OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of β₃adrenoceptors (β₃-AR) activation on rat thoracic aorta smooth muscle contractility and the possible related mechanism.

METHODSThe endothelium removed thoracic aorta was pre-contracted with 30 mmol/L KCl physiological saline solution (PSS). Then the tension of the thoracic aorta was recorded in presence of BRL37344 (BRL) to determine the action of β₃-AR. The tension of the thoracic aorta was also recorded in the presence of Propranolol (PRA), SR59230A (SR), L-NNA, H-89 and Iberiotoxin (IBTX) respectively to reveal the underling mechanism of β₃-AR activation on rat vascular smooth muscle. Immunohistochemistry was adopted to confirm the existence and the distribution of β₃-AR in rat thoracic aorta.

RESULTSThe results showed that: (1) The thoracic aorta was relaxed by β₃-AR activation, with a relaxation percentage of (10.59 ± 0.79). (2) β₃-AR was expressed in both endothelial and smooth muscle layer in thoracic aorta sections of rats. (3) PRA did not block the effect of BRL on the thoracic aorta. The relaxation actions of BRL could be antagonized by pre-incubating the thoracic aorta with SR. (4) L-NNA (a NOS inhibitor) and H-89 (a PKA inhibitor) reversed the relaxation effect of BRL on vascular smooth muscle. (5) The effect of BRL was decreased after application of Ibriotoxin (IBTX), a large conductance calcium dependent potassium channel blocker.

CONCLUSIONThe results confirmed that activation of β₃-AR led to relaxation of thoracic aorta smooth muscle. The relaxation action of β₃-AR on smooth muscle of rat thoracic aorta was related to activation of NOS and PKA signaling pathway. Large conductance Ca²⁺-K⁺ channels were involved in the relaxation action of β₃-AR activation on rat thoracic aorta smooth muscle.

Animals ; Aorta, Thoracic ; physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Isoquinolines ; Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels ; physiology ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscle Relaxation ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; physiology ; Nitroarginine ; Peptides ; Propanolamines ; Propranolol ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3 ; physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Sulfonamides

Objective To observe and evaluate acute toxicities in a series of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive cancer patients receiving radiation therapy.Methods The study retrospectively reviewed the acute radiation reaction of radiation therapy of 14 HIV seropositive patients diagnosed with carcinoma between Feb 2008 and Dec 2013 at the Yunnan Tumor Hospital during the radiotherapy period and 1 month following treatment.Acute adverse effects were classified according to the site of radiation therapy and analyzed using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 3.0.Results Seven patients experienced interruptions or delays in treatment,and 2 stopped treatment entirely.The most common acute adverse effects were skin reactions and mucous membrane reactions,including dermatitis,stomatitis or diarrhea.Eight patients had grade 3 acute adverse effects,including 6 patients with grade 3 skin reactions and 2 patients with grade 3 mucosa reactions.Conclusions Radiotherapy is an effective treatment for HIV positive patients with tumors,however it frequently induced severe acute radiation responses.

Objective To investigate the clinical role of central venous pressure(CVP) to evaluate fluid responsiveness in septic shock patients. Methods 66 septic shock patients were studied, every patient was administered a volume challenge, before and after it, CVP, intrathoracic blood volume index (ITBVI),global end-diastolic volume index(GEDVI), cardiac index(CI), stroke volume index(SVI) were measured by PiCCO method. All the obtained values were analyzed by statistics method. Results Initial CVP in responders is significantly different from that in nonresponders; △ITBVI, △GEDVI, △CI, △SVI, △HR (△:changes) before and after volume challenge in responders were significantly different from those in nonresponders; the significance of △ITBVI, AGEDVI to predict volume responsiveness was strong indicated by high values of areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (0.674 and 0.700, respectively).If patients were regrouped by CVP≤11 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) and CVP > 11 mm Hg, initial ITBVI and GEDVI in responders were not significantly different from that in nonresponders; △ITBVI,△GEDVI, △CI, △SVI before and after volume challenge in responders were significantly different from those in nom'esponders. Conclusion In septic shock patients, CVP play a guidance role to predict and evaluate volume responsiveness and when CVP was > 11 nun Hg, a positive response will be less likely. Initial volumetric parameters(intrathoracic blood volume and global end-diastolic volume) play a questionable role in predicting and evaluating volume responsiveness, changes before and after volume challenge maybe helpful.

Objectlve To research and analyze the hemod)rnamic status of refractory septic shock associated cardiac dysfunction.Methods 70 refractory septic shock patients were studied.In the duration of pulmonary artery catheter(PAC)-directed hemodynamic optimization,the patients were divided into a cardiac dysfunction group and a control group.Hemodynamic parameters,arterial blood lactate concentration and APACHE II scores were obtained instantly after the placement of a PAC,then lactate clearance in 24 hours was surveyed and calculated.Subsequently the two groups of patients were regrouped by nonsurvivor and survivors respectively.All the obtained values were analyzed with statistic methods.Results 37% of the refractory septic shock patients was complicated with cardiac dysfunction.The age of the patients complicated with cardiac dysfunction was significantly higher than that of the patients of the control group.Central venous pressure(CVP),pulmonary artery obstruction pressure(PAOP),pulmonary artery pressure (PAP),systemic vascular resistance index(SVRI),pulmonary vascular resistance index(PVRI)and oxygen extraction ratio(O2ext)in the cardiac dysfunction group were significantly different from those in the control group.Cardiac output(CO),cardiac index(CI),oxygen delivery index(DO2I)and mixed venous oxygensaturation(S-v O2)were significantly lower than those of the patients in the control group.S -v O2 had a strong correlation witIl CI.If the patients were regrouped by nonsurvivors and survivors.in the patients complicated with cardiac dysfunction APACHE II scores were significantly higher in the nonsurvivors than survivors:the lactate clearance in 24 hours(median-25%)of the nonsurvivors was significantly lower than that of nonresponders(median 22%),P＜0.05.Conclusion (1)In refractory septic shock patients,cardiac dysfunction maybe the main reason leading to bad outcome.(2)Higher CVP and PAOP and lower S -v O2 indicate the onset of cardiac dysfunction.(3)The patients with significantly high initial arterial blood lactate level and the low lactate clearance in 24 hours had bad outcome.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by enterbaeterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction(ERIC-PCR)DNA fingerprint. Methods Mycobacterium tuberculosis positive sputum samples between September 2003 to May 2006 were collected and cultured.Chromosomal DNA were extracted and ERIC-PCR DNA fingerprinting was analyzed by software,such as RAPD PHYLIP and Treeview.Results A total of 42 different fingerprints were detected.Phylogenetic analysis showed that they could be classified into three clusters,the clustering rate was 72.6%.The characteristics of ERIC-PCR fingerprint patterns were related to age,drug resistance,and type of resistance.Conclusions ERIC-PCR DNA fingerprinting technique used in this study is good for epidemiological studies with its strong discrimination,simplicity and rapidness.A high level of recent transmission is found in our city.

Objective To analyze time trend of cancer during 1970-2005 in Shandong province so as to develop strategies for control and prevention of cancer at the community level. Methods Data was from 4 retrospective surveys regarding all causes of death during 1970-- 1974, 1985-1989, 1990- 1992 and 2004-2005, in Shandong province. Other than one set of data collected in 1985-1989 by Shandong province itself, the other 3 set of data were from the national surveys, in which the survey-point sampling of choice was based on data of 1970-1974 for assessing its representativeness. The observing indices would include standardized mortality and mortality. A join-point regression model was used to analyze the changing rate of tumor. Results The mortality rate of the entire tumor increased 143.15 percent in 2005 than in 1970. The changing slope of standardized rate of all tumors in the regression model showed that the inter-annual growth rate were 0.54 and 1.24 percent from 1970 to 1984 and from 1985 to 1992. The rate of increase since 1992 had been 0.18 percent. During 2004-2005, the main malignant cancers were lung, stomach, liver, esophageal, coiorectal, leukemia, breast and cervical cancer, in order. Lung cancer rose from the 4th ranking to the first while cervical cancer dropped from the fifth ranking to the 8th place. Esophageal cancer and cervical cancer were decreased annually while gastric cancer was increased in the early days but decreased later on. The rest of the cancers were on the rise year by year. Rates of lung and breast cancers were higher while gastric and esophageal cancers were lower seen in the urban than in rural areas. Conclusion In Shandong province, a marked increase was seen in the mortality rate of tumors in the past 35 years. Evidence showed that the spectrum of death among main malignant tumors had changed which might provide a scientific basis for the development of a community-based prevention and control program on cancer.

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to evaluate the expressions of CD34, CD31 and microvessel density (MVD) in different subtypes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) as well as the relationship between MVD and clinicopathological factors.

METHODSExpressions of CD31 and CD34 were detected in 149 patients with RCC using SP immunohistochemical staining. The MVD was studied by Weidner's method.

RESULTSThe expressions of CD31 and CD34 in the clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) (98.35 +/- 55.05, 128.04 +/- 46.44) were significantly higher than those in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC) (30.70 +/- 17.72, 48.55 +/- 14.09) and papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) (21.60 +/- 9.38, 38.12 +/- 10.98) (P < 0.01). The MVD value marked by CD31 (30.70 +/- 17.72, 21.60 +/- 9.38) was much lower than that marked by CD34 (48.55 +/- 14.09, 38.12 +/- 10.98) between ChRCC and PRCC (P < 0.01). Smaller and immatured microvessels and even single endothelial cells could be clearly seen. The MVD values marked by CD31 and CD34 were negatively correlated with the pathological grades (r(CD34) = -0.618, P < 0.01; r(CD31) = -0.442, P < 0.01) and clinical stages (r(CD34) = -0.283, P < 0.05; r(CD31) = -0.256, P < 0.05) in CCRCC. But no association was found in non-CCRCC (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONMVD is significantly correlated with different types of endothelial labeling. The microvascular endothelial cells could be shown clearly by its related antigen labeling such as CD34 and CD31. CD34 is more sensitive than CD31. The MVD of CCRCC is significantly higher than that in non-CCRCC. The expressions of CD31 and CD34 are not correlated with tumor grade and stage in ChRCC and PRCC, while there is a negative correlation in CCRCC.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; blood supply ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; Endothelial Cells ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; blood supply ; classification ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Microvessels ; metabolism ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo establish a method for real-time recording the oxygen consumption of mice under normobaric hypoxia.

METHODSThe experimental apparatus was made up of animal container, filling water control system, electronic balance, hose, a computer with weight recording software, etc. The working principle was that the oxygen consumed by animal was replaced by water filling which was controlled by the pneumatic and hydraulic actuator. The water was weighted by an electronic balance and the weight signal was recorded into excel file at the same time. The accuracy and precision of the apparatus were detected by a 10 ml syringe. The oxygen consumption characteristics of 6 acute repetitive hypoxia mice and 6 normal mice were observed.

RESULTSThe P value for the paired t test was 1 and the CV value was 4%. The survival time and total oxygen consumption of acute repetitive hypoxia mice were both significantly increased compared to normal mice (P < 0.05), which were (58.8 +/- 6.8) min and (46.0 +/- 8.7) min respectively for the survival time and (85.1 +/- 8.5) ml and (73.6 +/- 5.4) ml respectively for total oxygen consumption.

CONCLUSIONThe hypoxia tolerance of the acute repetitive hypoxia mice can significantly improved by taking more oxygen in the animal cabin. The accuracy and precision of the apparatus are high and it can be used for the determination of oxygen consumption in hypoxia research.

Animals ; Hypoxia ; physiopathology ; Mice ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; instrumentation ; Oxygen Consumption ; physiology

Objective To explore errors and their causes in setting up the retroperitoneal cavity for peritoneoscopy. Methods The clinical data of 450 patients who were performed the laparoscopic surgery in our hospital from May 2009 to December 2016 were collected. According to the trocar puncture points, patients were divided into lumbar group (n=193) and iliac flap group (n=276). The problems were summarized and analyzed in the process of setting up the retroperitoneal cavity. Results The mistakes existed in setting up the retroperitoneal cavity including peritoneum rupture (10 cases), error in balloon expansion clearance (5 cases), homemade balloon rupture and fall off (7 cases), poor position of puncture port (34 cases), bleeding of puncture channel (6 cases), leaking around the trocar and subcutaneous emphysema. After peritoneal patching, re-establishment of the expansion of the gap, adjusting the trocar position and other appropriate measures for treatment, the operations were successfully in 450 patients. Conclusion We should choose the appropriate method for building cavity according to different conditions of patients, and know well the anatomy of the peritoneal cavity. All details should be emphasized in the process of building cavity to reduce the occurrence of errors.

OBJECTIVETo observe the impact on lower limbs balance function in treatment of yin-yang meridians acupuncture with respiratory reinforcing and reducing manipulation involved in the patients of stroke by applying B-PHY balance function test training system so as to provide the objective evidence in treatment of stroke; with acupuncture.

METHODSOne hundred patients were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 50 cases in each one. In the control group, the basic treatment was applied, without other relevant rehabilitation therapies associated. In the observation group, with the basic treatment as the control group's, the therapy of the yin-yang meridians acupuncutre with respiratory reinforcing and reducing manipulation was adopted. On the yin meridians, Zuwuli (LR 10), Xuehai (SP 10), Yinlingquan (SP 9), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and the others were selected and stimulated with reducing manipulation achieved by the coordination of patient's respiration. On the yang meridians, Biguan (ST 31), Liangqiu (ST 34), Yanglingquan (GB 34) and the others were selected and stimulated with reinforcing manipulation achieved by the coordination of patient's respiration. The treatment was given once a day and for 28 days totally. Before treatment and in 28 days of treatment, B-PHY balance function test training system was used to determine the weight shift track parameters (track length, peripheral square, track length of per unit square, left-right offset and rectangle square), the weight shift track distance parameters [mean of X axle weight shift distance (Mean-X), mean of Y axle weight shift distance (Mean-Y), maximum of X axle weight shift distance (Max-X), maximum of Y axle weight shift distance (Max-Y), weight shift distance (LSKG), weight shift square (SSKG), square ratio of weight shift (LFS)], stability coefficient (SI) and weight distribution coefficient (WDI).

RESULTSAfter treatment, the differences in the weight shift track parameters, SI and WDI were significant as compared with those before treatment in the patients of the two groups (all P<0.01); while the differences in the weight shift distance parameters in the observation group were improved obviously after treatment as compared with those before treatment (all P<0.01), the differences of Mean-X, Max-Y and LFS in the control group were improved after treatment as compared with those before treatment (all P<0.01). Except SSKG, the improvements after treatment in the rest indices in the observation group were better than those in the control group (all P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe yin-yang meridians acupuncture with respiratry reinforcing and re- ducing manipulation effectively improves the lower limbs balance function in the patients of stroke.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; physiopathology ; Male ; Meridians ; Middle Aged ; Postural Balance ; Respiratory System ; physiopathology ; Stroke ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Yin-Yang