We carried out a questionnaire survey on the career planning situation of pharmacy postgraduate students at Peking university, so as to collect information for career planning education of pharmacy postgraduate students, which is expected to promote their employment on completion of degree. by. The results revealed the status quo of career planning and the demand for guidance in this aspect. Recommendations for career planning education of pharmacy postgraduate students were made thereby.

Objective To observe the effect of moxa smoke (Artemisia vulgaris) on amino acids neurotransmitters in the brain of senescence accelerated mouse (SAMP8) and explore the anti-aging effect of moxa smoke. Methods Totally 70 SAMP8 were randomized into one model control group and 6 intervention groups, and 10 SAMR1 mice were used as normal control group. There were low, medium and high concentrations of moxa smoke during intervention. Moxa smoke intervention was performed 15 min/30 min each day for 28 days. High performance liquid chromatographic method was used to determine the levels of Glu, Asp and GABA in the brain of the mice. Results Compared with the normal control group, the levels of Asp and Glu in the model control group were significantly higher, while the GABA was significantly lower. The levels of Asp and Glu in 6 intervention groups were significantly lower than those in the model control group, while GABA was significantly higher than or the same as the model control group. There was no significant difference among different intervention groups in the levels of Asp and Glu, while the 30 min-medium concentration moxa smoke had the most significant effect in increasing the level of GABA. Conclusion Moxa smoke intervention could decrease the high level of Asp and Glu, and increase the low level of GABA in SAMP8. It could achieve the effect of anti-aging through adjusting the abnormal metabolism of amino acids in the brain.

Objective To investigate the value of clinical parameters in predicting the initiation of renal replacement therapy(RRT) in acute kidney injury (AKI) patients with cardiorenal syndrome (CRS).Methods A total of 75 AKI patients hospitalized with CRS were enrolled.All patients received pharmacologic therapy on the beginning 3 days.The patients whose heart function improved were divided into control group (n=39),and the patients whose heart function worsened were divided into RRT group (n=36).Clinical and laboratory data on the first day and the fourth day were collected and analyzed.The factors on the first day were labeled asⅠ ,and those on the fourth day were labeled asⅡ. The ratio of some parameters calculated were labeled asⅡ/Ⅰ .Area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of these factors was used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity in predicting the initiation of RRT.Results The patients in RRT group had significantly higher levels of BNP-Ⅱ,BNP Ⅱ / Ⅰ and creatinine Ⅱ / Ⅰ (P ＜ 0.01),and lower levels of 24 hours urine volume-Ⅰ and 24 hours urine volume-Ⅱ (P ＜ 0.01).From ROC curve analysis,the AUC of 24 hours urine volume-Ⅰ,24 hours urine volume-Ⅱ,creatinine Ⅱ / Ⅰ,BNP-Ⅱ levels and BNP Ⅱ/Ⅰ to predict RRT were 0.736,0.875,0.747,0.779 and 0.894 respectively.When the cutoff values of 24 hours urine volume-Ⅰ,24 hours urine volume-Ⅱ,BNP-Ⅱ levels,BNP Ⅱ / Ⅰ and creatinine Ⅱ / Ⅰ were 905 ml (sensitivity 75％,specificity 94.9％),1450 ml (sensitivity 75％,specificity 100％),3360 ng/L (sensitivity 72.2％,specificity 100％),1.37 (sensitivity 75％,specificity 100％) and 1.25 (sensitivity 72.2％,specificity 94.4％) respectively,the value of the parameters to predict RRT was high.Conclusions The 24 hours urine volume,BNP levels after treatment and the dynamic changes of BNP levels and creatinine levels can be used as predictors of the initiation of RRT in the AKI patients with CRS.

Adult ; Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; genetics ; Male ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 ; genetics

Organophosphate chemicals are widely used as agricultural pesticides and war reagents, their biodegradation is emphasized on the theoretical and practical aspects. Organophosphate hydrolases play important roles in the biodegradation of organophosphate chemicals. Great advancement was achieved recently in the determination of crystal structure and catalytic mechanisms of the hydrolase. This paper reviewed the research progresses in the enzymology, protein structure, catalytic mechanisms and application of the organophosphate hydrolase, and predicted the future research in this field.

Objective To explore the role of ERK1/2 protein in development of myocardial hypertrophy.Methods Myocardial cells were isolated from ventricles of 1～3-day-old neonate rats and purifed by a culture method.Neonate rat cardiomyocyte hypertrophic responses were assayed by measuring protein content,protein synthesis rate and cell surface area.Expression of protein ERK1/2 were detected by Western blot.Results Cell protein content,~3H-leucine(~3 H-Leu)incorporation and cell surface area increased by treating of cardiomyocytes with T(10~(-10)～10~(-6) mol/L)for 24 h.The maxium effect was observed at the concentration of 10~(-8) mol/L.The increase of cell protein content induced by T was inhibited by pretreating with flutamide(10~(-5) mol/L)for 2 h,while there was no effect on cardiomyocytes pretreating with flutamide alone.The increase of ~3H-Leu incorporation induced by T was blocked by PD98059(50 μmol/L).Expression of ERK1/2 was upregulated significantly by treating with testoster one for 24 h at the level of 10~(-8) mol/L.The increased expression of ERK1/2 induced by T was reversed by pretreating with flutamide(10~(-5) mol/L)for 2 h.Conclusion T with physio-concentration may induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and this effect was possibly mediated through the activation of ERK1/2 signalling.During this procession,T upregulated the protein expression of ERK1/2 mediated by androgen receptor.

Objective:To investigate the efficiency of carbon nanotube(CNT)-PAMAM mediated entrance of anti-survivin oligonucleotide into HepG2 cells,and its effects on the proliferation of HepG2 cells.Methods:CNT-PAMAM-anti-survivin oligonucleotide compounds were prepared and characterized by AFM and 1% agarose gel electrophoresis analysis.TEM was used to observe the distribution of CNT-PAMAM-ASODN compounds in HepG2 cells.CNT-PAMAM-ASODN compounds were added into the medium and co-cultured with HepG2 cells for 24 h,48 h,72 h,and 96 h at 37℃,5% CO_2.MTT method was used to detect the effects of ASODN and CNT-PAMAM-ASODN on the proliferation of HepG2 cells.Results:CNT-PAMAM-ASODN compounds were successfully synthesized via AFM and agarose gel electrophoresis.TEM showed that the compounds were located in the cytoplasm.When CNT-PAMAM-ASODN(1.0 ?mol/L)and ASODN(1.0 ?mol/L)were used for a 48 h culture,the inhibitory rates of HepG2 cells were(45.97?4.28)% for CNT-PAMAM-ASODN compounds group,(9.33?0.85)% for ASODN group,and(6.37?0.69)% for CNT-PAMAM group.CNT-PAMAM-ASODN compounds at 1.5 ?mol/L inhibited HepG2 cells by(70.22?7.25)%,and the inhibitory effects were in a time-and concentration-dependent manner.There was statistical difference between experiment group and control group(P

Objective ① To Screen for the miRNAs differently expressed in the peripheral blood mono-nuclear cells (PBMCs) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by microarray experiments.② To further evaluate the expression of miR-155 in PBMCs of RA.③ To determine the relevance between the expression of miR-155 and clinical as well as laboratory features.④ To test whether inflammatory mediators can induce miR-155 expression in PBMCs of RA.Methods ① Total RNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from 5 patients of RA and 5 normal controls.Expression profiling of miRNAs was performed in a microarray analysis.② MiR-155 was identified for further study by stem-loop real-time RT-PCR based on SYBR-Green.PBMC from 26 patients of RA and 23 normal controls were collected.③ Association between miR-155 and the clinical and laboratory features of RA was evaluated.④Induction of miR-155 following stimulation with TNF-α, IFN-γ and LPS of cultures of RA PBMCs was examined by real-time RT-PCR.Statistical analysis was done with student's t test, paired t test, and ANOVA, Spearman correlation.Results ① Expression profiling of miRNAs revealed significant differential expression of 14 miRNAs, of which signal intensity changed over two times.MiR-155 was up-regulated in PBMCs of RA than in normal controls (t=9.218, P=0.001).② The expression level of miR-155 had a positive correlation with serum CRP level (r=0.57, P=0.002).③ Expression of miR-155 was markedly up-regulated in PBMCs of RA after stimulated with TNF-α,IFN-γ and LPS, especially with TNF-α.Conclusions The expression of miR-155 is induced by stimulating with TNF-α, IFN-γ and LPS.MiR-155 may be a regulator in RA pathogenesis.Further studies are required to elucidate the function of miR-155.

Objective To explore the relationship between abnormal copy number of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and prognosis of the patients in colorectal cancer (CRC).Methods A total of 60 cases of CRC and corresponding adjacent noncancerous tissue specimens were selected.Genomic DNA was extracted.The mitochondrial ND1 gene was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and β-actin was set as internal control.And then the copy number of mtDNA was caculated and analyzed by t-test.The prognosis of patients was determined by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.Results The mean mtDNA copy number of CRC tissue was 108.60±20.11,while that of the corresponding adjacent noncancerous tissues was 153.68±25.72,the former was significantly lower than that of the latter (t=10.69,P＜0.01).The rate of low mtDNA copy number in case with positive lymph nodes metastasis was higher than that in cases with negative lymph nodes metastasis (x2 =4.022,P＜0.05),however there were no obvious correlation with gender,age,pathological type,TNM stage.The survival rate of high mtDNA copy number group was higher than that of low mtDNA copy number group,however there was no statistical significance (P＞ 0.05).Conclusions mtDNA copy number of CRC was significantly lower than that of the adjacent noncancerous tissues.However the change of copy number was not correlated to the prognosis.

Objective To investigate and analyze the adverse effect(AE) of methotrexate(MTX)in rheumatoid arthritis(RA).MethodsThree hundred and twenty-five RA patients were investigated with a questionnaire in clinical service of department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital. SPSS 11.5 software was used for statistical analysis. Results① The total prevalence of AE was 34.2％. Among these, gastrointestinal AE were the most common, others included elevated liver enzymes,leucocytopenia,alopecia and dental ulcer. The incidence of drug withdrawal of MTX was 13.2％, elevated liver enzymes was the most common reason of withdrawal, other reasons were gastrointestinal AE, leucocytopenia,dental ulcer and alopecia. The gastrointestinal AE and dental ulcer occurred within one week after initiating the medication in average, while elevated liver enzymes and leucocytopenia usually occurred at about 1～2 months after the medication. ②The incidence of AE increased with the dosage. ③ Folic acid could significantly decrease the total incidence of AE(P＜0.05). The incidence of gastrointestinal AE, elevated liver enzymes,leucocytopenia and dental ulcer couldbe reduced by folic acid supplementation(P＜0.05).Conclusion The AE of MTX in RA treatment are common, many of which are slight and could be improved by reducing the dosage or symptomatic treatment. The AEs of MTX can be improved by folic acid supplement treatment.