1-9 are firstly isolated from S. mussotii. Compounds 10a and 10b are firstly isolated from the plants in Swertia L.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the quality control index between Jinzhen Suanzao teabag and decoction,and explore the alternative supplement of teabag to decoction. METHODS:The test sample solutions of Jinzhen Suanzao teabag and decoction were prepared by hot-maceration method and water-decoction method. The contents of water soluble extract and total flavonoids were de-termined and compared between 2 kinds of preparation. The leaching rates of teabag were investigated at different soak time(0,5, 10,15,20,25,30 min) to optimize soaking time. RESULTS:The average content of water soluble extract were 50.56% and 44.45%(P<0.05) respectively for the teabag and decoction. The total flavonoids content were 0.64 mg/g and 0.69 mg/g (P<0.05). The dissolution amount of teabag were increasing and leaching rate increased within first 20 min,and reached balance gradu-ally 25 min later. CONCLUSIONS:According to the convenience of use and results of each index,the difference in quality control index is not great between 2 kinds of preparation. Teabag can be as the supplement of decoction.

18 fungal strains including N.coenophialum,N.lolii, N.huerfanum、N.chisosum、N.aotearoae、N.sp.and 8 varieties of grass seeds belonging to Festuca arundinacea and Lolium perenne have been studied.With amplification of IS1～IS3 and F1～R1 of genomic DNA, the primers Tub-2-F～Tub-2-R from Tubulin-2 gene and F3～R3 from NC25 gene have been designed.A PCR method to detect N.coenophialum and N.lolii was established, and also a nested-PCR method to detect N.coenophialum and N.lolii in single seed was established.These PCR detection methods are strongly special and much credible and rapid-speeded.

Objective: To observe the OCT characteristics of lamellar hole-associated epiretinal proliferation (LHEP). Methods: A retrospective case analysis. A total of 128 patients (133 eyes) with lamellar macular hole (LMH) and 202 patients (212 eyes) with full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) diagnosed by the examinations of spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) in Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu from January 2013 to December 2016 were included in this study. Among 133 eyes with LMH, there were 53 eyes (39.8%) with LHEP and 80 eyes (60.2%) without LHEP. Among 212 eyes with FTMH, there were 12 eyes (5.7%) with LHEP and 200 eyes (94.3%) without LHEP. The mean age of LMH with or without LHEP patients were 70.88±10.98, 64.76±13.60 years old, respectively. The difference of mean age between LMH with or without LHEP patients was statistically significant (U=1521.5, P=0.006). The inner diameter, median diameter and base thickness of the LMH, the height, base diameter and minimum diameter of FTMH were measured by SD-OCT. The traction index (THI) and the macular hole index (MHI) were calculated. An independent sample t-test or rank-sum test was used to compare the inner diameter, median diameter, and base thickness of the LMH in patients with or without LHEP, and χ² test was used to compare the injury rate of ellipsoid zone. Results: Of the LMH patients with or without LHEP, the inner diameter were 611.15±209.83 and 521.70±198.05 μm, the median diameter were 961.22±571.09 and 497.01±172.30 μm, the base thickness were 99.83±38.69 and 154.12±43.17 μm. The differences of the inner diameter, median diameter and the base thickness between LMH patients with or without LHEP were statistically significant (t=2.490, 5.747, -7.395; P=0.014, 0.000, 0.000). Among the 53 eyes with LHEP, There were 50 eyes (94.34%) were injured in ellipsoid zone among 53 eyes with LHEP, while 17 eyes (21.25%) were injured in ellipsoid zone among 80 eyes without LHEP. The injury rate of ellipsoid zone between LMH patients with or without LHEP was statistically significant (χ²=68.126, P=0.000). In 12 eyes of FTMH with LHEP, there were 10 eyes with THI <1.0 and MHI<0.5. Conclusion Compared with the LMH without LHEP, the LMH with LHEP has larger inner diameter and median diameter, thinner base and higher injury rate of ellipsoid zone.

OBJECTIVETo explore the risk factors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) recurrence in adult patients and establish a prognosis index (PI) calculation model in order to improve the prevention strategy of ALL in adults.

METHODS104 adult ALL patients from Blood Diseases Hospital & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences between August 2008 and November 2011 were enrolled. COX proportional hazards regression stratified by Dummy variable was used to set up the prediction model; Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank test were used to estimate and compare the survival. After calculated individual PI value, patients' expected survival should be estimated by groups.

RESULTSThe overall median survival of adult ALL patients was 22.00 months (95% CI 17.00-27.00). COX regression analysis showed that chemotherapy group patients had a higher risk of recurrence than of ASCT group while setting treatment as the dummy variable (RR=2.052, 95%CI 0.877-4.799, P=0.007). Stratified Analysis showed that the risk factors of B-ALL recurrence in adult patients included HGB <100 g/L (RR=0.186, 95% CI 0.068-0.512, P=0.001), CNSL (RR=7.767,95% CI 2.951- 20.433, P=0.001), number of consolidation chemotherapy<3 (RR=0.445, 95% CI 0.211-0.940, P=0.034) and Ph chromosome positive (RR=2.771, 95% CI 1.353-5.674, P=0.005). Grouped by the PI value, the expected survival of each individual patient could be estimated as PI=0.58 base.

CONCLUSIONHGB, CNSL, number of consolidation chemotherapy and Ph chromosome were independent risk factors of B-ALL recurrence in adult patients. PI value could predict the survival of adult ALL patients and provide reference for individual therapy and prognostic evaluation.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult

Objective To observe the effects of Shenqi Xingnao Prescription on learning and memory ability, contents of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) in brain tissue in mice models with scopolamine-induced Alzheimer disease (AD); To investigate its mechanism for prevention and treatment for AD. Methods Totally 110 ICR mice were randomly divided into control group, control+Shenqi Xingnao Prescription high-dose group,model group,donepezil group,model+Shenqi Xingnao Prescription high-,medium-,and low-dose groups. The control and model group were given distilled water for gavage, and the other groups were given the corresponding medicine for gavage, once a day, for 14 days. On the 15th day, Morris water maze test and object recognition test were used to evaluate the learning and memory ability of each group. The model mice of memory impairment induced by intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine was established 20 minutes before the behavioral test. The expressions of ChAT and AChE in cortex and hippocampus were detected by Western blot. Results The results of Morris water maze test showed that compared with the control group, the model group had significant longer escape latency(P<0.05);Compared with the model group,Shenqi Xingnao Prescription medium-and high-dose groups could shorten the escape latency (P<0.05). The results of the object recognition test showed that compared with the control group, the ability of the model group to explore new things decreased and the discrimination index (DI) decreased (P<0.001);Compared with the model group,Shenqi Xingnao Prescription groups could increase the DI of model mice (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001). The results of Western blot showed that the expression of AChE protein in the cortex and hippocampus of the model group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.01); Compared with the model group, Shenqi Xingnao Prescription low- and medium-dose groups could decrease the expression of AChE in the cortex in different degrees(P<0.01);Shenqi Xingnao Prescription groups could decreaed the expression of AChE in the hippocampus (P<0.001); There was no significant statistical significance in the expression of ChAT in the cortex and hippocampus in each group.Conclusion Shenqi Xingnao Prescription can significantly improve the learning and memory ability of AD model mice induced by scopolamine, which may be related to the descent expression of AChE protein in the cortex and hippocampus of the model mice.

This study was aimed to observe the curative effect and safety of Danzhi Jiangtang Capsule ( DJC ) combined with atorvastatin on carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) in diabetes patients without hyper-tension . A total of 196 diabetes patients without hypertension with incrassate carotid artery IMT were randomly divided into the control group ( 98 cases ) and the treatment group ( 98 cases ) . The conventional diabetes thera-py was given to both groups . The atorvastatin of 20 mg/night was given to the control group . And the atorvas-tatin 20 mg/night added with DJC 9 . 0 g/night were given to the treatment group . The treatment course was
12 months . Carotid artery IMT , carotid atherosclerotic plaque area , FPG , FIns , HOMA-IR , HbA1c , blood lipids , hepatorenal function and etc . were examined before and after the treatment respectively . The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between carotid artery IMT and FIns , HOMA-IR , HbAlc , LDL-C . After 12-month treatment , the total effectiveness is 85 . 87% in the treatment group . And there was significant difference compared with the control group ( P < 0 . 05 ) . The levels of FPG , FIns , HOMA-IR , HbAlc of the treatment group had no difference compared with the control group . Compared with the control group, TC and LDL-C of the treatment group was obviously decreased (P < 0.05). And HDL-C was significantly increased ( P < 0 . 05 ) . The carotid artery IMT of the treatment group decreased from ( 0 . 11 ±0 . 01 ) cm to ( 0 . 08 ± 0 . 01 ) cm . And compared with the control group , there was statistical significance ( P <0 . 05 ) . The carotid atherosclerotic plaque area of 58 cases in the treatment group decreased from ( 0 . 37 ±0.56) cm2 to (0.21 ± 0.25) cm2. However, there was no statistical significance compared to the control group. There were 5 adverse events in the control group and 9 adverse events in the treatment group . And there was no difference between two groups. It was concluded that DJC combined with atorvastatin can regulate lipid metabolism and reduce carotid artery IMT .

OBJECTIVETo present the changes of surgical approaches for the resection of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas (JNA) and the follow-up results.

METHODSThe clinical records of 59 patients with JNA treated under endoscope between 2002 and 2009 were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were divided into two groups: Group A (Radkowski I a-II b) and Group B (Radkowsik II c-III b). The tumor stages, feeding vessels, operating time, complications and recurrence were observed and recorded.

RESULTSThere were 7 patients with stage I a, 3 patients with stage I b, 5 patients with stage II a, 6 patients with stage II b, 4 patients with stage II c, 23 patients with stage III a, 11 patients with stage III b. The average age at diagnosis in Group A (21 cases) was 23.9 years old. The average operating time was (106.0 +/- 43.7) min. The follow-up ranged from 3 months to 74 months (median 36 months) except for 3 missing cases. The average age at diagnosis in Group B (38 cases) was 16.2 years old and the average operating time was (152.9 +/- 58.0) min. The follow-up ranged from 3 months to 87 months (median 25 months) except for 5 missing cases. During follow-up, 6 patients in group B recurred. Infarction of thalamencephalon happened in 1 patient in group B who recovered totally afterwards. The difference in operating time between two groups was statistically significant (t = -3.232, P = 0.002). The life table was used to evaluate the survival curves and Log-rank test showed that the difference of recurrent time between two groups was statistically significant (P = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONSThe key techniques to remove tumor are bleeding control, drilling-out the bone that tumor invaded. Transpterygoid or posterolateral wall of maxillary sinus approach are recommended for tumors that extend to infratemporal fossa. Small and intermediate-sized JNA which have no deep invasion of skull base (RadkowskiIa-II b) have a low morbidity. JNA at Radkowski stage IIc and above have residual and recurrent risk.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Angiofibroma ; pathology ; surgery ; Child ; Endoscopy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Elabela is a newly discovered peptide in recent years.It is the endogenous ligand of Apelin receptor(APJ)and plays an important role in embryonic development and adult organs.Elabela-APJ axis is closely related to organ fibrosis.Elabela can protect the functions of heart and kidney by antagonizing renin-angiotensin system and regulating blood pressure.In addition,it can prevent kidney and heart fibrosis by down-regulating the expression of fibrosis and inflammatory factors.However,there is a positive correlation between the level of Elabela and the degree of liver fibrosis,suggesting that Elabela may play a role in promoting liver fibrosis.This review aims to explore the role of Elabela-APJ axis in renal fibrosis,cardiac fibrosis,and liver fibrosis,and to provide a new therapeutic target for organ fibrosis.
Apelin ; Apelin Receptors ; Blood Pressure ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Peptide Hormones ; Pregnancy

Objective To investigate the current situation and influencing factors of latent tuberculosis infection(LTBI)among close contacts of positive etiology pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB)patients,provide basis for formula-ting intervention measures for LTBI.Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select close contacts of positive etiology PTB patients from 39 districts and counties in Chongqing City as the study objects.Demographic information was collected by questionnaire survey and the infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected by interferon gamma release assay(IGRA).The influencing factors of LTBI were analyzed by x2 test and binary logistic regression model.Results A total of 2 591 close contacts were included,the male to female ratio was 0.69∶1,with the mean age of(35.72±16.64)years.1 058 cases of LTBI were detected,Myco-bacterium tuberculosis latent infection rate was 40.83％.Univariate analysis showed that the infection rate was dif-ferent among peoples of different age,body mass index(BMI),occupation,education level,marital status,wheth-er they had chronic disease or major surgery history,whether they lived together with the indicator case,and whether the cumulative contact time with the indicator case ≥250 hours,difference were all statistically significant(all P＜0.05);infection rate presented increased trend with the increase of age and BMI(both P＜0.001),and decreased trend with the increase of education(P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that age 45-54 years old(OR=1.951,95％CI:1.031-3.693),age 55-64 years old(OR=2.473,95％CI:1.279-4.781),other occupations(OR=0.530,95％CI:0.292-0.964),teachers(OR=0.439,95％CI:0.242-0.794),students(OR=0.445,95％CI:0.233-0.851),junior high school education or below(OR=1.412,95％CI:1.025-1.944),BMI＜18.5 kg/m2(OR=0.762,95％CI:0.586-0.991),co-living with indicator cases(OR=1.621,95％CI1.316-1.997)and cumu-lative contact time with indicator cases ≥250 hours(OR=1.292,95％CI:1.083-1.540)were the influential fac-tors for LTBI(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The close contacts with positive etiology PTB have a high latent infection rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis,and it is necessary to pay attention to close contacts of high age,farmers,and frequent contact with patients,and take timely targeted interventions to reduce the risk of occurrence of disease.