Objective To explore the influence of continued case nursing on medicine compliance and disease relapse of patients with schizophrenia.Methods Eighty patients with schizophrenia were divided into experiment group and control group according to admission sequence and random digit table,with 40 in each group. Both groups received case management. The control group received routine outpatient visit.The experiment group received continued nursing of primary nurse’s case management based on traditional method for a year.The two groups were compared in terms of the medicine compliance and disease relapse.Result The medicine compliance of the experiment group was higher than that of control group and the disease relapse of the experiment group was lower than that of control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The continued case nursing to patients with schizophrenia can increase medical compliance and reduce incidence of disease relapse,which is an effective hospital-community management mode.

Objective: To analyze the clinical effect of traditionaldog-days acupoint application and Magic Acupuncture Patch (Manji) in the prevention and treatment of chronic bronchitis (CB) in remission stage in the past five years, and explore the principle of action and effective stimulation, to provide the evidence for treating CB by acupoint application. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 405 patients with CB who met the inclusion criteria. All patients were treated with dog-days acupoint application or Magic Acupuncture Patch between 2013 and 2017. The clinical data of 405 patients were statistically analyzed to compare the prevention and treatment effects of dog-days acupoint application and Magic Acupuncture Patch, and different degrees of stimulation of dog-days acupoint application. Results: Among the dog-days acupoint application groups, the total effective rate was 63.6％ in the light stimulation group, 93.1％ in the moderate stimulation group, and 94.8％ in the strong stimulation group. The differences in the total effective rate between the light stimulation group and the moderate stimulation group, as well as the strong stimulation group, were statistically significant (both P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the total effective rate between the moderate stimulation group and the strong stimulation group (P>0.05). The total effective rate was 83.9％ in the dog-days acupoint application group, versus 45.4％ in the Magic Acupuncture Patch group, and there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: The efficacy of dog-days acupoint application in the prevention and treatment of CB is better than that of Magic Acupuncture Patch; the degree of stimulation is the basis for the effect of dog-days acupoint application on prevention and treatment of CB, and the moderate and strong stimulations are more appropriate.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the influence of individual genetic polymorphisms of metabolic enzymes on urinary styrene metabolites.

METHODS58 workers occupationally exposed to styrene were divided into the high exposure group (≥ 100 mg/m³) and the low exposure group (< 100 mg/m³). The microfluidic chip technology was used to determine the SNPs of CYP2B6, CYP2D6 and GSTP1 and the influence of gene polymorphisms on the metabolism of styrene was statistically analyzed.

RESULTSThe level of urine styrene metabolites level was influenced by genotypes of CYP2B6, CYP2D6 and GSTP1 [(280.28 +/- 100.60) mg/g Cr vs (183.48 +/- 127.52) mg/g Cr, (233.04 +/- 77.56) mg/g Cr vs (152.46 +/- 95.47) mg/g Cr, (32.88 +/- 7.14) mg/g Cr vs (24.47 +/- 5.59) mg/g Cr, P < 0.05)]. The metabolism of CYP2B6 G/G homozygotic genotype to styrene was more active than G/T heterozygotic genotype and T/T mutation genotype. The level of PHEMA in GSTP1 homozygotic genotype subjects was significantly higher than that in the group of homozygotic genotype [(32.07 +/- 7.32) mg/g Cr vs (25.59 +/- 6.95) mg/g Cr, P < 0.05)]. The influence of CYP2D6 genotypes on urinary metabolites was also observed in the same study [(56.36 +/- 109.72) mg/g Cr vs (177.13 +/- 116.21) mg/g Cr, (118.73 +/- 84.55) mg/g Cr vs (148.48 +/- 99.83) mg/g Cr, (18.29 +/- 13.50) mg/g Cr vs (19.95 +/- 13.30) mg/g Cr, P < 0.05)].

CONCLUSIONGenotypes of CYP2B6, GSTP1 and CYP2D6 are related to susceptibility to the metabolism of styrene in human.

Adult ; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases ; genetics ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6 ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 ; genetics ; Genotype ; Glutathione S-Transferase pi ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Styrene ; adverse effects ; pharmacokinetics ; urine ; Young Adult

?AlM: To investigate the outcome and safety of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation treatment in uncontrolled primary congenital glaucoma ( PCG) .
? METHODS: Twenty - two eyes in 22 children with uncontrolled PCG were reviewed retrospectively and underwent Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation treatment from January 2011 to December 2014. Main checking index included intraocular pressure ( lOP ) before and after operation, corneal diameter and complications.
?RESULTS: Preoperative mean age was 3. 74±2. 24y, and 2. 59 ± 1. 78y apart from the last operation. Postoperative average lOP was 35. 22 ± 6. 36mmHg. Average corneal diameter was 12. 79 ± 0. 75mm. Mitomycin C ( 0. 3 - 0. 5mg/mL ) was used in all operations for 3-5min. Glaucoma valves were implanted in the temporal or nose above the equator sclera. Postoperative lOP was 11. 4±4. 45mmHg at 1wk, and 16. 73± 7. 23mmHg after 12mo. As lOP< 21mmHg for success criteria, lOP of 16 eyes ( 73%) were controlled after 12mo. Preoperative 6 cases had shallow anterior chamber, recovered spontaneously. No serious complication was recorded, such as rejection of glaucoma valve, endoophthalmitis and corneal decompensation.
?CONCLUSlON:Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in uncontrolled PCG is a safe and viable treatment.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of purine nucleotide on the expressions of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteotrophic hormone (LH) and the ultrastructures of the distal somatotrophic and gonadotrophic cells in the pituitary gland of heroin-addicted and -withdrawal rats.

METHODSNinety-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control group (ip saline for 14 d), a nucleotide group (ip AMP and GMP for 10 d), a heroin group (ip heroin for 10 d), a heroin + nucleotide group (ip AMP and GMP + heroin for 10 d), a 3 d withdrawal group (ip heroin for 10 d and killed at 14 d), a 9 d withdrawal group (ip heroin for 10 d and killed at 20 d), a 3 d nucleotide group (ip nucleotide for 3 d after 10 d heroin administration and killed at 14 d), and a 9 d nucleotide group (ip nucleotide for 9 d after 10 d heroin administration and killed at 20 d). Changes in the mRNA expressions of FSH and LH in the pituitary gland of the rats were analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and alterations in the ultrastructures of the distal somatotrophic and gonadotrophic cells were observed under the microscope.

RESULTSThe expression of FSH mRNA was significantly increased in the nucleotide, heroin + nucleotide, 3 d nucleotide and 9 d nucleotide groups (0.099 +/- 0.018, 0.177 +/- 0.046, 0.151 +/- 0.030 and 0.184 +/- 0.028) as compared with the control group (0.045 +/- 0.009) (P < 0.01); and so was that of LH mRNA in the heroin + nucleotide, 3 d nucleotide and 9 d nucleotide groups (0.950 +/- 0.169, 0.990 +/- 0.171 and 0.960 +/- 0.147) in comparison with the control group (0.700 +/- 0.099) (P < 0.01). In the heroin group, the nuclei of the distal somatotrophic and gonadotrophic cells exhibited morphological abnormality, unclear membrane, slightly pyknotic matrix, marginal and agglutinated heterochromatin, dilated rough endoplasmic reticula, swollen mitochondria, broken and vacuolated cristae in the cytoplasm, obviously decreased number of secretory granules, and myelin bodies in some cells. However, the heroin + nucleotide group showed no significant changes in the ultrastructures of somatotrophic and gonadotrophic cells compared with the control group.

CONCLUSIONShort-term use of heroin does not obviously affect the expressions of FSH and LH mRNA in the pituitary gland of rats, while heroin + nucleotide, or nucleotide following heroin withdrawal can enhance their expressions significantly. Heroin damages the ultrastructures of the distal somatotrophic and gonadotrophic cells in the pituitary gland of male rats, and purine nucleotide can diminish or inhibit this damage.

Animals ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Heroin ; adverse effects ; Heroin Dependence ; genetics ; metabolism ; Luteinizing Hormone ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Pituitary Gland ; drug effects ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Purine Nucleotides ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome ; genetics ; metabolism

PURPOSE: Intranasal dexmedetomidine is an effective sedative for premedication and is regularly used to reduce preoperative tension and anxiety in children. This study aimed to assess the effect of intranasally adjunctive dexmedetomidine on perioperative sedative and analgesic requirements in adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients were randomly divided into four groups to receive preoperative administration of saline, intranasal dexmedetomidine 1 µg/kg and 2 µg/kg, and intravenous dexmedetomidine 1 µg/kg, respectively. Propofol and remifentanil were target-controlled infused to maintain intraoperative bispectral index at 45-55 and blood pressure at baseline value±20%. Sufentanil was administered to maintain postoperative visual analogue scale ≤3. Perioperative anesthetics requirements were compared using nonparametric tests. RESULTS: Intranasal dexmedetomidine significantly attenuated propofol requirements for anesthesia induction and maintenance in a dose-dependent manner. Patients given intranasal dexmedetomidine 2 µg/kg required less remifentanil for anesthesia maintenance. The first postoperative request for sufentanil analgesia was delayed in patients given intranasal dexmedetomidine 2 µg/kg. The anesthetics-sparing effect of intranasal dexmedetomidine was significantly weaker than intravenous dexmedetomidine at the same dose of 1 µg/kg. The incidences of adverse events, including hemodynamic instability and delayed recovery, were comparable with and without intranasal dexmedetomidine. CONCLUSION: Intranasal administration of dexmedetomidine can reduce perioperative anesthetic requirements, and a dose of dexmedetomidine 2 µg/kg produces a better effect in adults. The anesthetics-sparing effect of intranasal dexmedetomidine 1 µg/kg is less than that with the same intravenous dose of dexmedetomidine.
*Administration, Intranasal ; Adult ; *Anesthesia, General ; Child ; Dexmedetomidine/*administration & dosage/adverse effects/*pharmacology ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives/*administration & dosage/adverse effects/*pharmacology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain Measurement ; *Perioperative Care ; Premedication

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of exogenous adrenomedullin (ADM) on endogenous expression of ADM in the kidney and hypothalamus of rats early after mechanical renal trauma.

METHODSAdult Wistar rats were randomized into 4 groups (n=32), namely the control group, renal impact trauma group, preventive ADM injection group, and therapeutic ADM injection group. In the latter two groups, ADM (0.1 nmol/kg) was administrated by intraperitoneal injection 10 min before and 10 min after renal trauma. The rats were executed at 1, 6, 12, and 24 h after the trauma to examine the expression of ADM in the kidney and hypothalamus.

RESULTSIn preventive ADM injection group, the renal expression of ADM increased significantly at 1 h after the trauma (P<0.05) and tended to further increase with time till 24 h when its expression recovered the normal level. In the therapeutic ADM injection group, strong renal ADM positivity was found at 1 and 6 h after the injury (P<0.05) followed by gradual decrease till recovering the normal level at 24 h. Low renal ADM expression was detected, which was the strongest at 1 and 12 h (P<0.05) and became normal at 24 h. The time course of ADM expression in the hypothalamus was similar to that in the kidney in the therapeutic ADM injection group, and in the preventive injection group, the strongest ADM expression in the hypothalamus occurred at 6 and 24 h, and the lowest expression occurred at 12 h (P<0.05). The trauma group showed significantly decreased ADM expression in the hypothalamus compared with the control group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe hypothalamic ADM expression can upregulate renal ADM expression. ADM maintains the relative stability of the internal environment and physiological activity by local and systemic positive and negative feedback mechanisms.

Adrenomedullin ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Female ; Hypothalamus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Kidney ; drug effects ; injuries ; metabolism ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Wounds and Injuries ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the value of ultrasound elastography in the evaluation of ethanol-induced lesions of liver.

METHODSAlcohol with a dose of 2 ml was injected into a fresh porcine liver under ultrasound guidance to create stiff necrosis. Then freehand elastography of the lesion from the identical scan plane was obtained with Siemens SONOLINE Antares system using VF10-5 probe at about every 30 seconds till 6 minutes later. The original high-quality radio-frequency data were acquired through an ultrasound research interface provided by the ultrasound system. Corresponding elastograms were then produced offline using cross-corre-lation technique and compared with gross specimen.

RESULTSA hyperechoic area with acoustic shadow below appeared immediately after alcohol injection. The hyperechoic area diffused and its boundary was illegible following injection. On the contrary, the ethanol-induced lesion in elastography appeared as a low strain hard region surrounded by high-strain soft hepatic tissues with clear but irregular boundaries. Sequential elastograms with the lesion boundaries sketched showed that the lesion area grew in the first 3 minutes after ethanol injection and then reached a plateau, which corresponded to the gross specimen.

CONCLUSIONUltrasound elastography can be used to detect and evaluate the diffusion of ethanol-induced hepatic lesion.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Elasticity Imaging Techniques ; methods ; Ethanol ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Liver ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Liver Diseases ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Swine

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have the potential of differentiation into alveolar epithelial cells in vitro, but so far no study has indicated that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) can be differentiated into alveolar epithelial cells through long-term Transwell co-culture. OBJECTIVE: To observe whether rat lung epithelial-T-antigen negative cell lines (RLE-6TN) can induce rat ADSCs to differentiate into type II alveolar epithelial cells by long-term Transwell co-culture. METHODS: Three SPF health female Sprague-Dawley rats were used as donors to separate, extract, culture and identity ADSCs. The experimental group was subjected to the Transwell co-culture of ADSCs and RLE-6TN, while the control group was subjected to the culture of ADSCs alone. The morphological changes of ADSCs were observed by the inverted phase contrast microscope at 21 days after co-culture. Immunofluorescence staining using surfactant protein C (SP-C) was performed on the co-cultured ADSCs. The fluorescence staining was observed using the inverted fluorescence microscope. Integral optical density (IOD) analysis was conducted by Image pro plus 6.0 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: RLE-6TN cells were identified by fluorescence staining with stable expression of SP-C protein (red fluorescence) in the experimental group, and there was no red fluorescence in the control group. After 21-day co-culture, the cell shape in the experimental group was transformed from the long spindle shape into oval or polygon shape gradually, while the cell shape in the control group remained fibroblast-like. These results show that RLE-6TN can induce ADSCs to differentiate into type II alveolar epithelial cells after a long-term (21 days) co-culture.

AIMTo observe change of binding activity of HIF-1 with erythropoietin (EPO) hypoxia response element (HRE) in the hippocampus of mice preconditioned to hypoxia and explore relationship between the changes and the preconditioning.

METHODSThe hippocampus was removed from mice exposed to hypoxia for 0 run (control group), 1 run (H1 group) and 4 runs(H4 group). Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)and real time PCR were used to detect the change of activity of HIF-1 on HRE of EPO.

RESULTSBoth in vitro and in vivo binding tests showed that the HIF-1 DNA-binding activities were increased in group H1 and markedly increased in group H4.

CONCLUSIONThe increase of HIF-1 and HRE of EPO binding activities is thought be involved in hypoxic preconditioning.

Animals ; Erythropoietin ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Hypoxia ; metabolism ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Response Elements